Biochemistry
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
Isolation and Amino Acid Sequence of Two New PR
... We have purified and characterized two new pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins from wheat belonging to the PR-4 family. We named the proteins wheatwin3 and wheatwin4 in analogy with the previously characterized wheatwin1 and wheatwin2. Their isoelectric points were 7.1 and 8.4, respectively. We deter ...
... We have purified and characterized two new pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins from wheat belonging to the PR-4 family. We named the proteins wheatwin3 and wheatwin4 in analogy with the previously characterized wheatwin1 and wheatwin2. Their isoelectric points were 7.1 and 8.4, respectively. We deter ...
Biochemistry Biochemistry is the science concerned the chemical
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
Biochemistry Biochemistry is the science concerned the chemical
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
Responses to challenges
... “Stomach” [Chapter 29, page 2] “The low pH environment aids in digestion by killing bacteria, starting acid hydrolysis of some proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and by activating pepsinogen to pepsin.” Furthermore, “The gastric juices of the stomach contains HCl, the proteolytic enzyme, pepsin, a ...
... “Stomach” [Chapter 29, page 2] “The low pH environment aids in digestion by killing bacteria, starting acid hydrolysis of some proteins, carbohydrates and lipids, and by activating pepsinogen to pepsin.” Furthermore, “The gastric juices of the stomach contains HCl, the proteolytic enzyme, pepsin, a ...
Biochemistry Biochemistry is the science concerned the chemical
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
... The key problems: The definitions: enzyme, coenzyme, cofactor. The isoenzymes of the diagnostic importance (lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine phosphokinase (CPK)). The structure of the active site and models for substrate binding. The specificity of enzymes to the substrates and the catalysed re ...
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
... higher metabolic rate than mammals and respond quicker and stronger to starvation than do mammals. Thus, the starvation or fasting tolerance time in birds is lower than that of mammals of a similar size; for example, 31-36 h in sparrow6 and 3-4 days in mice7. Birds, like mammals, progress through th ...
... higher metabolic rate than mammals and respond quicker and stronger to starvation than do mammals. Thus, the starvation or fasting tolerance time in birds is lower than that of mammals of a similar size; for example, 31-36 h in sparrow6 and 3-4 days in mice7. Birds, like mammals, progress through th ...
BHS 116.2: Physiology II Date: 1/23/13 Notetaker: Stephanie Cullen
... Continuously make and secrete bile into the bile canaliculi Carry bile into the bile duct In contact w/ the sinusoid on 1 side and a bile canaliculus on the other One in contact w/ the sinusoid (usually a basal-lateral surface because it doesn’t secrete bile) Endothelial cells Thin layer o ...
... Continuously make and secrete bile into the bile canaliculi Carry bile into the bile duct In contact w/ the sinusoid on 1 side and a bile canaliculus on the other One in contact w/ the sinusoid (usually a basal-lateral surface because it doesn’t secrete bile) Endothelial cells Thin layer o ...
All 3 fates of pyruvate from glycolysis provide for the regeneration of
... gives you a taste of ATP driven reactions. ...
... gives you a taste of ATP driven reactions. ...
Pharmaceuticals from Animal and Plant Products
... GLANDS AND TISSUES - PRODUCTS, SOURCES AND USES Glands, organs of the body which excrete substances for metabolic use, are a major source of raw material. Glands or secretions used are the pancreas, pituitary gland, intestinal mucus, adrenals, bile and thymus. Other organs or tissues used include th ...
... GLANDS AND TISSUES - PRODUCTS, SOURCES AND USES Glands, organs of the body which excrete substances for metabolic use, are a major source of raw material. Glands or secretions used are the pancreas, pituitary gland, intestinal mucus, adrenals, bile and thymus. Other organs or tissues used include th ...
Topic: Exchange and functions of carbohydrates
... enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. In the process of digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic linkage takes place, monomers (able to be absorptive) are generated, they are able also to get into blood and after that into tissues. Starch is partially absorbed in the mouth cavity u ...
... enzymatic digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. In the process of digestion, enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic linkage takes place, monomers (able to be absorptive) are generated, they are able also to get into blood and after that into tissues. Starch is partially absorbed in the mouth cavity u ...
Enzymes -2.Properties, claasification and theories of action (1)
... • Enzymes are highly specific and interact with specific substrates with specific functional groups • Other substrates would not fit into their active sites • It catalyzes only one type of chemical reaction • The set of enzymes present in a cell determines which type of reaction will occur in that c ...
... • Enzymes are highly specific and interact with specific substrates with specific functional groups • Other substrates would not fit into their active sites • It catalyzes only one type of chemical reaction • The set of enzymes present in a cell determines which type of reaction will occur in that c ...
enzymes - MrsGorukhomework
... Denatured – structural change so therefore the active site would not be a fit. • ph – have an optimum pH, are sensitive to change, sites get denatured at wrong pH (compartmentalization) • [enzyme] – as [enzyme] increases, so does reaction rate up to a certain point then stabilizes • [substrate] – as ...
... Denatured – structural change so therefore the active site would not be a fit. • ph – have an optimum pH, are sensitive to change, sites get denatured at wrong pH (compartmentalization) • [enzyme] – as [enzyme] increases, so does reaction rate up to a certain point then stabilizes • [substrate] – as ...
First test material Study guide
... not produce energy but instead produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is why this process is confined to the peroxisome where H2O2 can be neutralized. 2. Peroxisomal a-Oxidation of Fatty Acids Two branched-chain fatty acids, phytanic acid and pristanic acid, are oxidized in peroxisomes to the leve ...
... not produce energy but instead produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is why this process is confined to the peroxisome where H2O2 can be neutralized. 2. Peroxisomal a-Oxidation of Fatty Acids Two branched-chain fatty acids, phytanic acid and pristanic acid, are oxidized in peroxisomes to the leve ...
Ch - Paint Valley Local Schools
... The four macromolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know what each of these molecules function to do in the human body. DNA functions to provide one’s genetic code (instructions). RNA functi ...
... The four macromolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know what each of these molecules function to do in the human body. DNA functions to provide one’s genetic code (instructions). RNA functi ...
Lecture 6
... Protein structure: Amino acids • Essential vs non-essential – Essential: NOT made by body – Nonessential: made by the body ...
... Protein structure: Amino acids • Essential vs non-essential – Essential: NOT made by body – Nonessential: made by the body ...
Bioactivity and Cellular Effects of Phytochemicals
... insecure regions such as some sub-Sahara countries ...
... insecure regions such as some sub-Sahara countries ...
Microbiology Ch 3 p18-37 [4-20
... b. To drive the transport of molecules, cell uses energy from electrochemical gradient of protons, the proton motive force i. Gradient is generated by extrusion of protons from cell (resulting from oxidation of metabolic intermediates like NADH or ATP hydrolysis ii. Lactose is accumulated intracellu ...
... b. To drive the transport of molecules, cell uses energy from electrochemical gradient of protons, the proton motive force i. Gradient is generated by extrusion of protons from cell (resulting from oxidation of metabolic intermediates like NADH or ATP hydrolysis ii. Lactose is accumulated intracellu ...
Ch - Paint Valley Local Schools
... The four macromolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know what each of these molecules function to do in the human body. DNA functions to provide one’s genetic code (instructions). RNA functi ...
... The four macromolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. 17. Which type of macromolecule do DNA and RNA belong to? They are nucleic acids. Know what each of these molecules function to do in the human body. DNA functions to provide one’s genetic code (instructions). RNA functi ...
Document
... ketone group in saccharide molecule is present. In alkaline environment saccharides have reductive properties and ring can be opened In acidic environment saccharides are in cyclic form and there is no =CO group. Saccharides are oxidized to acids , while reduce other substances ex.: glucose is ox ...
... ketone group in saccharide molecule is present. In alkaline environment saccharides have reductive properties and ring can be opened In acidic environment saccharides are in cyclic form and there is no =CO group. Saccharides are oxidized to acids , while reduce other substances ex.: glucose is ox ...
Metabolism
... • Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. ...
... • Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. ...
Fermentation - Sacred Heart Academy
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
... • Fermentation is a way of harvesting chemical energy that does not require oxygen. Fermentation – takes advantage of glycolysis, – produces two ATP molecules per glucose, and – reduces NAD+ to NADH. ...
Biochemical methods of conversion
... C5H7NO2 + 5O2 → 5CO2 + NH3 + 2H2O + energy As an example, anaerobic digestion of waste involves a consortium of bacteria, which can be broadly divided into three main groups. Fermenting bacteria (also termed acidifying or acidogenic bacteria) These cause hydrolysis and acidogenesis of the substrate. ...
... C5H7NO2 + 5O2 → 5CO2 + NH3 + 2H2O + energy As an example, anaerobic digestion of waste involves a consortium of bacteria, which can be broadly divided into three main groups. Fermenting bacteria (also termed acidifying or acidogenic bacteria) These cause hydrolysis and acidogenesis of the substrate. ...
Phenylpropanoids
... constituted by dimers or higher oligomers of gallic acid (each single monomer is called galloyl) • Each HT molecule is usually composed of a core of D-glucose and 6 to 9 galloyl groups • In nature, there is abundance of mono and di-galloyl esters of glucose (MW about 900). They are not considered to ...
... constituted by dimers or higher oligomers of gallic acid (each single monomer is called galloyl) • Each HT molecule is usually composed of a core of D-glucose and 6 to 9 galloyl groups • In nature, there is abundance of mono and di-galloyl esters of glucose (MW about 900). They are not considered to ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.