2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... • Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. – Monomers are the individual subunits. – Polymers are made of many monomers. ...
... • Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. – Monomers are the individual subunits. – Polymers are made of many monomers. ...
Enzyme!
... they help • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
... they help • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
Review article: nature and properties of gastro
... Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. ...
... Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK. ...
Lecture #22 - Suraj @ LUMS
... Unlike foods, which require time for digestion, alcohol needs no digestion and is quickly absorbed. • Once alcohol reaches the stomach, it begins to break down with the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. • This process reduces the amount of alcohol entering the blood by approximately 20%. (Women produce ...
... Unlike foods, which require time for digestion, alcohol needs no digestion and is quickly absorbed. • Once alcohol reaches the stomach, it begins to break down with the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. • This process reduces the amount of alcohol entering the blood by approximately 20%. (Women produce ...
100 Pectin is a complex polysaccharide consisting mainly of
... sorghum stem, sunflower heads, fruit peels are used as substrate for microbes in submerged or solid state fermentation systems as increased level in the production of pectinases was noticed when the agro wastes were supplemented with additional carbon and nitrogen sources. ...
... sorghum stem, sunflower heads, fruit peels are used as substrate for microbes in submerged or solid state fermentation systems as increased level in the production of pectinases was noticed when the agro wastes were supplemented with additional carbon and nitrogen sources. ...
Powerpoint slides
... • Transcription of the mRNA that codes for the protein from DNA in the nucleus. • Export of the mRNA from the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope. • Translation of the mRNA on ribosomes on rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to make the protein. •The protein is threaded into the lumen of the ...
... • Transcription of the mRNA that codes for the protein from DNA in the nucleus. • Export of the mRNA from the nucleus through pores in the nuclear envelope. • Translation of the mRNA on ribosomes on rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) to make the protein. •The protein is threaded into the lumen of the ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
bme-biochem-5-1-atp-adp-cycle-kh-6
... HUMANS CONDUCT METABOLISM Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy from the environment. Metabolic processes are all the chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions: ...
... HUMANS CONDUCT METABOLISM Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy from the environment. Metabolic processes are all the chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions: ...
Birgitte K. Ahring, PhD. Laboratory, WSU-TC, Richland (www.tricity.wsu.edu/bsel)
... agricultural and forestry residues are waste from other primary production scheme, they need to be fully exploited in the biorefinery: Don’t waste waste! Full use of the raw material will further lower the cost of the bio-products produced and make biorefineries economically viable. Biomass conversi ...
... agricultural and forestry residues are waste from other primary production scheme, they need to be fully exploited in the biorefinery: Don’t waste waste! Full use of the raw material will further lower the cost of the bio-products produced and make biorefineries economically viable. Biomass conversi ...
Endocrinology – glucose homeostasis
... • Acts primarily on the liver, where it stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and thus increases hepatic glucose output. Glucagon also stimulates ketogenesis, providing an alternative fuel for those tissues that can use it and sparing glucose for those that cannot do without. • Also causes l ...
... • Acts primarily on the liver, where it stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and thus increases hepatic glucose output. Glucagon also stimulates ketogenesis, providing an alternative fuel for those tissues that can use it and sparing glucose for those that cannot do without. • Also causes l ...
Antioxidant Synergy in foods
... Fernández-Álvarez, Laura, et al. "Binary combinations of BHA and other natural and synthetic phenolics: Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant capacity." Food Control 42 (2014): 303-309. Hidalgo, Maria, Concepción Sánchez-Moreno, and Sonia de Pascual-Teresa. "Flavonoid– ...
... Fernández-Álvarez, Laura, et al. "Binary combinations of BHA and other natural and synthetic phenolics: Antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant capacity." Food Control 42 (2014): 303-309. Hidalgo, Maria, Concepción Sánchez-Moreno, and Sonia de Pascual-Teresa. "Flavonoid– ...
Lesson 4 - Emulsifiers
... Emulsifiers Practical An emulsifier is a substance that stabilises an emulsion (a mixture of one liquid dispersed in another.) Detergent, egg yolk and mustard are emulsifiers, the others are not. Students may observe colloidal mixtures in the other tubes, but they are not oil and water emulsions an ...
... Emulsifiers Practical An emulsifier is a substance that stabilises an emulsion (a mixture of one liquid dispersed in another.) Detergent, egg yolk and mustard are emulsifiers, the others are not. Students may observe colloidal mixtures in the other tubes, but they are not oil and water emulsions an ...
here - Sites@PSU
... • Limited capacity to synthesize amino acids, vitamins (esp. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus) – Lb. johnsonii can’t make any amino acids, for example ...
... • Limited capacity to synthesize amino acids, vitamins (esp. Lactobacillus, Lactococcus) – Lb. johnsonii can’t make any amino acids, for example ...
Enzymes - CEA Workshop Teacher Notes.pptx
... • When a molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image the molecule is described as chiral. • This situaJon occurs when a carbon atom is aUached to four different groups: ...
... • When a molecule cannot be superimposed on its mirror image the molecule is described as chiral. • This situaJon occurs when a carbon atom is aUached to four different groups: ...
Document
... – Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and usually three fatty acids – Vary in the length and number and locations of ...
... – Are constructed from two types of smaller molecules, a single glycerol and usually three fatty acids – Vary in the length and number and locations of ...
Research Applications Of Proteolytic Enzymes In Molecular Biology
... concentrations) can diffuse from the organic phase into the water until the equilibrium is reached; the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis is followed by the diffusion of the products back into the organic phase. The organic phase reduces the dielectric constant of the medium and thus the acidity of the car ...
... concentrations) can diffuse from the organic phase into the water until the equilibrium is reached; the enzyme-catalyzed synthesis is followed by the diffusion of the products back into the organic phase. The organic phase reduces the dielectric constant of the medium and thus the acidity of the car ...
Document
... Why does the citric acid cycle component from leucine supply more ATP than the intermediate from phenylalanine? ...
... Why does the citric acid cycle component from leucine supply more ATP than the intermediate from phenylalanine? ...
Amino Acid Catabolism
... Amino acids are either used as building blocks or burned for energy (~10% of our energy needs). Catabolism of amino acids increases for use in gluconeogenesis when glucose is unavailable (e.g., starvation/diabetes) when protein content of diet exceeds need for building blocks during times of ...
... Amino acids are either used as building blocks or burned for energy (~10% of our energy needs). Catabolism of amino acids increases for use in gluconeogenesis when glucose is unavailable (e.g., starvation/diabetes) when protein content of diet exceeds need for building blocks during times of ...
2 Pyruvic Acid
... During respiration electrons are removed from glucose and transported to the ETC by electron carriers. Energy from the electrons is used to synthesize ATP in the ETC. ...
... During respiration electrons are removed from glucose and transported to the ETC by electron carriers. Energy from the electrons is used to synthesize ATP in the ETC. ...
Organic Compounds Test ~Please DO NOT write on the test!~ 1
... B. multiple units of a macromolecules that are bonded together C. same as a molecule D. the entire structure of a macromolecule 10. A major characteristic that all lipids have in common is A. They all contain phosphorus B. They all contain nitrogen C. None of them are very high in energy content D. ...
... B. multiple units of a macromolecules that are bonded together C. same as a molecule D. the entire structure of a macromolecule 10. A major characteristic that all lipids have in common is A. They all contain phosphorus B. They all contain nitrogen C. None of them are very high in energy content D. ...
2 C
... cause cellular change and therefore regulate physiological function Define peptide This term typically refers to a protein composed of a single chain of amino acids folded up into a functional shape Ghrelin is a peptide hormone ...
... cause cellular change and therefore regulate physiological function Define peptide This term typically refers to a protein composed of a single chain of amino acids folded up into a functional shape Ghrelin is a peptide hormone ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.