fatty acids
... The electron-transport chain uses NADH and FADH2 to produce 34 ATP. This process requires O2, which combines with H+ to form H2O. ...
... The electron-transport chain uses NADH and FADH2 to produce 34 ATP. This process requires O2, which combines with H+ to form H2O. ...
Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
... ATP generation (with and without oxygen) all cells in the cytosol (the reducing equivalents are transferred to the electron-transport chain by the shuttle) ...
... ATP generation (with and without oxygen) all cells in the cytosol (the reducing equivalents are transferred to the electron-transport chain by the shuttle) ...
Summary and conclusions - Food Standards Australia New Zealand
... Soybean MON87751 contains two newly expressed proteins, Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. Mean levels of Cry1A.105 were highest in the R6 leaf (790 µg/g dry weight) and lowest in the roots and pollen where the level was below the limit of quantitation (LOQ). For Cry2Ab2, mean protein levels were highest in the ...
... Soybean MON87751 contains two newly expressed proteins, Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2. Mean levels of Cry1A.105 were highest in the R6 leaf (790 µg/g dry weight) and lowest in the roots and pollen where the level was below the limit of quantitation (LOQ). For Cry2Ab2, mean protein levels were highest in the ...
open access textbook of general surgery
... most western countries. Gastric ulcers are now more commonly seen in elderly patients and are often related to analgesic abuse. Types of gastric ulcers Traditionally there are three types of gastric ulcers, namely; prepyloric (<2 cm from the pylorus), combination of a duodenal and gastric ulcer (the ...
... most western countries. Gastric ulcers are now more commonly seen in elderly patients and are often related to analgesic abuse. Types of gastric ulcers Traditionally there are three types of gastric ulcers, namely; prepyloric (<2 cm from the pylorus), combination of a duodenal and gastric ulcer (the ...
The Carboxyl-Terminal Region of Protein C Is
... degraded intracellularly. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that truncation before D409 blocks the movement from rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. To understand the conformational change in the carboxyl-terminal region, two models of truncated activated protei ...
... degraded intracellularly. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that truncation before D409 blocks the movement from rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. To understand the conformational change in the carboxyl-terminal region, two models of truncated activated protei ...
Nutritional composition of Polyrhachis vicina Roger (Edible Chinese
... amino acids when they are unavailable from food, but essential amino acids can only be obtained from foods (Sizer and Whitney, 2000). The high scores of essential amino acids present in the ant implied that it has a high biological protein value. ...
... amino acids when they are unavailable from food, but essential amino acids can only be obtained from foods (Sizer and Whitney, 2000). The high scores of essential amino acids present in the ant implied that it has a high biological protein value. ...
2/12 Daily Catalyst Pg. 82 Fermentation
... These small molecules May come directly from food or through glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
... These small molecules May come directly from food or through glycolysis or the citric acid cycle ...
BCH 201 – GENERAL BIOCHEMISTRY 1 – (3 UNITS) DR
... Enzymes can be denatured and precipitated with salts, solvents and other reagents. They have molecular weights ranging from 10,000 to 2,000,000. Many enzymes require the presence of other compounds - cofactors - before their catalytic activity can be exerted. This entire active complex is referred ...
... Enzymes can be denatured and precipitated with salts, solvents and other reagents. They have molecular weights ranging from 10,000 to 2,000,000. Many enzymes require the presence of other compounds - cofactors - before their catalytic activity can be exerted. This entire active complex is referred ...
View/Open
... An attempt will be made to show the work that has been done to change the production of some fermented foods from traditional processes to large scale manufacturing where the microbial and nutritional quality of the product and the biochemical processes occurring during fermentation can be controlle ...
... An attempt will be made to show the work that has been done to change the production of some fermented foods from traditional processes to large scale manufacturing where the microbial and nutritional quality of the product and the biochemical processes occurring during fermentation can be controlle ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... – Some acetyl CoA serves as a starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis. • NAD+ is regenerated when NADH transfers its electrons to O2 in the electron transport chain. ...
... – Some acetyl CoA serves as a starting material for fatty acid biosynthesis. • NAD+ is regenerated when NADH transfers its electrons to O2 in the electron transport chain. ...
(enzyme).
... pectinase in making juice. You will investigate which enzyme or combination of enzymes will remove more juice during the process of making apple juice from applesauce . Once you complete the lab, you will evaluate which enzyme will be the most cost effective plan to use in juice production. ...
... pectinase in making juice. You will investigate which enzyme or combination of enzymes will remove more juice during the process of making apple juice from applesauce . Once you complete the lab, you will evaluate which enzyme will be the most cost effective plan to use in juice production. ...
Enzyme basic concepts, Enzyme Regulation IIII
... tyrosine) can affect significantly the conformation of a protein. At the same time, the phosphorylating enzyme(s) (kinases) are subjected to stringent regulation by “second messengers” in signal transduction pathways. The phosphate groups can be removed by ...
... tyrosine) can affect significantly the conformation of a protein. At the same time, the phosphorylating enzyme(s) (kinases) are subjected to stringent regulation by “second messengers” in signal transduction pathways. The phosphate groups can be removed by ...
Document
... Proteins perform biological functions such as structural support, catalysis of chemical reactions, immune response to foreign substances, transport of molecules across membranes, and control of genetic expression. The three-dimensional structure and function of a protein is determined by the sequenc ...
... Proteins perform biological functions such as structural support, catalysis of chemical reactions, immune response to foreign substances, transport of molecules across membranes, and control of genetic expression. The three-dimensional structure and function of a protein is determined by the sequenc ...
Microbial Production of Organic Acids
... **The breaking down of complex organic substances into simpler ones. Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases and/or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation. ...
... **The breaking down of complex organic substances into simpler ones. Fermentation is a metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases and/or alcohol. It occurs in yeast and bacteria, but also in oxygen-starved muscle cells, as in the case of lactic acid fermentation. ...
Glycolysis Quiz
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
... 7. Enzymes involved in the oxidation reduction of a substance can not operate without NAD+. What is NAD+ known as? (a) co-enzyme (b) co-factor (c) amino acid (d) protein ...
HuaLi (215-221) - Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
... α-linolenic acid with cardiovascular advantage. The high percentage of oleic acid can decrease low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) to high density lipoproteincholesterol ratio and so reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease7 and several cancers.8 Furthermore, the preferred ratio of n-6 to n ...
... α-linolenic acid with cardiovascular advantage. The high percentage of oleic acid can decrease low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) to high density lipoproteincholesterol ratio and so reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease7 and several cancers.8 Furthermore, the preferred ratio of n-6 to n ...
CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACIDS DECREASE PANCREATIC
... peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-g) expression (HurtCamejo et al. 2001; Greicius et al. 2004). PPAR-g possesses a large ligandbinding pocket; the ligands of PPAR-g include polyunsaturated fatty acids: 15-lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic aci ...
... peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-g) expression (HurtCamejo et al. 2001; Greicius et al. 2004). PPAR-g possesses a large ligandbinding pocket; the ligands of PPAR-g include polyunsaturated fatty acids: 15-lipoxygenase product of linoleic acid 9- and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic aci ...
Protein Catabolism
... Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The highly acidic environment of the stomach denatures proteins. Denatured proteins are susceptible to proteolytic digestion. The primary enzyme involved in proteolytic digestion is pepsin which catalyzes the nonspecific hydrolysis of peptide bonds at an opti ...
... Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The highly acidic environment of the stomach denatures proteins. Denatured proteins are susceptible to proteolytic digestion. The primary enzyme involved in proteolytic digestion is pepsin which catalyzes the nonspecific hydrolysis of peptide bonds at an opti ...
(Vitis vinifera L.) berries - Oxford Academic
... In contrast, SDS-PAGE analysis of the seeds showed major changes in polypeptide composition during development. In particular, several polypeptides of molecular mass 65, 55, 46, 33, and 23 kDa increased during development from undetectable amounts to become the major protein components of the seed ( ...
... In contrast, SDS-PAGE analysis of the seeds showed major changes in polypeptide composition during development. In particular, several polypeptides of molecular mass 65, 55, 46, 33, and 23 kDa increased during development from undetectable amounts to become the major protein components of the seed ( ...
6-APA - Teknologi Industri Pertanian
... Prevents moisture adsorption from the air, exhibits excellent mechanical compressing properties, does not interact with the active components, and its sweet cool taste masks the unpleasant taste of many drugs ...
... Prevents moisture adsorption from the air, exhibits excellent mechanical compressing properties, does not interact with the active components, and its sweet cool taste masks the unpleasant taste of many drugs ...
Health Promoting Foods - Dubai Nutrition Conference
... The process of making energy , your body also creates oxygen radicals that can damage the mitochondria’s energy centers as well as many cells and tissues , leading to reduced and inefficient energy production . But, the phytonutrients and other antioxidant ( such as vitamin A ,C , and E ) contained ...
... The process of making energy , your body also creates oxygen radicals that can damage the mitochondria’s energy centers as well as many cells and tissues , leading to reduced and inefficient energy production . But, the phytonutrients and other antioxidant ( such as vitamin A ,C , and E ) contained ...
Microbial fermentation (Enzymology,metabolic pathways and
... SSF process can be defined as microbial growth on particles without presence of free water. ...
... SSF process can be defined as microbial growth on particles without presence of free water. ...
Type 2 Diabetes
... The renal threshold for glucose is 180 mg% i.e. if the plasma glucose value is raised above 180 mg%, glucose will start appearing in urine (glycosuria). Thus, as glucose is lost in the urine, it takes along with it water (osmotic diuresis) leading to increased urination (polyuria). Since lot of wate ...
... The renal threshold for glucose is 180 mg% i.e. if the plasma glucose value is raised above 180 mg%, glucose will start appearing in urine (glycosuria). Thus, as glucose is lost in the urine, it takes along with it water (osmotic diuresis) leading to increased urination (polyuria). Since lot of wate ...
Metabolism Stages Figure
... The Three Stages of Catabolism Stage I: Hydrolysis of Macromolecules into Building Blocks ...
... The Three Stages of Catabolism Stage I: Hydrolysis of Macromolecules into Building Blocks ...
ICBEnzyEvol
... Generating the nucleotide sequences from the amino acid sequences is a concept of reverse process. For a particular amino acid sequences, there can be numerous nucleotide sequences for all the possible combination of codons. But generation of all sequences is infeasible because of very large time an ...
... Generating the nucleotide sequences from the amino acid sequences is a concept of reverse process. For a particular amino acid sequences, there can be numerous nucleotide sequences for all the possible combination of codons. But generation of all sequences is infeasible because of very large time an ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.