Organic chemistry and Biological chemistry for Health Sciences
... The liver makes fatty acids and then triacylglycerol from carbohydrates. Lipids made in the liver are endogenous lipids. Three similar lipoprotein complexes are used to transport endogenous lipids in the bloodstream, namely very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) ...
... The liver makes fatty acids and then triacylglycerol from carbohydrates. Lipids made in the liver are endogenous lipids. Three similar lipoprotein complexes are used to transport endogenous lipids in the bloodstream, namely very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) ...
Amino Acid Composition of Enzymatically Hydrolysed Potato Protein
... substrate degradation (mainly to oligopeptides and free amino acids). Furthermore, the globular structure of the major proteins of PPI was found to be an important limitation of the proteolytic enzymes activity. However, the use of Alcalase facilitated the action of Flavourzyme in the second stage o ...
... substrate degradation (mainly to oligopeptides and free amino acids). Furthermore, the globular structure of the major proteins of PPI was found to be an important limitation of the proteolytic enzymes activity. However, the use of Alcalase facilitated the action of Flavourzyme in the second stage o ...
Diapositive 1
... The ability to metabolize ethanolamine confers a growth advantage to EDL933 in the bovine intestinal content ...
... The ability to metabolize ethanolamine confers a growth advantage to EDL933 in the bovine intestinal content ...
Clinical Applications of Enzymes
... should be avoided Anticoagulants shouldn't inhibit the assays Hemolysis should be avoided in order not to release enzymes of the blood cells ...
... should be avoided Anticoagulants shouldn't inhibit the assays Hemolysis should be avoided in order not to release enzymes of the blood cells ...
Amino Acids in Dairy Nutrition – Where Do They Fit?
... The basics of balancing for amino acids. The concept underlying amino acid balancing is straightforward and is simply a comparison of amino acid flow to the small intestine compared with amino acid requirements for synthesis of milk and tissue. The amino acid makeup of tissue and milk protein is enc ...
... The basics of balancing for amino acids. The concept underlying amino acid balancing is straightforward and is simply a comparison of amino acid flow to the small intestine compared with amino acid requirements for synthesis of milk and tissue. The amino acid makeup of tissue and milk protein is enc ...
The Lactic Acid System
... Many think that lactic acid or lactate cause muscle stiffness and limit performance in running events. Neither is correct. Perhaps the most widely believed myth is that an accumulation of lactic acid or lactic acid crystals or lactate is the cause of the stiffness felt after a marathon or long run. ...
... Many think that lactic acid or lactate cause muscle stiffness and limit performance in running events. Neither is correct. Perhaps the most widely believed myth is that an accumulation of lactic acid or lactic acid crystals or lactate is the cause of the stiffness felt after a marathon or long run. ...
Carbohydrate
... What are type 1 and type 2 diabetes Type 2diabetes is the most common form, it appears most often in middle-aged adults however, adolescents and young adults are developing type 2 diabetes at an alarming rate. It develops when the body doesn't make enough insulin and doesn’t efficiently use the insu ...
... What are type 1 and type 2 diabetes Type 2diabetes is the most common form, it appears most often in middle-aged adults however, adolescents and young adults are developing type 2 diabetes at an alarming rate. It develops when the body doesn't make enough insulin and doesn’t efficiently use the insu ...
respiration in plants
... The complete combustion of glucose, which produces CO2 and H 2O as end products, yields energy most of which is given out as heat. C6 H12O 6 + 6O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6H 2O + Energy If this energy is to be useful to the cell, it should be able to utilise it to synthesise other molecules that the cell requ ...
... The complete combustion of glucose, which produces CO2 and H 2O as end products, yields energy most of which is given out as heat. C6 H12O 6 + 6O 2 → 6 CO 2 + 6H 2O + Energy If this energy is to be useful to the cell, it should be able to utilise it to synthesise other molecules that the cell requ ...
Metabolism
... طب االسنان i.e. triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. Glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis. The pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, which is the starting material for the synthesis of fatty acids. This synthesis occurs in the liver followed by conversion of the fatty acids to triglyce ...
... طب االسنان i.e. triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. Glucose is converted to pyruvate by glycolysis. The pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, which is the starting material for the synthesis of fatty acids. This synthesis occurs in the liver followed by conversion of the fatty acids to triglyce ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules TEKS 9A
... • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
effect of glucose concentration in the growth medium upon neutral
... increase in the proportions of acetic and butyric acids and of ethanol and butan-1-01. Acetic and butyric acids can both arise from catabolism of histidine or cysteine (Loesche and Gibbons, 1968), threonine (Elsden and Hilton, 1978), aspartate or lysine (Stadtman, 1963) or glutamate (Buckel and Bark ...
... increase in the proportions of acetic and butyric acids and of ethanol and butan-1-01. Acetic and butyric acids can both arise from catabolism of histidine or cysteine (Loesche and Gibbons, 1968), threonine (Elsden and Hilton, 1978), aspartate or lysine (Stadtman, 1963) or glutamate (Buckel and Bark ...
Amino_Acids_and_Protein_Background_Info_
... acid will lower the pH of the white and makes it foam faster. Beat until foamy to start to denature the egg white protein. Slowly add sugar and beat until peaks form. The sugar makes the foam more stable. Spread the meringue over filling, sealing the meringue to the edge of the pastry if making a pi ...
... acid will lower the pH of the white and makes it foam faster. Beat until foamy to start to denature the egg white protein. Slowly add sugar and beat until peaks form. The sugar makes the foam more stable. Spread the meringue over filling, sealing the meringue to the edge of the pastry if making a pi ...
effect of glucose concentration in the growth medium upon neutral
... increase in the proportions of acetic and butyric acids and of ethanol and butan-1-01. Acetic and butyric acids can both arise from catabolism of histidine or cysteine (Loesche and Gibbons, 1968), threonine (Elsden and Hilton, 1978), aspartate or lysine (Stadtman, 1963) or glutamate (Buckel and Bark ...
... increase in the proportions of acetic and butyric acids and of ethanol and butan-1-01. Acetic and butyric acids can both arise from catabolism of histidine or cysteine (Loesche and Gibbons, 1968), threonine (Elsden and Hilton, 1978), aspartate or lysine (Stadtman, 1963) or glutamate (Buckel and Bark ...
Chapter Twenty Three
... ► Carbohydrate digestion, the hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides, begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine. The products that enter the bloodstream from the small intestine are monosaccharides— mainly glucose, fructose, and galactose. ► Glucose is converted t ...
... ► Carbohydrate digestion, the hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides, begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and small intestine. The products that enter the bloodstream from the small intestine are monosaccharides— mainly glucose, fructose, and galactose. ► Glucose is converted t ...
The Acid End-products of Glucose Metabolism of Oral
... in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate. It could be that the other strains were impermeable to 2oxoglutarate but the enzyme assays and the results of the experiment with radioactively labelled substrates suggest this is due to an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle. The probable pathway in haemophili is ...
... in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate. It could be that the other strains were impermeable to 2oxoglutarate but the enzyme assays and the results of the experiment with radioactively labelled substrates suggest this is due to an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle. The probable pathway in haemophili is ...
Intestinal Dysbiosis: What Is It? By Larry Newman Chief Operating
... Another product useful in intestinal dysbiosis is Saccharomyces boullardii. Though often called a probiotic and usually classified as one, Saccharomyces boullardii is actually a strain of non-colonizing, non-pathogenic yeast related to baker’s yeast. This special strain of yeast has the unique prope ...
... Another product useful in intestinal dysbiosis is Saccharomyces boullardii. Though often called a probiotic and usually classified as one, Saccharomyces boullardii is actually a strain of non-colonizing, non-pathogenic yeast related to baker’s yeast. This special strain of yeast has the unique prope ...
Biochemistry Key Answers
... April-2001 1. Describe the chemistry, sources, daily requirement and biochemical role of cholecalciferol. 2. Write short notes on: (a) Absorption of lipids. (b) Line weaver – Bunk plot. (c) Name the four protolipid complexes of respiratory chain, with their components. (d) Name three function tests ...
... April-2001 1. Describe the chemistry, sources, daily requirement and biochemical role of cholecalciferol. 2. Write short notes on: (a) Absorption of lipids. (b) Line weaver – Bunk plot. (c) Name the four protolipid complexes of respiratory chain, with their components. (d) Name three function tests ...
In the light of the haloarchaea metabolism
... nucleic acids. The reactions performed in different ways to allow the conversion of chemical species into other compounds, make up the biological metabolic pathways which are not well known in halophilic archaea. Using Haloferax mediterranei, Haloferax volcanii and Halobacterium salinarum as haloarc ...
... nucleic acids. The reactions performed in different ways to allow the conversion of chemical species into other compounds, make up the biological metabolic pathways which are not well known in halophilic archaea. Using Haloferax mediterranei, Haloferax volcanii and Halobacterium salinarum as haloarc ...
discovery of new enzymes in extreme environments through
... – Enzymes isolated from organisms inhabiting unconventional ecosystems (Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 Jul;13(7):662-8) Extremozymes expand the limits of biocatalysis – The information acquired from the study of extremozymes makes it possible to modify enzymes to improve their ranges of stability and act ...
... – Enzymes isolated from organisms inhabiting unconventional ecosystems (Biotechnology (N Y). 1995 Jul;13(7):662-8) Extremozymes expand the limits of biocatalysis – The information acquired from the study of extremozymes makes it possible to modify enzymes to improve their ranges of stability and act ...
Principles+of+Drug+Action
... unionized, and fat soluble! In the blood, caffeine will be even more unionized and fat soluble: pH – pKa = 7.5 – 0.5 = 7, ratio = 107/1= 10,000,000/1. Caffeine is a 600 pound gorilla. ...
... unionized, and fat soluble! In the blood, caffeine will be even more unionized and fat soluble: pH – pKa = 7.5 – 0.5 = 7, ratio = 107/1= 10,000,000/1. Caffeine is a 600 pound gorilla. ...
Chapter 9
... 1. Synthesized by most mammals from methionine and cysteine 2. It is indispensable for cat only. 3. a amino sulfonic acid, occurs as a free amino acid. is not present in protein 4. develop degeneration of retina of the eye.(myocardium and retina contain high concentration of free taurine) 5. Taurine ...
... 1. Synthesized by most mammals from methionine and cysteine 2. It is indispensable for cat only. 3. a amino sulfonic acid, occurs as a free amino acid. is not present in protein 4. develop degeneration of retina of the eye.(myocardium and retina contain high concentration of free taurine) 5. Taurine ...
Chapter Outline
... 5. Glucose is a high-energy molecule; CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules; cellular respiration is thus exergonic because it releases energy. 6. Electrons are removed from substrates and received by oxygen, which combines with H + to become water. 7. Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced. 8. The re ...
... 5. Glucose is a high-energy molecule; CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules; cellular respiration is thus exergonic because it releases energy. 6. Electrons are removed from substrates and received by oxygen, which combines with H + to become water. 7. Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced. 8. The re ...
Answers - U of L Class Index
... The coenzyme FAD accepts hydrogen when a dehydrogenase forms a carbon-carbon double bond. ...
... The coenzyme FAD accepts hydrogen when a dehydrogenase forms a carbon-carbon double bond. ...
SEPARATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANES OF
... Appearance of BI fraction (Fig . 4 a) and B2 fraction (Fig . 4 b) after 5 min digitonin treatmg digitonin/10 mg mitochondrial protein) . The B2 fraction contains large, single membranebounded vesicles, but no intact mitochondria . Electron-opaque material is seen inside the membranes . The BI vesicl ...
... Appearance of BI fraction (Fig . 4 a) and B2 fraction (Fig . 4 b) after 5 min digitonin treatmg digitonin/10 mg mitochondrial protein) . The B2 fraction contains large, single membranebounded vesicles, but no intact mitochondria . Electron-opaque material is seen inside the membranes . The BI vesicl ...
Enhancing the Six Phase II Detoxification
... I toxic metabolites is to convert them into water-soluble forms and make them easier to transport, more stable and more functional for the body to excrete. Once the toxic metabolites are conjugated by Phase II substances, Phase III molecules transport the stable toxins out of the body through the ur ...
... I toxic metabolites is to convert them into water-soluble forms and make them easier to transport, more stable and more functional for the body to excrete. Once the toxic metabolites are conjugated by Phase II substances, Phase III molecules transport the stable toxins out of the body through the ur ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.