ch.6
... charges, size and solubility of molecules Electrophoresis – effects separation in an electric field on the basis of differences in charges carried by amino acids and proteins under specific condition Ultracentrifugation – effects separation on the basis of molecular weight when large gravitational f ...
... charges, size and solubility of molecules Electrophoresis – effects separation in an electric field on the basis of differences in charges carried by amino acids and proteins under specific condition Ultracentrifugation – effects separation on the basis of molecular weight when large gravitational f ...
1. Sucrose is a disaccharide. The diagram shows the structure of a
... the term used to refer to the sequence of amino acids which makes up a particular protein. These amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. The side-chains or R-groups of different amino acids may form chemical bonds with each other. It is these bonds which allow the formation of protein molecules wit ...
... the term used to refer to the sequence of amino acids which makes up a particular protein. These amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. The side-chains or R-groups of different amino acids may form chemical bonds with each other. It is these bonds which allow the formation of protein molecules wit ...
BioN04 Enzymes 2015 v2
... of a phosphate group by enzymes may activate or inactivate proteins like other enzymes ...
... of a phosphate group by enzymes may activate or inactivate proteins like other enzymes ...
Document
... Some enzymes are initially produced in an inactive form - zymogen. A portion of the protein chain must be removed to make it active - proteolytic cleavage. This is irreversible. ...
... Some enzymes are initially produced in an inactive form - zymogen. A portion of the protein chain must be removed to make it active - proteolytic cleavage. This is irreversible. ...
01_Introduction. Structure, properties and biological functions
... Koshland theory (induced-fit model) The process of substrate binding induces specific conformational changes in the the active site region ...
... Koshland theory (induced-fit model) The process of substrate binding induces specific conformational changes in the the active site region ...
Evidence of cytotoxic activity against mammalian red blood cell of
... Moreover, molecules with variable functions are found in animals including vertebrate could also take advantage of the multi-functionality of some of their bioactive molecules (Ovchinnikova et al., 2006; Peigneur et al., 2011; Trapani et al., 2014). The unique feature of a multiple role within one m ...
... Moreover, molecules with variable functions are found in animals including vertebrate could also take advantage of the multi-functionality of some of their bioactive molecules (Ovchinnikova et al., 2006; Peigneur et al., 2011; Trapani et al., 2014). The unique feature of a multiple role within one m ...
Chapter 11 Vitamins and proteins
... Our bodies rely on proteins as essential building blocks of an enormous number of compounds. They are the raw materials for growth and repair of cells and, if required, energy. The thousands of proteins in our body are polymers made up of just 20 different amino acids. This chapter examines the prop ...
... Our bodies rely on proteins as essential building blocks of an enormous number of compounds. They are the raw materials for growth and repair of cells and, if required, energy. The thousands of proteins in our body are polymers made up of just 20 different amino acids. This chapter examines the prop ...
Lecture 6 and 7
... Internal standard to make sure that abundance is normalised and variation Is due to biological variation rather than gel-to-gel variation Oct 2011 SDMBT ...
... Internal standard to make sure that abundance is normalised and variation Is due to biological variation rather than gel-to-gel variation Oct 2011 SDMBT ...
POULTRY BREEDING
... - achieve and maintain anaerobic conditions, - exclude aerobic microbes, - develop lactic acid bacteria. ...
... - achieve and maintain anaerobic conditions, - exclude aerobic microbes, - develop lactic acid bacteria. ...
ILA: DIABETES
... • Although the blood glucose level is high but glucose is not taken up by the cells due to insulin deficiency therefore the cells are starved • The patient will take more food (polyphagia) to compensate for the loss of glucose and also loss of protein ...
... • Although the blood glucose level is high but glucose is not taken up by the cells due to insulin deficiency therefore the cells are starved • The patient will take more food (polyphagia) to compensate for the loss of glucose and also loss of protein ...
NH 2
... ( ―N+H3 is a weaker acid ) - All aa is affected by pH: The net charge on the molecule in solution is affected by pH of their surrounding and can become more positively or negatively charged due to gain or the loss of protons (H+) respectively. eg. At pH~2.0 the amino group will be as –NH3+, the carb ...
... ( ―N+H3 is a weaker acid ) - All aa is affected by pH: The net charge on the molecule in solution is affected by pH of their surrounding and can become more positively or negatively charged due to gain or the loss of protons (H+) respectively. eg. At pH~2.0 the amino group will be as –NH3+, the carb ...
Caprotein by Mt. Capra Premium Goat
... beneficial microorganisms they contain. These living organisms contain something called “probiotics,” which, by definition, are living, direct-fed microbials (DFMs) that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. The normal human gastrointestinal tract contains hundreds of differen ...
... beneficial microorganisms they contain. These living organisms contain something called “probiotics,” which, by definition, are living, direct-fed microbials (DFMs) that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines. The normal human gastrointestinal tract contains hundreds of differen ...
Enzymes
... 1) They are proteins - so they are made up of? ____ Amino acids!! 2) They may have a non-protein coat called a co-enzyme The coenzyme helps the enzyme function properly and without it, some enzymes may not be able to function at all. Vitamins act as coenzymes. 3) Enzymes have an active site. This is ...
... 1) They are proteins - so they are made up of? ____ Amino acids!! 2) They may have a non-protein coat called a co-enzyme The coenzyme helps the enzyme function properly and without it, some enzymes may not be able to function at all. Vitamins act as coenzymes. 3) Enzymes have an active site. This is ...
1 - u.arizona.edu
... - insulin receptor inactivated excess GLUT-4 returns to Golgi - Liver doesn’t promote transport of glucose into hepatocytes (no transporters stored in Golgi) - Liver uses GLUT-2 transporter high capacity to handle increased blood [glucose] after a meal - Insulin indirectly enhanced net inward fl ...
... - insulin receptor inactivated excess GLUT-4 returns to Golgi - Liver doesn’t promote transport of glucose into hepatocytes (no transporters stored in Golgi) - Liver uses GLUT-2 transporter high capacity to handle increased blood [glucose] after a meal - Insulin indirectly enhanced net inward fl ...
Chymotrypsin is a Serine Protease
... • Correct positioning of two reacting groups (in model reactions or at enzyme active sites): (1) Reduces their degrees of freedom (2) Results in a large loss of entropy (3) The relative enhanced concentration of substrates (“effective molarity”) predicts the rate acceleration expected due to this ef ...
... • Correct positioning of two reacting groups (in model reactions or at enzyme active sites): (1) Reduces their degrees of freedom (2) Results in a large loss of entropy (3) The relative enhanced concentration of substrates (“effective molarity”) predicts the rate acceleration expected due to this ef ...
Chapter 17 End?of?Chapter Problems Key
... Fat – glycerol and fatty acids 23. Describe how the digestion of protein molecules is facilitated by conditions in the stomach. (Obj #21) The acidic conditions in the stomach weaken the links between amino acids that hold the protein molecules in their tertiary structure. When the tertiary structure ...
... Fat – glycerol and fatty acids 23. Describe how the digestion of protein molecules is facilitated by conditions in the stomach. (Obj #21) The acidic conditions in the stomach weaken the links between amino acids that hold the protein molecules in their tertiary structure. When the tertiary structure ...
Chapter 8- An Introduction to Microbial Metabolism
... electrons and a proton (see glycolysis summary equation). There must be a way to oxidize NADH back to NAD+. In aerobic organisms the NAD+ is regenerated when NADH delivers the H+ and electrons to the electron transport chain. Remember, regardless of the organism, they all use glycolysis as the start ...
... electrons and a proton (see glycolysis summary equation). There must be a way to oxidize NADH back to NAD+. In aerobic organisms the NAD+ is regenerated when NADH delivers the H+ and electrons to the electron transport chain. Remember, regardless of the organism, they all use glycolysis as the start ...
What limits the liver`s capacity to convert amino acids to glucose?
... of the various muscle proteins are not static, but are determined by the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. Amino acids are either taken up by or released from muscle tissue according to the body's hormone balance. This is where cortisol comes into the picture. Cortisol acts at the mu ...
... of the various muscle proteins are not static, but are determined by the balance between anabolic and catabolic processes. Amino acids are either taken up by or released from muscle tissue according to the body's hormone balance. This is where cortisol comes into the picture. Cortisol acts at the mu ...
Document
... are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... are chemically altered and then used in the Krebs cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the Krebs cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Supplements for Weight Loss Lecture 24 1
... concentrations for non-diabetics and inconclusive results in diabetics. • This study was challenged by Kalman in 2003 that it did not include some significant positive findings. In addition, chromium (III) piccolinate may cause DNA mutations. It has also been associated with decreased iron transport ...
... concentrations for non-diabetics and inconclusive results in diabetics. • This study was challenged by Kalman in 2003 that it did not include some significant positive findings. In addition, chromium (III) piccolinate may cause DNA mutations. It has also been associated with decreased iron transport ...
High carbohydrate diet : which reduces gluconeogenesis by
... The principle organs involved in gluconeogenesis are liver and kidneys, as they possess the full complement of enzymes necessary for gluconeogenesis. ...
... The principle organs involved in gluconeogenesis are liver and kidneys, as they possess the full complement of enzymes necessary for gluconeogenesis. ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.