Lecture Notes BS1090
... cAMP was the first example of a second messenger to be discovered. Second messengers carry hormonal signals inside cells when the hormone itself (the first messenger) is unable to cross the plasma membrane. (396) Formation of cAMP- a second messenger (Fig 21.14) cAMP is formed as the result of bindi ...
... cAMP was the first example of a second messenger to be discovered. Second messengers carry hormonal signals inside cells when the hormone itself (the first messenger) is unable to cross the plasma membrane. (396) Formation of cAMP- a second messenger (Fig 21.14) cAMP is formed as the result of bindi ...
BIOTRANSFORMATION PHASE I Phase II
... Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (aminobenzotriazole – inhibits synthesis of cytP450) ...
... Inhibition of cytochrome P450 (aminobenzotriazole – inhibits synthesis of cytP450) ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, which secretes gastric juice—a unique solution containing hydrochloric acid and the proenzyme, pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid: Stomach acid is too dilute (pH 2–3) to hydrolyze proteins. The acid functions instead to kill some bacteria and to denatu ...
... The digestion of proteins begins in the stomach, which secretes gastric juice—a unique solution containing hydrochloric acid and the proenzyme, pepsinogen. Hydrochloric acid: Stomach acid is too dilute (pH 2–3) to hydrolyze proteins. The acid functions instead to kill some bacteria and to denatu ...
Dental Caries - TOP Recommended Websites
... infectivity" which would open after about two years. ...
... infectivity" which would open after about two years. ...
Amino acid sequence of PR-39
... Purified PR-39 was assayed for antibacterial activity against six Gram-negative and four Gram-positive strains of bacteria. Table 3 shows that lethal concentrations of 0.3 pM were obtained, both with E. coli K12 and a pig pathogenic strain of the same bacterium. This is also the activity previously ...
... Purified PR-39 was assayed for antibacterial activity against six Gram-negative and four Gram-positive strains of bacteria. Table 3 shows that lethal concentrations of 0.3 pM were obtained, both with E. coli K12 and a pig pathogenic strain of the same bacterium. This is also the activity previously ...
Water soluble Vit. Vit C: (Ascorbic Acid)
... A derivatives of folic acid is called folinic acid (5,6,7,8, tetrahydrofolate) (THF) is much more active than folic acid in stimulating erythrocyte formation. The conversion of folic acid to its active form folinic acid is catalysed by folinic ...
... A derivatives of folic acid is called folinic acid (5,6,7,8, tetrahydrofolate) (THF) is much more active than folic acid in stimulating erythrocyte formation. The conversion of folic acid to its active form folinic acid is catalysed by folinic ...
Metabolic Pathways
... • Enzymes are globular proteins • They possess a small region called the active site where the reaction occurs • Enzymes are specific in the reaction that they catalyse • Enzymes are only required in small amounts and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction ...
... • Enzymes are globular proteins • They possess a small region called the active site where the reaction occurs • Enzymes are specific in the reaction that they catalyse • Enzymes are only required in small amounts and remain unchanged at the end of the reaction ...
Ideas on Cell Respiration Demos
... fashion a 3-dimensional model of meiosis which was movable through the phases. They came up with excellent clever models that I wouldn't have thought of myself. They used snaps, velcro, felt, shoeboxes, aluminum pie plates, beads, and many other props. They had to present and explain each model to t ...
... fashion a 3-dimensional model of meiosis which was movable through the phases. They came up with excellent clever models that I wouldn't have thought of myself. They used snaps, velcro, felt, shoeboxes, aluminum pie plates, beads, and many other props. They had to present and explain each model to t ...
EOC _SLE_ Review Worksheet
... MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways. (HINT: Make a table to show similarities and differences between the 2 processes including such things as reactants, products, energy required &/or produced, where occurs, etc.) ...
... MC.3.B.5 Compare and contrast cellular respiration and photosynthesis as energy conversion pathways. (HINT: Make a table to show similarities and differences between the 2 processes including such things as reactants, products, energy required &/or produced, where occurs, etc.) ...
Concept 3.1 Nucleic Acids Are Informational
... to Speed up Biochemical Reactions • An exergonic reaction releases free energy (G), the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work. • Without a catalyst, the reaction will be very slow because there is an energy barrier between reactants and products. • An input of energy initiates th ...
... to Speed up Biochemical Reactions • An exergonic reaction releases free energy (G), the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work. • Without a catalyst, the reaction will be very slow because there is an energy barrier between reactants and products. • An input of energy initiates th ...
Macromolecules Biological Molecules Macromolecules
... Proteins: Environmental conditions affect protein structure Some Conditions can not break covalent bonds, but can upset the weaker noncovalent interactions that determine secondary and tertiary structure, may affect a protein's shape and thus its function Denaturation Couses: Increases in tempe ...
... Proteins: Environmental conditions affect protein structure Some Conditions can not break covalent bonds, but can upset the weaker noncovalent interactions that determine secondary and tertiary structure, may affect a protein's shape and thus its function Denaturation Couses: Increases in tempe ...
Full Text
... quantities of carbon dioxide from the environment through photosynthesis.8,9 This report identifies the biosynthetic precursors for the roseobacticides, which turn out to be hybrid molecules composed of fragments contributed by both the algae and the bacteria. Recent studies by several research group ...
... quantities of carbon dioxide from the environment through photosynthesis.8,9 This report identifies the biosynthetic precursors for the roseobacticides, which turn out to be hybrid molecules composed of fragments contributed by both the algae and the bacteria. Recent studies by several research group ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration 4: Respiration • Before food can be used to perform work, its energy must be released through the process of respiration. • Two main types of respiration exist in living things. Both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis: a process by which one glucose molecule is broken down into ...
... Cellular Respiration 4: Respiration • Before food can be used to perform work, its energy must be released through the process of respiration. • Two main types of respiration exist in living things. Both begin with glycolysis. Glycolysis: a process by which one glucose molecule is broken down into ...
Phenyllactic Acid: A Potential Antimicrobial Compound in Lactic acid
... et al. [4] in Geotrichum candidum [4]. They purified PhLA from cultural broth of Geotrichum candidum was found to show antiListeria activity. They also found that D-PhLA exhibited more antiListeria activity than L-PhLA. PhLA was also found to inhibit Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and this ...
... et al. [4] in Geotrichum candidum [4]. They purified PhLA from cultural broth of Geotrichum candidum was found to show antiListeria activity. They also found that D-PhLA exhibited more antiListeria activity than L-PhLA. PhLA was also found to inhibit Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and this ...
Untapped health promoting potentials of indigenous
... - Fermented animal proteins e.g nono, yoghurt Fermented cereal products are very common parts of African ...
... - Fermented animal proteins e.g nono, yoghurt Fermented cereal products are very common parts of African ...
Fatty acid synthesis
... acetyl CoA carboxylase 7 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP + 7 CO2 + 7 H2O → 7 malonyl-CoA + 7 H+ + 7 ADP + 7 Pi ...
... acetyl CoA carboxylase 7 acetyl-CoA + 7 ATP + 7 CO2 + 7 H2O → 7 malonyl-CoA + 7 H+ + 7 ADP + 7 Pi ...
Developmental Analysis of a Putative ATP/ADP Carrier Protein
... Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase, another peroxisomal membrane protein, was mainly detected in the alkali-soluble fraction (lane 4). These results indicated that PMP38 is a glyoxysomal integral membrane protein. This is also supported by the hydropathy plot that shows six-transmembrane domains (Fig. ...
... Peroxisomal ascorbate peroxidase, another peroxisomal membrane protein, was mainly detected in the alkali-soluble fraction (lane 4). These results indicated that PMP38 is a glyoxysomal integral membrane protein. This is also supported by the hydropathy plot that shows six-transmembrane domains (Fig. ...
nutritive value of three potential complementary foods based on
... micronutrient content of plant-based diets as reported by other researchers [5, 6, 7]. Amino acid content of complementary foods is a particular relevant issue in infant feeding, where Protein-Energy-Malnutrition (PEM) has continued to pose challenges in the research area. This, according to other r ...
... micronutrient content of plant-based diets as reported by other researchers [5, 6, 7]. Amino acid content of complementary foods is a particular relevant issue in infant feeding, where Protein-Energy-Malnutrition (PEM) has continued to pose challenges in the research area. This, according to other r ...
L11 Biochem alterations postharv storage - e
... Starch is the major storage form of carbohydrates. During ripening, starch is catabolized into glucose and fructose, which enters the metabolic pool where they are used as respiratory substrates or further converted to other metabolites. In fruits such as banana and mango the breakdown of starch int ...
... Starch is the major storage form of carbohydrates. During ripening, starch is catabolized into glucose and fructose, which enters the metabolic pool where they are used as respiratory substrates or further converted to other metabolites. In fruits such as banana and mango the breakdown of starch int ...
Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the
... clearly depends on the amount of carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine, which in many species is not the same as the amount of carbohydrates ingested. Herbivores have a diet that is rich in cellulose, but microbial action in the intestine converts this carbohydrate to acetate, butyrate and propi ...
... clearly depends on the amount of carbohydrates absorbed from the intestine, which in many species is not the same as the amount of carbohydrates ingested. Herbivores have a diet that is rich in cellulose, but microbial action in the intestine converts this carbohydrate to acetate, butyrate and propi ...
Guidelines for the Safety Assessment of Foods Derived
... also provides further basis for reviewing the safety evaluation parameters as and when further information becomes available. In India, the manufacture, import, use, research and release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as products made by the use of such organisms are governed by th ...
... also provides further basis for reviewing the safety evaluation parameters as and when further information becomes available. In India, the manufacture, import, use, research and release of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) as well as products made by the use of such organisms are governed by th ...
Dysglycemia refers to any disorders in serum (blood) glucose
... Diet is the most critical factor in treating dysglycemia. All forms of dysglycemics must eat a healthy breakfast, with lean meats, vegetables and legumes. A protein dominant diet will ensure a slow steady supply of glucose that avoids surges in hormones and glucose. If a person exhibits fatigue aft ...
... Diet is the most critical factor in treating dysglycemia. All forms of dysglycemics must eat a healthy breakfast, with lean meats, vegetables and legumes. A protein dominant diet will ensure a slow steady supply of glucose that avoids surges in hormones and glucose. If a person exhibits fatigue aft ...
Plasma Enzymes
... comparison to tissues No known functions Their substrates are absent from the blood Different organs e.g. liver, heart, brain and skeletal muscles Different enzymes increase in different organ diseases ALT, AST, CK, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and amylase, ...
... comparison to tissues No known functions Their substrates are absent from the blood Different organs e.g. liver, heart, brain and skeletal muscles Different enzymes increase in different organ diseases ALT, AST, CK, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and amylase, ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.