insulin resistance
... glycogen (glycogenesis), to pyruvic acid (glycolysis), suppresses gluconeogenesis. Also promotes synthesis of nucleic acid, fatty acids and protein. Net effect of reducing blood glucose • Hypothesized increase in glucagon secretion and activity: stimulates glucose production (glygenolysis, gluconeog ...
... glycogen (glycogenesis), to pyruvic acid (glycolysis), suppresses gluconeogenesis. Also promotes synthesis of nucleic acid, fatty acids and protein. Net effect of reducing blood glucose • Hypothesized increase in glucagon secretion and activity: stimulates glucose production (glygenolysis, gluconeog ...
2014 Cellular Respiration ppt
... 2a. When oxygen is present, pyruvate & NADH are used to make 36 more ATP. Takes place in the Mitochondria. The pyruvate goes thru the Kreb’s Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain to produce the ATP and give off water and carbon dioxide as a waste. ...
... 2a. When oxygen is present, pyruvate & NADH are used to make 36 more ATP. Takes place in the Mitochondria. The pyruvate goes thru the Kreb’s Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain to produce the ATP and give off water and carbon dioxide as a waste. ...
PDF The 4 Best Foods to Eat Before Bed
... » form our cell membranes » form our brains and nervous systems » help transport fat-soluble vitamins » provide essential fatty acids that the body can’t make Fats will not negatively affect your blood sugar or insulin levels. Rather, the combination of high protein and some good fats may actually h ...
... » form our cell membranes » form our brains and nervous systems » help transport fat-soluble vitamins » provide essential fatty acids that the body can’t make Fats will not negatively affect your blood sugar or insulin levels. Rather, the combination of high protein and some good fats may actually h ...
Spatial and temporal expression pattern of a novel gene in the frog
... little or no expression was found in other organs analyzed. Under the PCR conditions, we failed to obtain a signal from the internal control gene rpl8, from the adult skin RNA, likely due to some contaminant inhibiting the PCR. Thus, we used less RNA and a higher PCR cycle number to analyze the expr ...
... little or no expression was found in other organs analyzed. Under the PCR conditions, we failed to obtain a signal from the internal control gene rpl8, from the adult skin RNA, likely due to some contaminant inhibiting the PCR. Thus, we used less RNA and a higher PCR cycle number to analyze the expr ...
Uncommon pathways of metabolism among lactic acid bacteria
... shown to produce unusual amino acid derivatives from ornithine and lysine. Analysis of the intraceUular amino acid pool of Lactococc~.s lactls strain 133 during growth in 'spent' medium, revealed high levels of a neutral compound, tentatively identified as ' valine' [39]. This new amino acid, which ...
... shown to produce unusual amino acid derivatives from ornithine and lysine. Analysis of the intraceUular amino acid pool of Lactococc~.s lactls strain 133 during growth in 'spent' medium, revealed high levels of a neutral compound, tentatively identified as ' valine' [39]. This new amino acid, which ...
The investigation of enzymes structure, physical
... Topic 2.1. THE METHODICAL GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICE ACTIVITY ON THE THEME: The control of initial knowledge level. Subject and task of biochemistry. The investigation of protein structure and physical-chemical properties. Quantitative definition of protein by a biuretic method. The proof of protein na ...
... Topic 2.1. THE METHODICAL GUIDELINES FOR PRACTICE ACTIVITY ON THE THEME: The control of initial knowledge level. Subject and task of biochemistry. The investigation of protein structure and physical-chemical properties. Quantitative definition of protein by a biuretic method. The proof of protein na ...
Enzymes..
... E. Quantity of enzyme is not consumed during the enzymatic reaction. Find the differences between enzymes and inorganic catalysts A. High specificity B. They catalyze only energetically possible reactions C. They do not vary a reaction direction D. They accelerate reaction equilibrium beginning, but ...
... E. Quantity of enzyme is not consumed during the enzymatic reaction. Find the differences between enzymes and inorganic catalysts A. High specificity B. They catalyze only energetically possible reactions C. They do not vary a reaction direction D. They accelerate reaction equilibrium beginning, but ...
07_Metabolism of aminoacids
... Maple syrup urine disease - the disorder of the oxidative decarboxylation of -ketoacids derived from valine, isoleucine, and leucine caused by the missing or defect of branched-chain dehydrogenase. The levels of branched-chain amino acids and corresponding -ketoacids are markedly elevated in both ...
... Maple syrup urine disease - the disorder of the oxidative decarboxylation of -ketoacids derived from valine, isoleucine, and leucine caused by the missing or defect of branched-chain dehydrogenase. The levels of branched-chain amino acids and corresponding -ketoacids are markedly elevated in both ...
Metabolic Pathways - University of California, Santa Barbara
... Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 10. Stage 4 of catabolism is _________________________ in which 1 molecule of NADH produces ___________ molecules of ATP and 1 molecule of FADH2 produces ____________ molecules of ATP. Therefore for each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle _________ ...
... Metabolic Pathways – Ch. 26 10. Stage 4 of catabolism is _________________________ in which 1 molecule of NADH produces ___________ molecules of ATP and 1 molecule of FADH2 produces ____________ molecules of ATP. Therefore for each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle _________ ...
Biologically Assembled Nanobiocatalysts Heejae Kim Qing Sun
... the coordination of multiple subunits, the organization of structural motifs into defined 2D or 3D structures, the packaging of virus coat proteins, etc. These protein nanostructures can serve as scaffolds for the self-assembly of complex biological structures displaying catalytic modules. A naturall ...
... the coordination of multiple subunits, the organization of structural motifs into defined 2D or 3D structures, the packaging of virus coat proteins, etc. These protein nanostructures can serve as scaffolds for the self-assembly of complex biological structures displaying catalytic modules. A naturall ...
4-BCH201_Enzymes
... Some enzymes are synthesized in active form and require no chemical groups for activity other than their amino acid residues. Other enzymes are produced in an inactive form due to either: - Presence of excess polypeptide in their structure and is converted to active form after deletion of this part. ...
... Some enzymes are synthesized in active form and require no chemical groups for activity other than their amino acid residues. Other enzymes are produced in an inactive form due to either: - Presence of excess polypeptide in their structure and is converted to active form after deletion of this part. ...
PDF - Anatomy Journal of Africa
... region for internal herniation. Herniation of abdominal viscera into omental bursa could occur through the omental foramen or deficiencies in the greater omentum while a more difficult clinical condition may arise when such hernia progress into either the inter-ligamental pouch or the post-omental f ...
... region for internal herniation. Herniation of abdominal viscera into omental bursa could occur through the omental foramen or deficiencies in the greater omentum while a more difficult clinical condition may arise when such hernia progress into either the inter-ligamental pouch or the post-omental f ...
Biochemistry 3020 1. All of the following enzymes involved in the
... 11. As part of the catalytic mechanism of phosphogluco mutase a conserved amino acid residue is covalently modified. A similar mechanism is used by another mutase during glycolysis. List the enzymes, modifications, and amino acid residues. (5 Marks) ...
... 11. As part of the catalytic mechanism of phosphogluco mutase a conserved amino acid residue is covalently modified. A similar mechanism is used by another mutase during glycolysis. List the enzymes, modifications, and amino acid residues. (5 Marks) ...
Option A: Human nutrition and health (15 hours)
... Research and answer these questions in full sentences: • What are essential nutrients? • Give 2 examples of essential amino acids • Give 2 examples of essential fatty acids • Give 2 examples of essential minerals • Give 2 examples of essential Vitamins • Why is water so important in the diet? • What ...
... Research and answer these questions in full sentences: • What are essential nutrients? • Give 2 examples of essential amino acids • Give 2 examples of essential fatty acids • Give 2 examples of essential minerals • Give 2 examples of essential Vitamins • Why is water so important in the diet? • What ...
Potential digestive function of bacteria in krill
Euthausia suerba stomach
... ABSTRACT: Evidence is presented that bacteria in the stomach of live Antarctic krill Euphausia superba participate in the digestion of host dietary components. Total (AODC: Acridine Orange Direct Count) and culturable (CFU: Colony Forming Units) bacteria in this organ in fresh adult krill were compa ...
Euthausia suerba stomach
... ABSTRACT: Evidence is presented that bacteria in the stomach of live Antarctic krill Euphausia superba participate in the digestion of host dietary components. Total (AODC: Acridine Orange Direct Count) and culturable (CFU: Colony Forming Units) bacteria in this organ in fresh adult krill were compa ...
Cell Respiration Notes
... Skips Citric Acid cycle & ETC (NO oxygen) In muscle cells this is Lactic Acid fermentation (when muscles get tired, not enough oxygen) ...
... Skips Citric Acid cycle & ETC (NO oxygen) In muscle cells this is Lactic Acid fermentation (when muscles get tired, not enough oxygen) ...
Comparative Analysis of Protein Content in Selected Meat Samples
... of all cells in the body, especially muscles [7]. This includes body membranes, such as glycoprotein. When broken down into amino acids, co-enzymes, hormones, immune response, cellular repair, and other molecules essential for life. Additionally, protein is needed to form blood cells. 1.2. Protein F ...
... of all cells in the body, especially muscles [7]. This includes body membranes, such as glycoprotein. When broken down into amino acids, co-enzymes, hormones, immune response, cellular repair, and other molecules essential for life. Additionally, protein is needed to form blood cells. 1.2. Protein F ...
A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound that is
... substrates and reduce NAD+ to NADH. This reduced cofactor is then a substrate for any of the reductases in the cell that require electrons to reduce their substrates. Therefore, these cofactors are continuously recycled as part of metabolism. As an example, the total quantity of ATP in the human bod ...
... substrates and reduce NAD+ to NADH. This reduced cofactor is then a substrate for any of the reductases in the cell that require electrons to reduce their substrates. Therefore, these cofactors are continuously recycled as part of metabolism. As an example, the total quantity of ATP in the human bod ...
Exam Name___________________________________
... A) acetyl ACP D) acetoacetyl ACP C) malonyl CoA ...
... A) acetyl ACP D) acetoacetyl ACP C) malonyl CoA ...
Biochemistry - Bonham Chemistry
... Rates of a Biochemical Reaction • Rates of a biochemical reaction depend on many factors • Concentration of reactants • Activity of the catalyst – Concentration of the enzyme – Intrinsic activity of the enzyme ...
... Rates of a Biochemical Reaction • Rates of a biochemical reaction depend on many factors • Concentration of reactants • Activity of the catalyst – Concentration of the enzyme – Intrinsic activity of the enzyme ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... heme, which binds & transports oxygen in the body – Skin, hair & nails contain the protein keratin which provides structure, strength & water-proofing – Enzymes are protein catalysts for chemical reactions in all living things ...
... heme, which binds & transports oxygen in the body – Skin, hair & nails contain the protein keratin which provides structure, strength & water-proofing – Enzymes are protein catalysts for chemical reactions in all living things ...
Chapter 21
... – e.g., are phototrophic partner in most lichens – e.g., symbionts with protozoa and fungi – e.g., nitrogen-fixing species form associations with plants ...
... – e.g., are phototrophic partner in most lichens – e.g., symbionts with protozoa and fungi – e.g., nitrogen-fixing species form associations with plants ...
Ch6-4_Enzymes-New
... Why would the genetic “error” causing lactose tolerance (the ability to drink milk all your life) be selected for in some parts of the world and not in others? ...
... Why would the genetic “error” causing lactose tolerance (the ability to drink milk all your life) be selected for in some parts of the world and not in others? ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.