Plasma Enzymes
... comparison to tissues No known functions Their substrates are absent from the blood Different organs e.g. liver, heart, brain and skeletal muscles Different enzymes increase in different organ diseases ALT, AST, CK, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and amylase, ...
... comparison to tissues No known functions Their substrates are absent from the blood Different organs e.g. liver, heart, brain and skeletal muscles Different enzymes increase in different organ diseases ALT, AST, CK, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and amylase, ...
Chapter 3: Organic Molecules and life
... 2. There are four nitrogenous bases used by DNA: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine ( C ). RNA uses one called Uracil (U) rather than ...
... 2. There are four nitrogenous bases used by DNA: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine ( C ). RNA uses one called Uracil (U) rather than ...
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Fermentations
... Pyruvate is a major source of carbon for building cell structures. If it is plentiful, then more of it can be diverted into side reactions producing flavor compounds such as diacetyl. Citrate is a source of pyruvate in milk (milk contains about ...
... Pyruvate is a major source of carbon for building cell structures. If it is plentiful, then more of it can be diverted into side reactions producing flavor compounds such as diacetyl. Citrate is a source of pyruvate in milk (milk contains about ...
Dr: Anwar J almzaiel Glycolysis
... H2O may divide into an anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) phases. Theses phases do not involve separate pathways, but that an initial anaerobic phase continuing directly in an aerobic phase in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis: is the term applied to the production of lactic acid ...
... H2O may divide into an anaerobic (without oxygen) and aerobic (with oxygen) phases. Theses phases do not involve separate pathways, but that an initial anaerobic phase continuing directly in an aerobic phase in the presence of oxygen. Glycolysis: is the term applied to the production of lactic acid ...
Proof of the Mysterious Efficacy of Ginseng: Basic and Clinical Trials
... from ginsenoside), not ginsenoside but metabolite was effective (2, 3). Tumor invasion into extracellular matrices and basement membranes is a crucial step in the complex multistage process that leads to the metastatic formation. Under in vitro conditions, slight or no inhibition of tumor invasion w ...
... from ginsenoside), not ginsenoside but metabolite was effective (2, 3). Tumor invasion into extracellular matrices and basement membranes is a crucial step in the complex multistage process that leads to the metastatic formation. Under in vitro conditions, slight or no inhibition of tumor invasion w ...
Diapositiva 1 - UniFI
... The protein is produced by expression from bacteria which are grown on minimal medium supplemented with small amounts of 15NH4Cl and 13C-labelled glucose as well as labelled and unlabelled amino acids. The idea is that only those amino acids which are added in labelled form become labelled in the pr ...
... The protein is produced by expression from bacteria which are grown on minimal medium supplemented with small amounts of 15NH4Cl and 13C-labelled glucose as well as labelled and unlabelled amino acids. The idea is that only those amino acids which are added in labelled form become labelled in the pr ...
Clinical outcomes of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in the
... Obesity-related morbidity and mortality burden societies worldwide [1]. Although many factors contribute to obesity, the dietary factors play a leading role. Among these, insufficient proportion of unsaturated fat seems to be of particular importance. CLA comprises of conjugated isomers of the 18-ca ...
... Obesity-related morbidity and mortality burden societies worldwide [1]. Although many factors contribute to obesity, the dietary factors play a leading role. Among these, insufficient proportion of unsaturated fat seems to be of particular importance. CLA comprises of conjugated isomers of the 18-ca ...
presentation source
... • stimulated by amino acids Raised blood glucose concentrations lower insulin:glucagon ratio. The reverse occurs when blood glucose concentrations fall Only significant effects of glucagon are on the liver stimulating the production of glucose gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis 10-15% is removed in its ...
... • stimulated by amino acids Raised blood glucose concentrations lower insulin:glucagon ratio. The reverse occurs when blood glucose concentrations fall Only significant effects of glucagon are on the liver stimulating the production of glucose gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis 10-15% is removed in its ...
EnzymesLect1 2014
... As with any protein, each monomer is actually produced as a long, linear chain of amino acids, which folds in a particular fashion to produce a three-dimensional product. Individual monomers may then combine via non-covalent interactions to form a multimeric protein. Many enzymes can be unfolded or ...
... As with any protein, each monomer is actually produced as a long, linear chain of amino acids, which folds in a particular fashion to produce a three-dimensional product. Individual monomers may then combine via non-covalent interactions to form a multimeric protein. Many enzymes can be unfolded or ...
Chapter 16 Glycolysis Control of glycolytic pathway
... Sucrase hydrolyzes sucrose, whereas lactase cleaves lactose. ...
... Sucrase hydrolyzes sucrose, whereas lactase cleaves lactose. ...
chapter-6-rev - HCC Learning Web
... Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our muscle cell under anaerobic conditions and __________ by ye ...
... Why is it important to regenerate NAD+ molecules during fermentation? __________ is the only state in glucose metabolism that does not require oxygen to proceed. Two possible end products of fermentation are __________ as is produced by our muscle cell under anaerobic conditions and __________ by ye ...
Asparagine Analysis in Food Products
... and derivatized in one step at room temperature. The derivatization reagent is added in organic phase and the reaction products (alkylated amino acid derivatives) are extracted into the same phase. The entire sample preparation takes 7–8 min. for the analysis of 384 samples and standard mixtures use ...
... and derivatized in one step at room temperature. The derivatization reagent is added in organic phase and the reaction products (alkylated amino acid derivatives) are extracted into the same phase. The entire sample preparation takes 7–8 min. for the analysis of 384 samples and standard mixtures use ...
Proteins - Cathkin High School
... with a structure known as the amide (or peptide) link. The amide links are regular distances apart along the chain and so there can be regular hydrogen bonding between amide links. The way amino acids join to make long-chain proteins and amide links will be covered later. Proteins which fulfil diffe ...
... with a structure known as the amide (or peptide) link. The amide links are regular distances apart along the chain and so there can be regular hydrogen bonding between amide links. The way amino acids join to make long-chain proteins and amide links will be covered later. Proteins which fulfil diffe ...
Middle-Term Test Paper on Biochemistry
... Isoenzymes ( isozymes ) are different forms of an enzyme which catalyze the same reaction, but exhibit different physical or kinetic properties, such as isoelectric point, pH optimum, substrate affinity or effect of inhibitors. 3) zymogen and its activation Several enzymes are synthesized as larger ...
... Isoenzymes ( isozymes ) are different forms of an enzyme which catalyze the same reaction, but exhibit different physical or kinetic properties, such as isoelectric point, pH optimum, substrate affinity or effect of inhibitors. 3) zymogen and its activation Several enzymes are synthesized as larger ...
Lipids and Carbohydrates
... available. When energy is no longer readily available to a plant, these starches are broken down through hydrolysis reactions to make glucose available to the plant to keep it alive temporarily. Humans use this adaptation in plants by harvesting and eating plants’ starches. Corn, rice, potatoes, and ...
... available. When energy is no longer readily available to a plant, these starches are broken down through hydrolysis reactions to make glucose available to the plant to keep it alive temporarily. Humans use this adaptation in plants by harvesting and eating plants’ starches. Corn, rice, potatoes, and ...
Carbohydrates
... 3. Lipogenesis (conversion to fat): It involves the transformation of excess of glucose into fat. It occurs when the liver and muscles are incapable of storing more glycogen. It largely occurs in liver. The glucose is probably metabolized to a two carbon compound, which is then polymerized into a lo ...
... 3. Lipogenesis (conversion to fat): It involves the transformation of excess of glucose into fat. It occurs when the liver and muscles are incapable of storing more glycogen. It largely occurs in liver. The glucose is probably metabolized to a two carbon compound, which is then polymerized into a lo ...
WEEK 10
... nitrogen and carbon comprise more than 99% of living matter. They are the smallest atoms that can attain stable electronic configurations by sharing one, two, three, and four electrons, respectively. All these elements form very stable covalent bonds. Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon form stable multiple ...
... nitrogen and carbon comprise more than 99% of living matter. They are the smallest atoms that can attain stable electronic configurations by sharing one, two, three, and four electrons, respectively. All these elements form very stable covalent bonds. Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon form stable multiple ...
Antrectomy
... Complicated peptic ulcer disease can also present with upper GI hemorrhage, and a differential should include esophagitis (reflux and infectious); gastroesophageal varices, arteriovenous malformations; Mallory-Weiss tear; stress gastritis; and neoplasm of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, ...
... Complicated peptic ulcer disease can also present with upper GI hemorrhage, and a differential should include esophagitis (reflux and infectious); gastroesophageal varices, arteriovenous malformations; Mallory-Weiss tear; stress gastritis; and neoplasm of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, ...
Nine essential amino acids
... Proteins play both a structural and functional role in every body cell, which makes protein the most abundant component in the body after water. Muscle, especially the contractile molecules in muscle that help us move, make up over 40% of our body protein while haemoglobin, a protein in blood respon ...
... Proteins play both a structural and functional role in every body cell, which makes protein the most abundant component in the body after water. Muscle, especially the contractile molecules in muscle that help us move, make up over 40% of our body protein while haemoglobin, a protein in blood respon ...
Vegetarian Protezyme Forte Natural Non-Animal
... Proteolytic enzymes are naturally present in many unprocessed foods, and studies show that many of these enzymes are absorbed in the intestine to varying degrees, and in fact remain active after entering the circulatory system. Absorption tends to be better in the absence of protein-containing foods ...
... Proteolytic enzymes are naturally present in many unprocessed foods, and studies show that many of these enzymes are absorbed in the intestine to varying degrees, and in fact remain active after entering the circulatory system. Absorption tends to be better in the absence of protein-containing foods ...
Slide 1
... When it was discovered that some were not amines, i.e., not ' --ines', the name was changed to: vitamins ...
... When it was discovered that some were not amines, i.e., not ' --ines', the name was changed to: vitamins ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.