Clinical biochemistry (4) Carbohydrate
... The product of fermentation, alcohol, is toxic to the organism ...
... The product of fermentation, alcohol, is toxic to the organism ...
28 Gluconeogenesis In animals, glucose is required by the brain
... oxaloacetate for conversion to phosphoenolpyruvate. The use of malate in the cytoplasm has advantages, because the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate produces the NADH that will be required for the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase step. Thus, the use of malate transport effectively allows ...
... oxaloacetate for conversion to phosphoenolpyruvate. The use of malate in the cytoplasm has advantages, because the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate produces the NADH that will be required for the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase step. Thus, the use of malate transport effectively allows ...
Biological monomers and polymers (1)
... range of pH and temperature. As another example, the average protein must be boiled for about 24 hours in a 20% HCl solution to achieve a complete breakdown. In the body, the breakdown takes place in four hours or less under conditions of mild physiological temperature and pH. ...
... range of pH and temperature. As another example, the average protein must be boiled for about 24 hours in a 20% HCl solution to achieve a complete breakdown. In the body, the breakdown takes place in four hours or less under conditions of mild physiological temperature and pH. ...
Baumgard Post absorptive CHO metabolism
... The function of the "little heaps of cells", later known as the Islets of Langerhans • 1889 German physician Oscar Minkowski removed the pancreas from a healthy dog to demonstrate the pancreas’s assumed role in digestion. – Several days after the dog's pancreas was removed, he noticed a swarm of fli ...
... The function of the "little heaps of cells", later known as the Islets of Langerhans • 1889 German physician Oscar Minkowski removed the pancreas from a healthy dog to demonstrate the pancreas’s assumed role in digestion. – Several days after the dog's pancreas was removed, he noticed a swarm of fli ...
Biocatalysis - School of Chemical Sciences
... of the biocatalysts. As a result, immobilized biocatalysts are now employed in many biocatalytic processes. More than one hundred techniques for immobilizing enzymes have been developed which can be divided into five major groups summarized in Table 2.[9] Adsorption of the enzyme onto a surface is th ...
... of the biocatalysts. As a result, immobilized biocatalysts are now employed in many biocatalytic processes. More than one hundred techniques for immobilizing enzymes have been developed which can be divided into five major groups summarized in Table 2.[9] Adsorption of the enzyme onto a surface is th ...
Lect 8 hormones 4
... • production of glycogen, protein and triglyceride during absorption? • Use of glucose during absorption and the switch to fat postabsorption? • Glucose uptake by liver during absorption and release of glucose postabsorption ...
... • production of glycogen, protein and triglyceride during absorption? • Use of glucose during absorption and the switch to fat postabsorption? • Glucose uptake by liver during absorption and release of glucose postabsorption ...
Chapter 10. Delivering Oxygen.
... nucleus cannot make protein. As they get older, the cells suffer damage and finally after about 120 days the spleen removes old RBC’s. In normal blood, about 1 – 2 % of RBC’s are reticulocytes, the new RBC’s with a nucleus. Under conditions of chronic, long-term O2 deprivation, more capillaries form ...
... nucleus cannot make protein. As they get older, the cells suffer damage and finally after about 120 days the spleen removes old RBC’s. In normal blood, about 1 – 2 % of RBC’s are reticulocytes, the new RBC’s with a nucleus. Under conditions of chronic, long-term O2 deprivation, more capillaries form ...
16. enzymes i – nomenclature and classification
... breakdown of grape juice to alcohol. Pasteur, however, saw yeast cells under microscope and believed that yeasts played a major role in fermentation. In a classic series of experiments, he classified the role of yeasts in fermentation and showed that the sticks and rod-like structures (now known as ...
... breakdown of grape juice to alcohol. Pasteur, however, saw yeast cells under microscope and believed that yeasts played a major role in fermentation. In a classic series of experiments, he classified the role of yeasts in fermentation and showed that the sticks and rod-like structures (now known as ...
Process Biochemistry
... easily be implemented at industrial plants where water is an expensive and limited resource, as in Northwestern Mexico; where the jumbo squid fishery is established. According to Sánchez-Alonso et al. [27], low molecular weight proteins (Fig. 3, columns A4 and B4) and other soluble compounds, such a ...
... easily be implemented at industrial plants where water is an expensive and limited resource, as in Northwestern Mexico; where the jumbo squid fishery is established. According to Sánchez-Alonso et al. [27], low molecular weight proteins (Fig. 3, columns A4 and B4) and other soluble compounds, such a ...
fermentation?
... elements and micronutrients(e.g. Vitamins for microorganisms) Specific types of carbon and nitrogen sources may be required And carbon:nitrogen ratio may have to be controlled. Some trace elements may have to be avoided, for example minute amounts of iron reduce yields in citric acid production by A ...
... elements and micronutrients(e.g. Vitamins for microorganisms) Specific types of carbon and nitrogen sources may be required And carbon:nitrogen ratio may have to be controlled. Some trace elements may have to be avoided, for example minute amounts of iron reduce yields in citric acid production by A ...
Macromolecules Internet Assignment
... 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. 3. A protein’s amino acid sequence determines its _______________________ and _______________________. ...
... 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. 3. A protein’s amino acid sequence determines its _______________________ and _______________________. ...
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
... feeding back into PPP and EMP Used exclusively by Thiobacillus novellus and Brucella abortus ...
... feeding back into PPP and EMP Used exclusively by Thiobacillus novellus and Brucella abortus ...
WHY DO CARDIOMYOCYTES (HEART MUSCLE CELLS) STORE
... why does a glycogen depleted skeletal muscle become effectively paralysed (i.e. unable to exercise) when its blood supply is not compromised, and its supply of oxygen and fatty acids could still presumably ...
... why does a glycogen depleted skeletal muscle become effectively paralysed (i.e. unable to exercise) when its blood supply is not compromised, and its supply of oxygen and fatty acids could still presumably ...
2. CYCLIC AMINOACIDS 2.1. Aromatic
... Acidic properties (isoelectric point 4.7); high content of glutamic acid Strongly hydrated – are precipitated only at high concentrations of waterabsorbing agents High absorbtive capacity for both polar and nonpolar molecules (transport agents) Globulins: Higher molecular mass (>100,000) Insoluble i ...
... Acidic properties (isoelectric point 4.7); high content of glutamic acid Strongly hydrated – are precipitated only at high concentrations of waterabsorbing agents High absorbtive capacity for both polar and nonpolar molecules (transport agents) Globulins: Higher molecular mass (>100,000) Insoluble i ...
Macromolecules WebQuest
... 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. 3. A protein’s amino acid sequence determines its _______________________ and _______________________. 4. What ...
... 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. 3. A protein’s amino acid sequence determines its _______________________ and _______________________. 4. What ...
Part 1: Macromolecules Tutorial
... _______________________ linked by ______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. ...
... _______________________ linked by ______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. ...
1. phylum: firmicutes - Fermentation-SN
... - These are the so-called acetone-butanol fermenters. Butanol is formed from butyrylCoA via butyrylaldehyde (see Figure 4). Acetone and isopropanol are formed from acetoacetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and subsequent reduction, respectively. These so-called butyric acid bacteria include Clostridium pas ...
... - These are the so-called acetone-butanol fermenters. Butanol is formed from butyrylCoA via butyrylaldehyde (see Figure 4). Acetone and isopropanol are formed from acetoacetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and subsequent reduction, respectively. These so-called butyric acid bacteria include Clostridium pas ...
AP Biology Summer Homework Macromolecules WebQuest
... 5. __________________________ are hydrolyzed (broken apart) to form glucose, and glucose is then further broken down to release __________________________. D. Click on “Options” Click on “LIPIDS”. There are 7 separate pages for the lipid module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and th ...
... 5. __________________________ are hydrolyzed (broken apart) to form glucose, and glucose is then further broken down to release __________________________. D. Click on “Options” Click on “LIPIDS”. There are 7 separate pages for the lipid module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and th ...
ch24a_wcr
... Crucial in helping body use nutrients Most function as coenzymes Vitamins D (skin), some B and K synthesized by intestinal bacteria; betacarotene (carrots) converted in body vitamin A • Rest must be ingested • No one food group contains all vitamins © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Crucial in helping body use nutrients Most function as coenzymes Vitamins D (skin), some B and K synthesized by intestinal bacteria; betacarotene (carrots) converted in body vitamin A • Rest must be ingested • No one food group contains all vitamins © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and each react with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Krebs Cycle- breaks down the acetyl CoA to produce CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. ...
... Glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and each react with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Krebs Cycle- breaks down the acetyl CoA to produce CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. ...
Fatty acids in food supplements: Can you assume what you
... methods for extracting fatty acids from food supplement capsules were determined by simple gravimetric (by mass) analysis. From the Session 2 pre-laboratory exercise, you will have discovered that in nature, fatty acids are biosynthesised as their triglycerides. A triglyceride consists of three fatt ...
... methods for extracting fatty acids from food supplement capsules were determined by simple gravimetric (by mass) analysis. From the Session 2 pre-laboratory exercise, you will have discovered that in nature, fatty acids are biosynthesised as their triglycerides. A triglyceride consists of three fatt ...
BHS 150.1 – Biochemistry II Date: 2/1/2013, 2sndhalf Notetaker: Kim
... ***both pyruvate kinase and glycogen synthetase are activated when de-phosphorylated. Glycogen phosphorylase is inhibited when dephosphorylated. ...
... ***both pyruvate kinase and glycogen synthetase are activated when de-phosphorylated. Glycogen phosphorylase is inhibited when dephosphorylated. ...
energy - Bide Sport
... The main focus of our dedicated work is to optimize the athlete’s performance. By doing so we have developed acid free sport drinks, well-tolerated gels or high quality recovery products. In close cooperation with our internationally renowned athletes and sports food opinion leaders we test and deve ...
... The main focus of our dedicated work is to optimize the athlete’s performance. By doing so we have developed acid free sport drinks, well-tolerated gels or high quality recovery products. In close cooperation with our internationally renowned athletes and sports food opinion leaders we test and deve ...
7.6 Hydrolysis of Amides
... As a result penicillin G (which is still occasionally used in the hospital setting) has to be given by injection. Research looking for more acid-stable penicillins has been successful and most of the penicillin drugs currently used (penicillin V and amoxicillin) survive exposure in the hydrochloric ...
... As a result penicillin G (which is still occasionally used in the hospital setting) has to be given by injection. Research looking for more acid-stable penicillins has been successful and most of the penicillin drugs currently used (penicillin V and amoxicillin) survive exposure in the hydrochloric ...
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into small water-soluble food molecules so that they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. In certain organisms, these smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream. Digestion is a form of catabolism that is often divided into two processes based on how food is broken down: mechanical and chemical digestion. The term mechanical digestion refers to the physical breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces which can subsequently be accessed by digestive enzymes. In chemical digestion, enzymes break down food into the small molecules the body can use.In the human digestive system, food enters the mouth and mechanical digestion of the food starts by the action of mastication (chewing), a form of mechanical digestion, and the wetting contact of saliva. Saliva, a liquid secreted by the salivary glands, contains salivary amylase, an enzyme which starts the digestion of starch in the food; the saliva also contains mucus, which lubricates the food, and hydrogen carbonate, which provides the ideal conditions of pH (alkaline) for amylase to work. After undergoing mastication and starch digestion, the food will be in the form of a small, round slurry mass called a bolus. It will then travel down the esophagus and into the stomach by the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice in the stomach starts protein digestion. Gastric juice mainly contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin. As these two chemicals may damage the stomach wall, mucus is secreted by the stomach, providing a slimy layer that acts as a shield against the damaging effects of the chemicals. At the same time protein digestion is occurring, mechanical mixing occurs by peristalsis, which is waves of muscular contractions that move along the stomach wall. This allows the mass of food to further mix with the digestive enzymes.After some time (typically 1–2 hours in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, 3–4 hours in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. When the pyloric sphincter valve opens, chyme enters the duodenum where it mixes with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile juice from the liver and then passes through the small intestine, in which digestion continues. When the chyme is fully digested, it is absorbed into the blood. 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs in the small intestine. Water and minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon (large intestine) where the pH is slightly acidic about 5.6 ~ 6.9. Some vitamins, such as biotin and vitamin K (K2MK7) produced by bacteria in the colon are also absorbed into the blood in the colon. Waste material is eliminated from the rectum during defecation.