Cloning and Expression of Bovine Sodium/Glucose Cotransporters* J. Dairy Sci. 88:182–194
... pTRI-β-actin-mouse antisense control template (Ambion, Austin, TX) (positive controls), were then amplified by PCR in a final volume of 50 µL, containing 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM dNTP mixture, 5 µL of 10× PCR buffer, 2.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen), and 0.4 µM of each primer. The primers us ...
... pTRI-β-actin-mouse antisense control template (Ambion, Austin, TX) (positive controls), were then amplified by PCR in a final volume of 50 µL, containing 2.5 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM dNTP mixture, 5 µL of 10× PCR buffer, 2.5 units of Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen), and 0.4 µM of each primer. The primers us ...
file ini - Pusat Penelitian Biologi
... (Ponmurugan & Gopi 2006). PSB was able to convert the insoluble phosphates into soluble forms by acidification, chelating and exchange reactions, and production of gluconic acid (Chen et al. ...
... (Ponmurugan & Gopi 2006). PSB was able to convert the insoluble phosphates into soluble forms by acidification, chelating and exchange reactions, and production of gluconic acid (Chen et al. ...
... for cell survival. Urease, which appears to be the most abundant protein in crude cell-free extracts of U . urealyticum, has been partially characterized (Eng et al., 1986). However, the role of urea hydrolysis in ureaplasma survival is still not clear. The most recent data suggest that ammonia diff ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Biotin Conclusion and Discussion
... • if surplus of ATP, gluconeogenic pathway • if deficiency of ATP, TCA cycle ...
... • if surplus of ATP, gluconeogenic pathway • if deficiency of ATP, TCA cycle ...
Metabolism of lactic acid bacteria
... The author is ind�bte d to the New Ze aland Dairy Re search Institute for providing the opportunity to undertake this inve stigation . P a rticul ar thanks a re extende d to: P rofe ssor R. D . Batt an d Dr. W . A . McGillivray for the ir a dvice and encouragement throughout the course of this work ...
... The author is ind�bte d to the New Ze aland Dairy Re search Institute for providing the opportunity to undertake this inve stigation . P a rticul ar thanks a re extende d to: P rofe ssor R. D . Batt an d Dr. W . A . McGillivray for the ir a dvice and encouragement throughout the course of this work ...
The novel genome organization of the insect picorna
... sequences in ORF-2 (SKPTVQ and VMGEDL). The third Nterminal sequence (ANFQTN) was found to be situated upstream of the first methionine of ORF-2 (see Fig. 1). This sequence is encoded in the same frame ; thus if there were another initiation codon which was recognized 5« of this sequence then all th ...
... sequences in ORF-2 (SKPTVQ and VMGEDL). The third Nterminal sequence (ANFQTN) was found to be situated upstream of the first methionine of ORF-2 (see Fig. 1). This sequence is encoded in the same frame ; thus if there were another initiation codon which was recognized 5« of this sequence then all th ...
Isolation of the b-tubulin Gene From Yeast and Demonstration of its Essential Function in vivo.
... one of the ptubulin genes and concomitantly created a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that the single /3-tubulin gene of yeast has an essential function. Determination of the nucleotide sequence reveals extensive amino acid sequence homology (more than 70%) between yeast and chicken brain ,&tu ...
... one of the ptubulin genes and concomitantly created a recessive lethal mutation, indicating that the single /3-tubulin gene of yeast has an essential function. Determination of the nucleotide sequence reveals extensive amino acid sequence homology (more than 70%) between yeast and chicken brain ,&tu ...
HIBERNATING BEARS, ANTIBIOTICS AND THE EVOLVING RIBOSOME
... is performed by a complex apparatus comprising the ribosome, messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and accessory protein factors. The ribosome, a universal dynamic cellular ribonucleoprotein complex, is the key player in this process, and typical mammalian cells can contain over a million ribo ...
... is performed by a complex apparatus comprising the ribosome, messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and accessory protein factors. The ribosome, a universal dynamic cellular ribonucleoprotein complex, is the key player in this process, and typical mammalian cells can contain over a million ribo ...
RNA Isolation and Technology Applications
... Microarrays for Gene Expression Profiling • Microarrays enable researchers to examine the expression levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment • As many as 50,000 or more unique DNA sequences are spotted on to a glass slide ...
... Microarrays for Gene Expression Profiling • Microarrays enable researchers to examine the expression levels of thousands of genes in a single experiment • As many as 50,000 or more unique DNA sequences are spotted on to a glass slide ...
Summary
... Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Classic multienzyme complex: 3 enzyme proteins 5 cofactors: TPP, CoA-SH, lipoic acid, NAD +, FAD ...
... Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex Classic multienzyme complex: 3 enzyme proteins 5 cofactors: TPP, CoA-SH, lipoic acid, NAD +, FAD ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... by adenine nucleotides. Phosphofructokinase (Glycolysis) is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by AMP. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Gluconeogenesis) is inhibited by AMP. This insures that when cellular ATP is high (AMP would then be low), glucose is not degraded to make ATP. It is more useful to th ...
... by adenine nucleotides. Phosphofructokinase (Glycolysis) is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by AMP. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (Gluconeogenesis) is inhibited by AMP. This insures that when cellular ATP is high (AMP would then be low), glucose is not degraded to make ATP. It is more useful to th ...
The biosynthesis of peptidoglycan lipid
... Formation of undecaprenyl phosphate The dephosphorylation of C55-PP (step 2 in Fig. 2) is required before the lipid carrier becomes available for use in the various biosynthetic pathways. This reaction must also occur after each cycle of polymerization of cell wall components (e.g. of peptidoglycan) ...
... Formation of undecaprenyl phosphate The dephosphorylation of C55-PP (step 2 in Fig. 2) is required before the lipid carrier becomes available for use in the various biosynthetic pathways. This reaction must also occur after each cycle of polymerization of cell wall components (e.g. of peptidoglycan) ...
Chapter 32 - How Animals Harvest Energy Stored in Nutrients
... Glycolysis is a specific metabolic pathway that does not require oxygen and involves chemical reactions that transfer chemical energy by rearranging the chemical bonds of glucose to form molecules of pyruvate and to generate two usable molecules of ATP. Animals that live in an anaerobic (low in oxyg ...
... Glycolysis is a specific metabolic pathway that does not require oxygen and involves chemical reactions that transfer chemical energy by rearranging the chemical bonds of glucose to form molecules of pyruvate and to generate two usable molecules of ATP. Animals that live in an anaerobic (low in oxyg ...
Phytochemistry
... for the purification of chemically specific agglutinins such as A. leucocarpus lectin. This chromatographic system is based on the selective removal of biomolecules showing a biospecific affinity for cell membrane components. Their elution may be carried out either by a non-biospecific ...
... for the purification of chemically specific agglutinins such as A. leucocarpus lectin. This chromatographic system is based on the selective removal of biomolecules showing a biospecific affinity for cell membrane components. Their elution may be carried out either by a non-biospecific ...
22. pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
... molecular oxygen. Since only Mg and an adenylic acid (ATP, ADP or AMP) had to be added, this finding meant that mitochondria contain not only all the enzymes and coenzymes required for the citric acid cycle but also those needed to transport the electrons from the substrate to molecular oxygen. Late ...
... molecular oxygen. Since only Mg and an adenylic acid (ATP, ADP or AMP) had to be added, this finding meant that mitochondria contain not only all the enzymes and coenzymes required for the citric acid cycle but also those needed to transport the electrons from the substrate to molecular oxygen. Late ...
Examination 2: Chapters 8 through 11
... nonpolar valine for a charged glutamate nonpolar glutamate for a charged valine polar valine for a polar glutamate nonpolar valine for a nonpolar glutamate charged valine for a noncharged aspartate Answer Top ...
... nonpolar valine for a charged glutamate nonpolar glutamate for a charged valine polar valine for a polar glutamate nonpolar valine for a nonpolar glutamate charged valine for a noncharged aspartate Answer Top ...
UNIT 11. CATABOLISM OF GLUCOSE • Aerobic glycolysis: scheme
... phosphoenolpyruvate is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a cytosolic enzyme that requires GTP. Fructose-6-bisphosphatase converts fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate releasing inorganic phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphatase releases inorganic phosphate converting glucose 6-pho ...
... phosphoenolpyruvate is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, a cytosolic enzyme that requires GTP. Fructose-6-bisphosphatase converts fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate releasing inorganic phosphate. Glucose-6-phosphatase releases inorganic phosphate converting glucose 6-pho ...
Unit 11 acids and bases part 1
... NH3, a BrØnsted-Lowry Base In the reaction of ammonia and water, • NH3 is the base that accept H+. • H2O is the acid that donates H+. ...
... NH3, a BrØnsted-Lowry Base In the reaction of ammonia and water, • NH3 is the base that accept H+. • H2O is the acid that donates H+. ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.