Redacted for Privacy
... the fibrous components of the extracellular matrix. Growth factors and cytokines expressed and released by foam cells, smooth muscle cells, and the endothelium itself promote lesion development to a more advanced state, the atheroma. Foam cells and lipids continue to accumulate in the core of the a ...
... the fibrous components of the extracellular matrix. Growth factors and cytokines expressed and released by foam cells, smooth muscle cells, and the endothelium itself promote lesion development to a more advanced state, the atheroma. Foam cells and lipids continue to accumulate in the core of the a ...
A new metabolomic assay to examine inflammation and redox
... RAW macrophage cells (2 × 106) were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 1 μg/ml LPS (LPS) for 24 hrs. Cellular metabolites were extracted and analyzed as described in Methods. a,b - Metabolites quantified and their corresponding concentrations are listed. Values presented are averages ...
... RAW macrophage cells (2 × 106) were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 1 μg/ml LPS (LPS) for 24 hrs. Cellular metabolites were extracted and analyzed as described in Methods. a,b - Metabolites quantified and their corresponding concentrations are listed. Values presented are averages ...
Full-Text PDF
... metabolism of sugars, whereas malate acts as a vital source of carbon for different pathways, mainly the TCA cycle, respiration, gluconeogenesis and secondary compound production, during ripening [30]. With regard to the other acids analyzed, such as tartaric, succinic and ascorbic, the general tren ...
... metabolism of sugars, whereas malate acts as a vital source of carbon for different pathways, mainly the TCA cycle, respiration, gluconeogenesis and secondary compound production, during ripening [30]. With regard to the other acids analyzed, such as tartaric, succinic and ascorbic, the general tren ...
Structural Studies on Sulfated Glycopeptides from the Carbohydrate
... sulfated compounds was 53:37:10 based on the serine second galactose residue which is remote from the innermost contents. Biological significance of the newly found xylose. sulfated linkage structure is discussed. EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURES ...
... sulfated compounds was 53:37:10 based on the serine second galactose residue which is remote from the innermost contents. Biological significance of the newly found xylose. sulfated linkage structure is discussed. EXPERIMENTALPROCEDURES ...
Gluconeogenesis
... pathway does not inactivate the other. However many steps are the same. Three steps are different from glycolysis. 1 Pyruvate to PEP 2 Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate to Fructose-6phosphate 3 Glucose-6-Phosphate to Glucose ...
... pathway does not inactivate the other. However many steps are the same. Three steps are different from glycolysis. 1 Pyruvate to PEP 2 Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate to Fructose-6phosphate 3 Glucose-6-Phosphate to Glucose ...
Materials and Methods
... buried Gly, buried Phe, buried Thr, Cys, and Ile content primarily opposed permissiveness. Fractional exposed Asp content was primarily enhancing, while net charge and fractional Arg content primarily opposed enhancement. All other significant predictors had a similar influence on permissiveness vs. ...
... buried Gly, buried Phe, buried Thr, Cys, and Ile content primarily opposed permissiveness. Fractional exposed Asp content was primarily enhancing, while net charge and fractional Arg content primarily opposed enhancement. All other significant predictors had a similar influence on permissiveness vs. ...
2nd Nine Weeks Notes
... those in the rate-determining step. b. Each step in the mechanism has its own transition state. 4. Mechanisms with a fast initial step. a. Some mechanisms have a fast equilibrium step first that must be consumed by the slow step. b. In writing the rate law for the rate-determining step, keep in mind ...
... those in the rate-determining step. b. Each step in the mechanism has its own transition state. 4. Mechanisms with a fast initial step. a. Some mechanisms have a fast equilibrium step first that must be consumed by the slow step. b. In writing the rate law for the rate-determining step, keep in mind ...
Testing of some enzymatic mixtures used for the improvement of
... enzyme is defined as “the enzyme physically confined or localized in a certain defined region of space with retention of its catalytic activity, which can be used repeatedly and continuously”[1]. An universal immobilization method does not exist. Each end use requires evaluation of the individual st ...
... enzyme is defined as “the enzyme physically confined or localized in a certain defined region of space with retention of its catalytic activity, which can be used repeatedly and continuously”[1]. An universal immobilization method does not exist. Each end use requires evaluation of the individual st ...
(lip) that - Repositories
... product (Parry, 1983; White, 1980b). The results indicate that octanoic acid serves as the immediate precursor for the 8-carbon chain. Sulfur is directly inserted at the C-6 and C-8 positions with inversion of configuration at the prochiral center of the C-6 position. It has not been determined whet ...
... product (Parry, 1983; White, 1980b). The results indicate that octanoic acid serves as the immediate precursor for the 8-carbon chain. Sulfur is directly inserted at the C-6 and C-8 positions with inversion of configuration at the prochiral center of the C-6 position. It has not been determined whet ...
Cellular Respiration I - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... Proteins lipids and nucleic acids can also be used. ...
... Proteins lipids and nucleic acids can also be used. ...
ENZYMES
... sucrose is consumed by a human (or almost any other organism), it releases its chemical energy in seconds. The difference is catalysis. Without catalysis, chemical reactions such as sucrose oxidation could not occur on a useful time scale, and thus could not sustain life. In this chapter, then, we t ...
... sucrose is consumed by a human (or almost any other organism), it releases its chemical energy in seconds. The difference is catalysis. Without catalysis, chemical reactions such as sucrose oxidation could not occur on a useful time scale, and thus could not sustain life. In this chapter, then, we t ...
APB Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... These steps can be divided into two phases. 1. ______________________________________________________________________, the cell spends ATP. 2. ______________________________________, this investment is repaid with interest. ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation, and NAD+ is reduced to N ...
... These steps can be divided into two phases. 1. ______________________________________________________________________, the cell spends ATP. 2. ______________________________________, this investment is repaid with interest. ATP is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation, and NAD+ is reduced to N ...
Regulation of hepatic metabolism by AMPK - HAL
... respiratory-chain complex I [2, 3]. (4) AMPK controls the fate of fatty acids by reducing intracellular malonyl-CoA content which is both a critical precursor for biosynthesis of fatty acids and a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation via the allosteric regulation of carnitine palmi ...
... respiratory-chain complex I [2, 3]. (4) AMPK controls the fate of fatty acids by reducing intracellular malonyl-CoA content which is both a critical precursor for biosynthesis of fatty acids and a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation via the allosteric regulation of carnitine palmi ...
Ammonium toxicity and potassium limitation in yeast.
... inside the cells (i.e., in the extract) relative to the medium (i.e., in the filtrate) in a 1.3 mM potassium chemostat culture. From these numbers (1:10 extract:filtrate for glutamine; 1:4 for alanine; and 1:3 for glutamate) it is clear that at least three fourths of the cells would have had to lyse t ...
... inside the cells (i.e., in the extract) relative to the medium (i.e., in the filtrate) in a 1.3 mM potassium chemostat culture. From these numbers (1:10 extract:filtrate for glutamine; 1:4 for alanine; and 1:3 for glutamate) it is clear that at least three fourths of the cells would have had to lyse t ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... transketolase (which transfers 2-C units) & transaldolase (which transfers 3-C units) convert ribulose 5-P produced as an end-product of the oxidative reactions to glyceraldehyde 3-P & F-6P, which are intermediates of glycolysis. - In contrast, under conditions in which the demand for ribose for inc ...
... transketolase (which transfers 2-C units) & transaldolase (which transfers 3-C units) convert ribulose 5-P produced as an end-product of the oxidative reactions to glyceraldehyde 3-P & F-6P, which are intermediates of glycolysis. - In contrast, under conditions in which the demand for ribose for inc ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.