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The metabolic basis of Candida albicans
The metabolic basis of Candida albicans

Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered
Characterization of the Two-Component, FAD-Dependent Monooxygenase SgcC That Requires Carrier Protein-Tethered

... Abstract: C-1027 is a potent antitumor antibiotic composed of an apoprotein (CagA) and a reactive enediyne chromophore. The chromophore has four distinct chemical moieties, including an (S)-3-chloro-5-hydroxyβ-tyrosine moiety, the biosynthesis of which from L-R-tyrosine requires five proteins: SgcC, ...
Distinguishing Health Benefits of Eicosapentaenoic and
Distinguishing Health Benefits of Eicosapentaenoic and

... Differential associations for cell membrane EPA and DHA levels and resting state electroencephalographic (EEG) activity have been reported. DHA was associated with fast frequency EEG activity while EPA was associated with slow frequency EEG activity in 46 adolescent boys with attention deficit hyper ...
Plant Physiology
Plant Physiology

... Detached leaves maintained in darkness provide a standard system for the study of leaf senescence. Various senescenceinduced modifications in such leaves have been documented. These include structural alterations in the volume and shape of the chloroplast (5, 6, 9) as well as changes in several meta ...
Physiological and Transcriptomic Aspects of Urea
Physiological and Transcriptomic Aspects of Urea

... pathways, Arg degradation and ureide catabolism, together with root and leaf applications of urea, are the three major sources of urea in plants. Since urea accumulates in source leaves of older plants and in germinating seeds (Zonia et al., 1995), the first pathway is supposed to be utilized during ...
5 The structure and function of membrane proteins
5 The structure and function of membrane proteins

... of the synthesis and degradation of amino acids. This is a major area in its own right and would have lengthened the present book too much. However, I would like to think that students will not avoid these areas because they remain an equally important subject that should be covered at some point wi ...
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture

New Host Plants of Erwinia amylovora in Bulgaria
New Host Plants of Erwinia amylovora in Bulgaria

evidence for nonsense mutations in the arom gene
evidence for nonsense mutations in the arom gene

... the four structural genes for which mutants are available in the arom cluster. These results are consistent with the conclusion that some non-complementing pleiotropic arom mutants are a consequence of nonsense mutations within the proximal structural gene (arom-2) of the arom gene cluster resulting ...
Åpne - Munin
Åpne - Munin

... of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Glutamate and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the major excitatory and inhibi ...
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA
Localization and nucleotide specificity of Blastocystis succinyl‐CoA

... production via succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS), an enzyme that is also found in the mitochondrial TCA cycle (Dacks et al., 2006). Succinyl-CoA synthetase is composed of two subunits, alpha and beta, which generally form dimers in eukaryotes and tetramers in prokaryotes (Bridger et al., 1987). The subs ...
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Word

... A panel of thirteen anti-TPO mAbs produced against native human TPO, as it mentioned above, was used for the pioneering studies on the immunodominant regions located on the TPO molecule surface [5, 8]. Antibodies numbered 2, 9, 47, and 60 reacted with epitopes in domain A, mAbs 15, 18, 59, and 64 r ...
Title of Document: HIGH-THROUGHPUT TIME-SERIES
Title of Document: HIGH-THROUGHPUT TIME-SERIES

... conditions of elevated CO2 stress, salt (NaCl) stress, sugar (trehalose) signal, and hormone (ethylene) signal, applied individually; the latter three stresses also applied in combination with the CO2 stress. Analysis of the obtained results required the appropriate application of multivariate stati ...
Characterization of the Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase (SPP
Characterization of the Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase (SPP

... SPP sequences share homology with members of the L-2-haloacid dehalogenase (HAD, http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/family/PF00702) superfamily of proteins [2, 13–15]. Arabidopsis SPPs belong to the subfamily IIB that includes sucrose phosphate phosphatases from plants and cyanobacteria (IPR012847, http://www ...
An investigation of protective formulations containing
An investigation of protective formulations containing

... the  substrate  to  a  specific  site  that  is  called  the  active  site.  That  is  the  part  of  the  enzyme  that  catalyzes  the   chemical  reaction.      The   enzymes   lowers   the   activation   energy   for   reactions, ...
Case Study: BPTI
Case Study: BPTI

Saccharomyces cerevisiae Functional Expression and Stabilization of Horseradish Peroxidase by Directed Evolution in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Functional Expression and Stabilization of Horseradish Peroxidase by Directed Evolution in

... Pichia pastoris Mutated HRP genes were cloned into Pichia expression vector pPIZ␣B containing the ␣-factor secretion signal and the methanol-inducible PAOX1 promoter. pPIZ␣B containing HRP wild-type (Morawski et al., 2000) was digested with HpaI and EcoRI and purified. The coding sequences for the H ...
Phosphorylation of the F1Fo ATP Synthase Я Subunit
Phosphorylation of the F1Fo ATP Synthase Я Subunit

... with respect to growth, complex and supercomplex formation, and enzymatic activity (ATPase rate). The most striking mutant was the T262 site, for which the phosphomimetic (T262E) abolished activity, whereas the nonphosphorylatable strain (T262A) had an ATPase rate equivalent to wild type. Although T ...
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS PARKLAND
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS PARKLAND

biochem hnd final - Yaba College of Technology
biochem hnd final - Yaba College of Technology

... the need to introduce the semester credit which will enable a student who so wish to transfer the units already completed in an institution of similar standard from which he is transferring. In designing the units the principle of the modular system by product has been adopted; thus making each of t ...
Structure of the Actin-Myosin Complex and Its Implications for
Structure of the Actin-Myosin Complex and Its Implications for

... of the energy released by ATP hydrolysis into directed mechanical force occurs during product release-adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate, P,-rather than during the hydrolysis step itself (3, 4). The contractile cycle deduced from kinetic studies has shown that Mg2`ATP rapidly dissoc ...
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus
Analysis of the genetic potential of the spongederived fungus

... lab and for introducing me into the puzzling world of polyketides. I am grateful for all suggestions that I got from him during the practical work in the lab, as well as for the writing of my thesis. Moreover, I want to thank him for his trust and unique experience in building up a laboratory togeth ...
The Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase*
The Vitamin K-dependent Carboxylase*

... wild type or mutant recombinant carboxylase produced through mammalian or insect over-expression systems (46-48). Thus far, the presence of stoichiometrically bound prosthetic groups on carboxylase has not been reported. The apparent monooxygenase chemistry of carboxylase and inhibition of the enzym ...
The Reciprocal Principle of Selectand-Selector-Systems in
The Reciprocal Principle of Selectand-Selector-Systems in

... the target molecule may now be used as CSP, whereas the modified cyclodextrin is added to the mobile phase. However, as the cyclodextrins are only available in one enantiomeric form (comprised of D -glucose building blocks) two columns coated with the L - and D -target molecule, respectively, are re ...
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND CELLULAR REGULATION, I by
PROTEIN PHOSPHORYLATION AND CELLULAR REGULATION, I by

... ed in skeletal muscle in two different forms that they designated a s phosphorylase b and phosphorylase a (2,3). The a form was purified and obtained as a crystalline enzyme. Kinetically, it was shown that phosphorylas e b required high concentrations of 5’-AMP for activity whereas phosphorylase a w ...
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Biosynthesis



Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.
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