Text S1: General Metabolism
... In summary, both X. nematophila and X. bovienii have metabolic profiles as expected for bacteria capable of being free living, host-associated, and pathogenic by turns. However, there are several unique pathways to each species, including cellobiose transport and presence of a putative virulence-lin ...
... In summary, both X. nematophila and X. bovienii have metabolic profiles as expected for bacteria capable of being free living, host-associated, and pathogenic by turns. However, there are several unique pathways to each species, including cellobiose transport and presence of a putative virulence-lin ...
Technical Brief
... malnutrition. Arguably it had been known under different names in different languages back to biblical times.4 It was not even the first description of the condition in English, as Cecily Williams herself had already given a full picture of the disease in 19335 (republished in 19836). In its origina ...
... malnutrition. Arguably it had been known under different names in different languages back to biblical times.4 It was not even the first description of the condition in English, as Cecily Williams herself had already given a full picture of the disease in 19335 (republished in 19836). In its origina ...
Anaerobic and aerobic pathways for salvage of proximal tubules
... reduction of fumarate to succinate coupled to the oxidation of reduced ubiquinone that is generated via NADH from citric acid cycle (CAC) reducing equivalents (23, 27, 42, 52). These reducing equivalents are shown in Fig. 1 as being provided by ␣-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase because that reaction wil ...
... reduction of fumarate to succinate coupled to the oxidation of reduced ubiquinone that is generated via NADH from citric acid cycle (CAC) reducing equivalents (23, 27, 42, 52). These reducing equivalents are shown in Fig. 1 as being provided by ␣-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase because that reaction wil ...
Temperature-dependent effects of cadmium and purine nucleotides
... family, which are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and can facilitate proton transport into the matrix (Goglia and Skulachev, 2003). Their activity appears to be tightly regulated with free fatty acids and superoxide acting as stimulators, and purine nucleotides, especially GDP – as inhib ...
... family, which are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and can facilitate proton transport into the matrix (Goglia and Skulachev, 2003). Their activity appears to be tightly regulated with free fatty acids and superoxide acting as stimulators, and purine nucleotides, especially GDP – as inhib ...
Analysis of the Role of Mitochondria of Sake in Fermentation Technologies
... The existence of oxygen has great impact on not only the physiology of yeast cells but also the constituents of yeast cells. This is because molecular oxygen is required for the synthesis of many biological molecules such as unsaturated fatty acids, ergosterol, and heme in yeast (Ernst and Tielker 2 ...
... The existence of oxygen has great impact on not only the physiology of yeast cells but also the constituents of yeast cells. This is because molecular oxygen is required for the synthesis of many biological molecules such as unsaturated fatty acids, ergosterol, and heme in yeast (Ernst and Tielker 2 ...
Variation in Lignin Content and Composition
... under varying conditions of environmental stress. There is no example for which the entire pathway of lignin biosynthesis has been characterized biochemically and genetically in a single tissue or a single species. Given the high degree of lignin heterogeneity among species and even within a plant, ...
... under varying conditions of environmental stress. There is no example for which the entire pathway of lignin biosynthesis has been characterized biochemically and genetically in a single tissue or a single species. Given the high degree of lignin heterogeneity among species and even within a plant, ...
Biosynthesis of geranial, a potent aroma compound in ginger
... compounds are structurally similar, they differ in aroma properties and threshold level, indicating that their composition reflects the aroma quality of whole ginger rhizome. The contents and composition of these compounds are dependent on the ginger cultivar, and variable according to cultivation a ...
... compounds are structurally similar, they differ in aroma properties and threshold level, indicating that their composition reflects the aroma quality of whole ginger rhizome. The contents and composition of these compounds are dependent on the ginger cultivar, and variable according to cultivation a ...
The uptake, metabolism, transport and transfer of nitrogen in an
... Baumgartner, 2004) and can increase the availability of different forms of N to plants (Hodge et al., 2001). However, when and where fungal transport of N plays an important part in plant nutrition remains unclear (Smith & Read, 1997; He et al., 2003). Assimilation of NH4+ is a principal means of N ...
... Baumgartner, 2004) and can increase the availability of different forms of N to plants (Hodge et al., 2001). However, when and where fungal transport of N plays an important part in plant nutrition remains unclear (Smith & Read, 1997; He et al., 2003). Assimilation of NH4+ is a principal means of N ...
Nucleic acid vaccines against rickettsial diseases and methods of use
... occurs throughout most of Africa and has an estimated endemic area of about 5 million square miles. In endemic areas, heartWater is a latent infection in indigenous breeds of ...
... occurs throughout most of Africa and has an estimated endemic area of about 5 million square miles. In endemic areas, heartWater is a latent infection in indigenous breeds of ...
Biodegradation of Melamine and Cyanuric Acid by a Newly
... melamine and simazine, were tested. Three strains degraded melamine but did not degrade simazine. Four strains degraded simazine but did not degrade melamine. One strain weakly degraded both compounds, while the remaining two strains did not degrade either of them. The three melamine-degrading strai ...
... melamine and simazine, were tested. Three strains degraded melamine but did not degrade simazine. Four strains degraded simazine but did not degrade melamine. One strain weakly degraded both compounds, while the remaining two strains did not degrade either of them. The three melamine-degrading strai ...
Supplemental Table 3
... [evidence IEA]; Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions [goid 8237] [evidence IEA]; Interacting selectively with zinc (Z ...
... [evidence IEA]; Catalysis of the hydrolysis of peptide bonds by a mechanism in which water acts as a nucleophile, one or two metal ions hold the water molecule in place, and charged amino acid side chains are ligands for the metal ions [goid 8237] [evidence IEA]; Interacting selectively with zinc (Z ...
Ch31-Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
... During fasting, many of the reactions of glycolysis are reversed as the liver produces glucose to maintain blood glucose levels. This process of glucose production is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis, which occurs primarily in the liver, is the pathway for the synthesis of glucose from compou ...
... During fasting, many of the reactions of glycolysis are reversed as the liver produces glucose to maintain blood glucose levels. This process of glucose production is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis, which occurs primarily in the liver, is the pathway for the synthesis of glucose from compou ...
The Handbook of Redox Biochemistry- ESA, Inc.
... oxygen. They obtain their energy either by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation and do not require oxygen for synthesis. When oxygen is lacking this group of organisms can oxidize some organic compounds (which act as both electron donors and acceptors) with a small release of energy, in a proce ...
... oxygen. They obtain their energy either by oxidative phosphorylation or fermentation and do not require oxygen for synthesis. When oxygen is lacking this group of organisms can oxidize some organic compounds (which act as both electron donors and acceptors) with a small release of energy, in a proce ...
Answers to Quiz Questions
... the official textbook for the International Society of Sports Nutrition’s (ISSN) certification in sports nutrition. The Study Guide is designed to assist you in understanding and mastering the text content that is necessary to achieve certification. Materials covered focus on terms, key words, concepts ...
... the official textbook for the International Society of Sports Nutrition’s (ISSN) certification in sports nutrition. The Study Guide is designed to assist you in understanding and mastering the text content that is necessary to achieve certification. Materials covered focus on terms, key words, concepts ...
Modification of the Enzymatic Activity of Renin by
... of eight normotensive control subjects. One aliquot was acidified by the Skinner plasma renin concentration (PRC) procedure.17 According to this procedure, plasma is dialyzed against a glycine buffer to pH 3.3 over 18 hours at 4°C, incubated at 32°C for 45 minutes and then dialyzed back to pH 7.4 ag ...
... of eight normotensive control subjects. One aliquot was acidified by the Skinner plasma renin concentration (PRC) procedure.17 According to this procedure, plasma is dialyzed against a glycine buffer to pH 3.3 over 18 hours at 4°C, incubated at 32°C for 45 minutes and then dialyzed back to pH 7.4 ag ...
Document
... Durio zibethinus is of economic importance and commercially grown cultivar. Only one-third of durian is edible; whereas the seeds (20-25%) are mostly thrown away after the consumption. Therefore, this crop waste can be a significant potential source of raw material useful for the development of valu ...
... Durio zibethinus is of economic importance and commercially grown cultivar. Only one-third of durian is edible; whereas the seeds (20-25%) are mostly thrown away after the consumption. Therefore, this crop waste can be a significant potential source of raw material useful for the development of valu ...
Development of prokaryotic cell-free systems for synthetic
... addition, many systems are driven by T7 RNA polymerase expression (Krieg & Melton, 1987) to encourage as much protein production as possible. Completely “synthetic” cellfree systems from purified components (Shimizu et al., 2001) have also been developed for hard-to-produce proteins. There has been ...
... addition, many systems are driven by T7 RNA polymerase expression (Krieg & Melton, 1987) to encourage as much protein production as possible. Completely “synthetic” cellfree systems from purified components (Shimizu et al., 2001) have also been developed for hard-to-produce proteins. There has been ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in
... biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis. Its growth inability on glucose could be restored through directed evolution, which was explained by an in-frame internal deletion in MTH1 (MTH1-∆T). T ...
... biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis. Its growth inability on glucose could be restored through directed evolution, which was explained by an in-frame internal deletion in MTH1 (MTH1-∆T). T ...
Thiosulfoxide (Sulfane) Sulfur: New Chemistry and New Regulatory
... on proteins is involved in regulating the activity of the proteins both by disulfide bond formation and by persulfuration. It is thought that reversible oxidation of SH groups to the sulfenyl form in regulatory proteins is a signaling mechanism [7] and that sulfuration of transfer RNA is a mechanism ...
... on proteins is involved in regulating the activity of the proteins both by disulfide bond formation and by persulfuration. It is thought that reversible oxidation of SH groups to the sulfenyl form in regulatory proteins is a signaling mechanism [7] and that sulfuration of transfer RNA is a mechanism ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.