1. Introduction to Natural Products Chemistry
... transported to another part for storage. In tobacco, for example, alkaloids (e.g., nicotine) are synthesized in the roots and are then transported via the xylem to the leaves where they are accumulated. 9.0 Alkaloids (Dayrit) ...
... transported to another part for storage. In tobacco, for example, alkaloids (e.g., nicotine) are synthesized in the roots and are then transported via the xylem to the leaves where they are accumulated. 9.0 Alkaloids (Dayrit) ...
University of Groningen To dehydrate or not Khusainov, Rustem
... with 100% acetonitrile and washed with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Subsequently, the supernatant containing the peptides was mixed with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and applied to ZipTip. Bound peptides were washed with 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid and eluted with 50% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic ...
... with 100% acetonitrile and washed with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Subsequently, the supernatant containing the peptides was mixed with 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid and applied to ZipTip. Bound peptides were washed with 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid and eluted with 50% acetonitrile and 0.1% trifluoroacetic ...
The Amino-acid Sequence in the Phenylalanyl Chain of Insulin
... positive reaction with diazotized sulphanilic acid. In many cases pairs of peptides were found, one containing tyrosine and the other this new amino-acid. It is thus considered to be a breakdown product of tyrosine produced during the oxidation with performic acid, and will be referred to as TyrX. F ...
... positive reaction with diazotized sulphanilic acid. In many cases pairs of peptides were found, one containing tyrosine and the other this new amino-acid. It is thus considered to be a breakdown product of tyrosine produced during the oxidation with performic acid, and will be referred to as TyrX. F ...
CALPAIN: TRANSITIONING FROM THE USE OF THE
... influx, thereby effecting downstream events [6,7]. Calcium has also been shown to act as a primary messenger through activation of extracellular calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid and thyroid glands, kidney, osteoblasts, gastrointestinal mucosa, and recently in the nervous system [8]. The ...
... influx, thereby effecting downstream events [6,7]. Calcium has also been shown to act as a primary messenger through activation of extracellular calcium-sensing receptors in the parathyroid and thyroid glands, kidney, osteoblasts, gastrointestinal mucosa, and recently in the nervous system [8]. The ...
post- translational modifications
... Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the cell to change the properties and activities of proteins after expression. Most of the PTMs are catalyzed by specialized enzymes. Practically all proteinogenic amino acids can be modified, thus PTMs considerably increase the diversity of protein str ...
... Post-translational modifications (PTMs) enable the cell to change the properties and activities of proteins after expression. Most of the PTMs are catalyzed by specialized enzymes. Practically all proteinogenic amino acids can be modified, thus PTMs considerably increase the diversity of protein str ...
Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber - publish.UP
... the expression of the same enzyme in the apoplast. These observations give further evidence to the presence of a mechanism by which sucrose is taken up via endocytosis to the vacuole rather than via transporters directly to the cytosol. Finally, a kinetic in silico model of sucrose breakdown is pres ...
... the expression of the same enzyme in the apoplast. These observations give further evidence to the presence of a mechanism by which sucrose is taken up via endocytosis to the vacuole rather than via transporters directly to the cytosol. Finally, a kinetic in silico model of sucrose breakdown is pres ...
Beta-alanine Supplementation
... Beta-alanine supplementation is often used by athletes to enhance workout capacity and delay fatigue ...
... Beta-alanine supplementation is often used by athletes to enhance workout capacity and delay fatigue ...
Mechanism of Posttranslational Regulation of Phenol
... enzyme forms in physiological condition is yet to be studied. Complete conversion of the two enzyme forms has not been achieved previously in vitro. Part of the physiological activity (catalyzed only with β-form PST) can be generated following partial oxidation of the R-form PST with glutathione, th ...
... enzyme forms in physiological condition is yet to be studied. Complete conversion of the two enzyme forms has not been achieved previously in vitro. Part of the physiological activity (catalyzed only with β-form PST) can be generated following partial oxidation of the R-form PST with glutathione, th ...
Systems Biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida for the enhanced
... composition make them biodegradable, biocompatible, and part of the carbon cycle of the earth. Although there is a vast knowledge base for synthesizing eco-friendly biopolymers, the industrial production of PHAs is still 5-10 more expensive to obtain than conventional plastics. Therefore, the presen ...
... composition make them biodegradable, biocompatible, and part of the carbon cycle of the earth. Although there is a vast knowledge base for synthesizing eco-friendly biopolymers, the industrial production of PHAs is still 5-10 more expensive to obtain than conventional plastics. Therefore, the presen ...
Amines and Amides
... • In addition to salts of 1°, 2°, and 3° amines, it is possible to have amine cations which contain four alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, which will always carry a positive charge, regardless of the pH of the surrounding solution. These are known as ...
... • In addition to salts of 1°, 2°, and 3° amines, it is possible to have amine cations which contain four alkyl groups attached to a nitrogen atom, which will always carry a positive charge, regardless of the pH of the surrounding solution. These are known as ...
Major players on the microbial stage: why archaea
... include: Methanospirillum hungatei, covered with a proteinaceous sheath composed of individual hoops, and with complex multilayered spacer and end plugs separating individual cells within chains (Fig. 2a) (Beveridge et al., 1985, 1991); the rectangular, ultrathin (as thin as 0.1 mm thickness) Haloqu ...
... include: Methanospirillum hungatei, covered with a proteinaceous sheath composed of individual hoops, and with complex multilayered spacer and end plugs separating individual cells within chains (Fig. 2a) (Beveridge et al., 1985, 1991); the rectangular, ultrathin (as thin as 0.1 mm thickness) Haloqu ...
Purification and characterization of a novel caffeine oxidase from
... chronic ingestion of caffeine and/or its byproduct 8chlorocaffeine (produced during chlorination) can have adverse effects on the physiological systems (Gould and Hay, 1982; White and Rasmussen, 1998). Decaffeination is usually performed by physico-chemical treatments, such as water diffusion (Feldm ...
... chronic ingestion of caffeine and/or its byproduct 8chlorocaffeine (produced during chlorination) can have adverse effects on the physiological systems (Gould and Hay, 1982; White and Rasmussen, 1998). Decaffeination is usually performed by physico-chemical treatments, such as water diffusion (Feldm ...
Glycogen
... - In order to initiate polymerization of glucose units, UTP is used as a source of energy to activate glucose in the form of UDP-glucose—wherein the UDP moiety not only contributes to the binding energy of UDP-glucose substrate to the enzymes (involved in the next two steps) but will also serve as a ...
... - In order to initiate polymerization of glucose units, UTP is used as a source of energy to activate glucose in the form of UDP-glucose—wherein the UDP moiety not only contributes to the binding energy of UDP-glucose substrate to the enzymes (involved in the next two steps) but will also serve as a ...
Acid-Base 2013 - UMF IASI 2015
... •weak acids or bases that are able to minimize changes in pH –by taking up H+ –by releasing H+ Phosphate - effective buffer HPO4 2- + (H+)«H2 PO4 •upon addition of an H+ to extracellular fluids, the monohydrogen phosphate binds H+ to form dihydrogen phosphate, minimizing the change in pH •when [H+] ...
... •weak acids or bases that are able to minimize changes in pH –by taking up H+ –by releasing H+ Phosphate - effective buffer HPO4 2- + (H+)«H2 PO4 •upon addition of an H+ to extracellular fluids, the monohydrogen phosphate binds H+ to form dihydrogen phosphate, minimizing the change in pH •when [H+] ...
Osmo- and thermo-adaptation in hyperthermophilic Archaea
... temperatures, di-myo-inositol phosphate was the predominant solute, increasing 11-fold from the optimal to the maximal growth temperature (83°C to 89°C). At the highest temperature examined, di-myo-inositol phosphate and diglycerol phosphate represented 75% (molar percentage) of the total solute poo ...
... temperatures, di-myo-inositol phosphate was the predominant solute, increasing 11-fold from the optimal to the maximal growth temperature (83°C to 89°C). At the highest temperature examined, di-myo-inositol phosphate and diglycerol phosphate represented 75% (molar percentage) of the total solute poo ...
Exploring the directionality of Escherichia coli formate
... deserves further investigation, not least as the harnessing of an alternative biological reaction capable of synthesizing organic acid from CO2 may have several biotechnological applications. In this work, experimental evidence is provided that demonstrate E. coli FHL is reversible in vivo and also ...
... deserves further investigation, not least as the harnessing of an alternative biological reaction capable of synthesizing organic acid from CO2 may have several biotechnological applications. In this work, experimental evidence is provided that demonstrate E. coli FHL is reversible in vivo and also ...
UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI CODON USAGE ADAPTATION IN PROKARYOTIC GENOMES
... subset of synonymous codons, i.e. codons that are recognized by the most abundant tRNA species (3). This bias is the result of "translational selection", i.e. using a codon that is translated by an abundant tRNA species will increase efficiency and accuracy (4). The fast accumulation of genes from t ...
... subset of synonymous codons, i.e. codons that are recognized by the most abundant tRNA species (3). This bias is the result of "translational selection", i.e. using a codon that is translated by an abundant tRNA species will increase efficiency and accuracy (4). The fast accumulation of genes from t ...
Molecular and biochemical characterization of cytosolic
... interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), with glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G16BP) being a cofactor in this reaction (Ray et al., 1983). In plant tissues, PGM is present in the cytosol and the plastid (MuÈhlbach and Schnarrenberger, 1978; Sangwan and Singh, 1987; Popov ...
... interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (G1P) and glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), with glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (G16BP) being a cofactor in this reaction (Ray et al., 1983). In plant tissues, PGM is present in the cytosol and the plastid (MuÈhlbach and Schnarrenberger, 1978; Sangwan and Singh, 1987; Popov ...
STUDIES ON THE CHLORAMPHENICOL HALOGENASE CmlS
... for the regio- and stereoselective incorporation of halogens into natural products. These enzymes require FAD, O2, NADH, and a flavin reductase to perform catalysis. The majority of these enzymes are observed to catalyze the halogenation of aromatic substrates. CmlS is a unique member of the flavin- ...
... for the regio- and stereoselective incorporation of halogens into natural products. These enzymes require FAD, O2, NADH, and a flavin reductase to perform catalysis. The majority of these enzymes are observed to catalyze the halogenation of aromatic substrates. CmlS is a unique member of the flavin- ...
Regulation of Starch Synthesis in Cassava Yona Baguma
... constitutes between 11% and 37% of storage starch (Shannon & Garwood, 1984), is smaller, essentially linear with less than 1% α-1,6 branches and synthesised within the matrix formed by amylopectin (Ball & Morell, 2003; Buléon et al., 1998; Takeda, Guan & Preiss, 1993). In general, amylopectin is sim ...
... constitutes between 11% and 37% of storage starch (Shannon & Garwood, 1984), is smaller, essentially linear with less than 1% α-1,6 branches and synthesised within the matrix formed by amylopectin (Ball & Morell, 2003; Buléon et al., 1998; Takeda, Guan & Preiss, 1993). In general, amylopectin is sim ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.