Full Text
... enzymes, the subsites −2 to +2 are the most important determinants of substrate specificity. In this review, we analyze the available data on the structure and catalytic mechanisms of PLs and group the PL families into classes based on their folds. Substrates of PLs PL substrates have different origin ...
... enzymes, the subsites −2 to +2 are the most important determinants of substrate specificity. In this review, we analyze the available data on the structure and catalytic mechanisms of PLs and group the PL families into classes based on their folds. Substrates of PLs PL substrates have different origin ...
A conserved N-‐terminal domain of Rif2 regulates telomere length in
... All of the S. cerevisiae strains (termed yeast strains) and oligonucleotides (termed primers) for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and for construction of plasmids used in this study are listed in the suppl ...
... All of the S. cerevisiae strains (termed yeast strains) and oligonucleotides (termed primers) for PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and for construction of plasmids used in this study are listed in the suppl ...
Citrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria
... accepted, up to the 1980s [25,26,27], although the biochemical evidence supporting its existence remained scarce and the 'diacetyl synthase' had never been identified. In another school of thought [28,29] it is assumed that the production of C4 compounds by lactic acid bacteria proceeds in a similar ...
... accepted, up to the 1980s [25,26,27], although the biochemical evidence supporting its existence remained scarce and the 'diacetyl synthase' had never been identified. In another school of thought [28,29] it is assumed that the production of C4 compounds by lactic acid bacteria proceeds in a similar ...
Recycling of vitamin B12 and NAD+ within the Pdu
... that PduS is a monomer and each monomer of PduS contains one non-covalently bound FMN and two [4Fe-4S] clusters which are oxygen-labile. Genetic studies showed that a pduS deletion decreased the growth rate of Salmonella on 1,2-PD supporting a role in cobalamin reduction in vivo. Further SDS-PAGE an ...
... that PduS is a monomer and each monomer of PduS contains one non-covalently bound FMN and two [4Fe-4S] clusters which are oxygen-labile. Genetic studies showed that a pduS deletion decreased the growth rate of Salmonella on 1,2-PD supporting a role in cobalamin reduction in vivo. Further SDS-PAGE an ...
GLUCOKINASE ACTIVATORS: A GLUCOSE SENSOR ROLE IN PANCREATIC ISLETS AND HEPATOCYTE
... GKAs are, small molecules with a considerable variety of chemical structures that mostly adhere to a common pharmacophore model with related structural moties. The model consists of a center of a carbon or an aromatic ring with three attachments to it. Two of these are hydrophobic, and at least one ...
... GKAs are, small molecules with a considerable variety of chemical structures that mostly adhere to a common pharmacophore model with related structural moties. The model consists of a center of a carbon or an aromatic ring with three attachments to it. Two of these are hydrophobic, and at least one ...
SCHEMA Recombination of a
... IIs encoding the C313S substitution (C314S in H. insolens and C311S in H. jecorina) were constructed and expressed, and the T50 values of the enzymes were determined. We also quantified the stabilities of chimeras 11111131 and 22222232, in which the stabilizing B7P3 is substituted into the wild type ...
... IIs encoding the C313S substitution (C314S in H. insolens and C311S in H. jecorina) were constructed and expressed, and the T50 values of the enzymes were determined. We also quantified the stabilities of chimeras 11111131 and 22222232, in which the stabilizing B7P3 is substituted into the wild type ...
Gene Section SOX10 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10)
... different sets of transcription factors. SOX10 probably shares further roles with its close relatives SOX9 and SOX8 with which it is co-expressed in several cell types and functions in a partly redundant manner. ...
... different sets of transcription factors. SOX10 probably shares further roles with its close relatives SOX9 and SOX8 with which it is co-expressed in several cell types and functions in a partly redundant manner. ...
Chapter 8: Energy generation:glycolysis
... The glycolysis pathway can be divided into two phases, the first phase comprising steps 1–5 and culminating in synthesis of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and the second phase made up of steps 6–10, when glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is metabolized into pyruvate. The first phase does not generate ATP. In ...
... The glycolysis pathway can be divided into two phases, the first phase comprising steps 1–5 and culminating in synthesis of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and the second phase made up of steps 6–10, when glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is metabolized into pyruvate. The first phase does not generate ATP. In ...
The Role of Epidermal Lipids in Cutaneous Permeability Barrier
... increase in HMG CoA reductase activity occurs in both the upper and lower epidermis (79). Additionally, mRNA levels of other key enzymes in the cholesterol synthetic pathway, including HMG CoA synthase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and squalene synthase, also increase following acute barrier disr ...
... increase in HMG CoA reductase activity occurs in both the upper and lower epidermis (79). Additionally, mRNA levels of other key enzymes in the cholesterol synthetic pathway, including HMG CoA synthase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, and squalene synthase, also increase following acute barrier disr ...
Membrane transporters in a human genome-scale
... Membrane transporters mediate the transport of solutes across cell and organelle membranes. Transport processes can generate concentration gradients (e.g., active transport process) and membrane potentials (i.e., electrochemical gradient), and they contribute to the regulation of biochemical pathway ...
... Membrane transporters mediate the transport of solutes across cell and organelle membranes. Transport processes can generate concentration gradients (e.g., active transport process) and membrane potentials (i.e., electrochemical gradient), and they contribute to the regulation of biochemical pathway ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... D600 was between 0.5 and 0.7, at which point recombinant protein expression was induced with 1 mM IPTG (isopropyl β-Dthiogalactoside) and grown for 16 h at room temperature (25 ◦C). Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 3500 g for 20 min at 4 ◦C before being suspended in buffer A (50 mM Tris/HCl ...
... D600 was between 0.5 and 0.7, at which point recombinant protein expression was induced with 1 mM IPTG (isopropyl β-Dthiogalactoside) and grown for 16 h at room temperature (25 ◦C). Cells were harvested by centrifugation at 3500 g for 20 min at 4 ◦C before being suspended in buffer A (50 mM Tris/HCl ...
Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for protein
... and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on Population Reference Intakes for the European population on energy and macronutrients, including protein. ...
... and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on Population Reference Intakes for the European population on energy and macronutrients, including protein. ...
Modulation of functional properties of bifunctional S- Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase/Ornithine decarboxylase of
... 2.10: The WT, A/OpG1 and A/OpG1G2 proteins after minimization and molecular dynamics..... 44 3.1: AdoMetDC and ODC activity in the PfAdoMetDC/ODC after deletion mutagenesis........... 50 3.2: The mutagenic primer positions on the parasite-specific inserts............................................. ...
... 2.10: The WT, A/OpG1 and A/OpG1G2 proteins after minimization and molecular dynamics..... 44 3.1: AdoMetDC and ODC activity in the PfAdoMetDC/ODC after deletion mutagenesis........... 50 3.2: The mutagenic primer positions on the parasite-specific inserts............................................. ...
Life in the slow lane: molecular mechanisms of estivation
... enzymes and functional proteins can be made via the addition or removal of covalently bound phosphate through the action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The virtually onyoff control of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) that is provided by this mechanism is a classic example, and a coordinated ...
... enzymes and functional proteins can be made via the addition or removal of covalently bound phosphate through the action of protein kinases and protein phosphatases. The virtually onyoff control of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) that is provided by this mechanism is a classic example, and a coordinated ...
Antimicrobial peptides
... comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1, With the proviso that the aforesaid peptide does not consist of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 5. ...
... comprises or consists of SEQ ID NO: 1, With the proviso that the aforesaid peptide does not consist of SEQ ID NOs: 2 to 5. ...
Chapter 5 Endocrine Regulation of Glucose - Rose
... The adipose tissue is the major site of fatty acid storage. Fatty acids are stored in the form of triacylglycerol, which is synthesized in the adipose tissue from glycerolphosphate and free fatty acids. The glycerol-phosphate used must be derived from glycolysis in the adipose tissue; free glycerol ...
... The adipose tissue is the major site of fatty acid storage. Fatty acids are stored in the form of triacylglycerol, which is synthesized in the adipose tissue from glycerolphosphate and free fatty acids. The glycerol-phosphate used must be derived from glycolysis in the adipose tissue; free glycerol ...
Practical Aspects of Estimating Energy Components in
... Purified ten targeted proteins from sera of patients with various types of advanced stage(stage III-IV)cancers. These proteins were identified as isoforms of the human serum amyloid protein A (SAA) family with or without truncations at their N-terminals. ...
... Purified ten targeted proteins from sera of patients with various types of advanced stage(stage III-IV)cancers. These proteins were identified as isoforms of the human serum amyloid protein A (SAA) family with or without truncations at their N-terminals. ...
Structure-Based Prediction of Asparagine and Aspartate
... reactions in proteins are the chemical degradation of Asn [4] and Asp residues [5,6]. While these reactions may be kept under control by appropriate storage and formulation conditions [7–10] ...
... reactions in proteins are the chemical degradation of Asn [4] and Asp residues [5,6]. While these reactions may be kept under control by appropriate storage and formulation conditions [7–10] ...
Environmental Microbiology
... key genes in IAA synthesis still produced detectable amounts of IAA (Hartmann and Zimmer, 1994). This led to the conclusion that there are either several copies of the essential genes for IAA synthesis present in A. brasilense, or at least two synthetic pathways. Subsequent studies have substantiate ...
... key genes in IAA synthesis still produced detectable amounts of IAA (Hartmann and Zimmer, 1994). This led to the conclusion that there are either several copies of the essential genes for IAA synthesis present in A. brasilense, or at least two synthetic pathways. Subsequent studies have substantiate ...
THE ATP SYNTHASE—A SPLENDID MOLECULAR MACHINE
... γ -subunit. The helical structures protrude about 30 Å below the main body and are likely a portion of the ∼45-Å stalk connecting to the membrane-inserted F0 portion. Other portions of the γ -subunit and the δ- and ε-subunits are not sufficiently ordered in the crystals for structural definition. ...
... γ -subunit. The helical structures protrude about 30 Å below the main body and are likely a portion of the ∼45-Å stalk connecting to the membrane-inserted F0 portion. Other portions of the γ -subunit and the δ- and ε-subunits are not sufficiently ordered in the crystals for structural definition. ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... Nitrogen fixation can be performed by rhizobia soil bacteria in symbiosis with legume plants. This process has been extensively studied, and the entire genome sequences of select Rhizobiaceae bacteria (such as Azorhizobium, Allorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Sinorhizobium) ...
... Nitrogen fixation can be performed by rhizobia soil bacteria in symbiosis with legume plants. This process has been extensively studied, and the entire genome sequences of select Rhizobiaceae bacteria (such as Azorhizobium, Allorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Sinorhizobium) ...
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed
... related to vanillin5 as well as from glucose6. Previous studies have shown the conversion of a variety of compounds into vanillin glucoside after administration to V. planifolia pods. These studies suggest that vanillin glucoside is derived from phenylalanine, the shikimate pathway intermediates or ...
... related to vanillin5 as well as from glucose6. Previous studies have shown the conversion of a variety of compounds into vanillin glucoside after administration to V. planifolia pods. These studies suggest that vanillin glucoside is derived from phenylalanine, the shikimate pathway intermediates or ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.