A chitin-binding domain in a marine bacterial
... Cellulose and chitin, the first and second most abundant biopolymers in nature, are composed of 1,4+linked pyranose units whose glycosidic bonds are hydrolysed by cellulases and chitinases, respectively. These enzymes consist of discrete domains, which can be arranged in different orders in differen ...
... Cellulose and chitin, the first and second most abundant biopolymers in nature, are composed of 1,4+linked pyranose units whose glycosidic bonds are hydrolysed by cellulases and chitinases, respectively. These enzymes consist of discrete domains, which can be arranged in different orders in differen ...
... biomass waste, and cannot be easily converted to simple monomeric sugars due to its recalcitrant nature. Xylan, the major component of hemicellulose in plant cell walls, is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose (TAN et al., 2008). Xylan polymer consists of a main chain of β-1,4- li ...
Anaerobic respiration with elemental sulfur and with disulfides
... polysulfide reductase. The enzymes are integrated in the cytoplasmic membrane with the catalytic subunits exposed to the periplasm. The mechanism of electron transfer from formate dehydrogenase or hydrogenase to polysulfide reductase is discussed. The catalytic subunit of polysulfide reductase belon ...
... polysulfide reductase. The enzymes are integrated in the cytoplasmic membrane with the catalytic subunits exposed to the periplasm. The mechanism of electron transfer from formate dehydrogenase or hydrogenase to polysulfide reductase is discussed. The catalytic subunit of polysulfide reductase belon ...
Organic Molecules
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... are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ...
Addition of protein and amino acids to carbohydrates
... days in between. To minimize differences in resting muscle glycogen concentration, subjects completed an activity and diet recall log in which they recorded diet and activity patterns 48 h before the first trial. Subjects were instructed to follow the same patterns before the second trial. Furthermo ...
... days in between. To minimize differences in resting muscle glycogen concentration, subjects completed an activity and diet recall log in which they recorded diet and activity patterns 48 h before the first trial. Subjects were instructed to follow the same patterns before the second trial. Furthermo ...
Metabolic significance of inorganic triphosphate, thiamine
... this superfamily have been characterized and they all have in common that they act on triphosphorylated substrates. Some bacterial members (the N. europeae specifically) hydrolyze inorganic triphosphate (PPPi) which raises the question of the physiological significance of this compound. We first stu ...
... this superfamily have been characterized and they all have in common that they act on triphosphorylated substrates. Some bacterial members (the N. europeae specifically) hydrolyze inorganic triphosphate (PPPi) which raises the question of the physiological significance of this compound. We first stu ...
Molecular and General Genetics.
... we studied IAA production in the presence of Trp, indole (Ind) and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). Our results are consistent with the existence of a tryptophan-dependent route for IAA production, other than the IPyA pathway, that is repressed when gluconate is the carbon source. Physiological evidence ...
... we studied IAA production in the presence of Trp, indole (Ind) and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA). Our results are consistent with the existence of a tryptophan-dependent route for IAA production, other than the IPyA pathway, that is repressed when gluconate is the carbon source. Physiological evidence ...
Vapor phase alkylation of toluene using various
... the hazardous mentioned catalysts, is very interesting from both the environmental and economic points of view. No pollution problems are caused by these solid acids, whose pore structure is able to induce unique selectivity effects. Heterogeneous catalysts such as zeolites have proved to be central ...
... the hazardous mentioned catalysts, is very interesting from both the environmental and economic points of view. No pollution problems are caused by these solid acids, whose pore structure is able to induce unique selectivity effects. Heterogeneous catalysts such as zeolites have proved to be central ...
Different lipid A types in lipopolysaccharides of phototrophic and
... fatty acids, either directly linked to the backbone amino sugar or substituting the OH groups of amide-linked fatty acids (acyloxyacyl groups) (Fig. 2B, [21,22]). Lipid AOAc from Pseudomonas diminuta has even a backbone with disaccharidic 2,3-diaminoglucose [23]. It contains ester-bound phosphate an ...
... fatty acids, either directly linked to the backbone amino sugar or substituting the OH groups of amide-linked fatty acids (acyloxyacyl groups) (Fig. 2B, [21,22]). Lipid AOAc from Pseudomonas diminuta has even a backbone with disaccharidic 2,3-diaminoglucose [23]. It contains ester-bound phosphate an ...
HEMOGLOBIN Since native hemoglobin is readily oxidized in air
... Hemoglobin is the major component of red blood cells, and is responsible for their red color. Its normal concentration in erythrocytes is 34%. Hemoglobin is the most important respiratory protein of vertebrates by virtue of its ability to transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, and to facil ...
... Hemoglobin is the major component of red blood cells, and is responsible for their red color. Its normal concentration in erythrocytes is 34%. Hemoglobin is the most important respiratory protein of vertebrates by virtue of its ability to transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, and to facil ...
The DNA Binding Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad51
... for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks caused by ionizing irradiation (2). Biochemical studies of Rad51 protein demonstrated that it shares similar properties to RecA protein, including ssDNA1-dependent ATPase activity, homologous pairing, and DNA strand exchange activity (3–5), and the formatio ...
... for the repair of double-strand DNA breaks caused by ionizing irradiation (2). Biochemical studies of Rad51 protein demonstrated that it shares similar properties to RecA protein, including ssDNA1-dependent ATPase activity, homologous pairing, and DNA strand exchange activity (3–5), and the formatio ...
Multiomics of tomato glandular trichomes reveals
... (LA1777), 8.6-fold (LA4024)) (Figure 3, Supplemental Dataset 3). Notably, the latter metabolites are involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation and in starch biosynthesis, which appear to be less active in trichomes than in leaves. Besides this, trichomes of LA1777 and LA4024 accumulate ...
... (LA1777), 8.6-fold (LA4024)) (Figure 3, Supplemental Dataset 3). Notably, the latter metabolites are involved in photosynthetic carbon fixation and in starch biosynthesis, which appear to be less active in trichomes than in leaves. Besides this, trichomes of LA1777 and LA4024 accumulate ...
Investigating the Role of ADP-forming Acetyl-CoA
... metabolism spanning all three domains of life. Acetate can be excreted as an end product, utilized as a carbon source, and used for modification of proteins by acetylation. The conversion between acetyl-CoA and acetate is an important cellular process that can be catalyzed by multiple pathways. One ...
... metabolism spanning all three domains of life. Acetate can be excreted as an end product, utilized as a carbon source, and used for modification of proteins by acetylation. The conversion between acetyl-CoA and acetate is an important cellular process that can be catalyzed by multiple pathways. One ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... for E. coli for the biosynthesis of building blocks (Ingraham e t al., 1983; Holms, 1986) together with the kinetic constants observed during exponential growth on benzoate, carbon flux distribution through the central metabolism and associated energetic yields were estimated (Fig. 2a; Table 1). The ...
... for E. coli for the biosynthesis of building blocks (Ingraham e t al., 1983; Holms, 1986) together with the kinetic constants observed during exponential growth on benzoate, carbon flux distribution through the central metabolism and associated energetic yields were estimated (Fig. 2a; Table 1). The ...
Noba Vital range - Noba Vital Plus, Noba Vital
... Intestinal vitality The Noba Vital range consists of Noba Vital Plus, Noba Vital Pure and Noba Vital Pro. Noba Vital Plus is a special fat with a high concentration of lauric acid (C12). Noba developed Noba Vital Pure on the basis of a unique, fatty acid complex formula consisting of medium-chain fa ...
... Intestinal vitality The Noba Vital range consists of Noba Vital Plus, Noba Vital Pure and Noba Vital Pro. Noba Vital Plus is a special fat with a high concentration of lauric acid (C12). Noba developed Noba Vital Pure on the basis of a unique, fatty acid complex formula consisting of medium-chain fa ...
PelleyStep1ReviewInBiochemistry
... no elevation of homocysteine, and normocytic anemia with increased peripheral blood reticulocytes. Numerous spiculated red blood cells (RBCs) are apparent in the peripheral smear. The patient most likely has impaired activity for which of the following enzymes? A ...
... no elevation of homocysteine, and normocytic anemia with increased peripheral blood reticulocytes. Numerous spiculated red blood cells (RBCs) are apparent in the peripheral smear. The patient most likely has impaired activity for which of the following enzymes? A ...
Maize EMBRYO SAC family peptides interact differentially with
... ES1, ES2, ES3, and ES4 are highly similar and have in common a conserved defensin/DEFL motif of eight cysteines forming four intramolecular disulfide bridges. A black arrowhead marks predicted cleavage sites. Asterisks indicate identical amino acids of ES1–4 and double colons indicate mismatches. ES ...
... ES1, ES2, ES3, and ES4 are highly similar and have in common a conserved defensin/DEFL motif of eight cysteines forming four intramolecular disulfide bridges. A black arrowhead marks predicted cleavage sites. Asterisks indicate identical amino acids of ES1–4 and double colons indicate mismatches. ES ...
Structure-based design of inhibitors of NS3 serine protease
... of the strands contributed by the NS4A cofactor [10]. The C-terminal region (residues 94–175) contains a six-stranded -barrel that ends with a helix. The active site (His:57, Asp:81 and Ser:139) is located between these two regions and is formed by a shallow solvent exposed pocket requiring many in ...
... of the strands contributed by the NS4A cofactor [10]. The C-terminal region (residues 94–175) contains a six-stranded -barrel that ends with a helix. The active site (His:57, Asp:81 and Ser:139) is located between these two regions and is formed by a shallow solvent exposed pocket requiring many in ...
AHAS herbicide resistance endowing mutations: effect on AHAS
... resistance mutations in Lolium rigidum on AHAS functionality and plant growth. The enzyme kinetics of AHAS from five purified L. rigidum populations, each homozygous for the resistance mutations Pro-197-Ala, Pro-197-Arg, Pro-197-Gln, Pro-197-Ser or Trp-574-Leu, were characterized and the pleiotropic ...
... resistance mutations in Lolium rigidum on AHAS functionality and plant growth. The enzyme kinetics of AHAS from five purified L. rigidum populations, each homozygous for the resistance mutations Pro-197-Ala, Pro-197-Arg, Pro-197-Gln, Pro-197-Ser or Trp-574-Leu, were characterized and the pleiotropic ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.