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The Activity of Steroids as Growth Factors for a
... giving peaks in the ultraviolet. Autoxidation does not occur under the conditions of these experiments. The results of testing other products of the mild oxidation of cholesterol were as follows: ( a ) ChoZestanes. Cholestane-3, 6-dione (m.p. 170-171") gave an activity curve almost superimposable up ...
... giving peaks in the ultraviolet. Autoxidation does not occur under the conditions of these experiments. The results of testing other products of the mild oxidation of cholesterol were as follows: ( a ) ChoZestanes. Cholestane-3, 6-dione (m.p. 170-171") gave an activity curve almost superimposable up ...
... (Losso, 2008). These classes of proteins has been studied due to its application in the treatment of different pathologies as cancer (Zhang et al., 2011), antifungal activity (Kim et al., 2005), inflammation and coagulation (Machado et al., 2013) or as bioinsecticides (Rai et al., 2010), demonstra ...
Production of lactic acid using a new homofermentative
... preferred component of many food and industrial applications that is currently produced via biological fermentation utilizing lactic acid bacteria or fungi such as Rhizopus. Some recombinant yeast strains have also been used to produce lactic acid from various carbon feedstocks (Porro et al., 2008). ...
... preferred component of many food and industrial applications that is currently produced via biological fermentation utilizing lactic acid bacteria or fungi such as Rhizopus. Some recombinant yeast strains have also been used to produce lactic acid from various carbon feedstocks (Porro et al., 2008). ...
Heterotrophic cultures
... defined as the use of organic compounds for growth (Droop, 1974). Heterotrophs are organisms whose substrate and energy needs are derived from organic compounds synthesized by other organisms (Kaplan et al., 1986). The basic culture medium composition for heterotrophic cultures is similar to the aut ...
... defined as the use of organic compounds for growth (Droop, 1974). Heterotrophs are organisms whose substrate and energy needs are derived from organic compounds synthesized by other organisms (Kaplan et al., 1986). The basic culture medium composition for heterotrophic cultures is similar to the aut ...
Peptide Transport in Helicobacter pylori: Roles of Dpp
... sterilization, ferrous sulfate was added to a final concentration of 2 g/ml from a 1,000⫻ stock solution (38), and a trace metal solution (ZnSO4 䡠 7H2O, 100 mg/liter; H3BO3, 300 mg/liter; CoCl2 䡠 6H2O, 200 mg/liter; CuCl2 䡠 2H2O, 10 mg/liter; NiCl2 䡠 2H2O, 20 mg/liter; Na2MoO4 䡠 H2O, 30 mg/liter) ( ...
... sterilization, ferrous sulfate was added to a final concentration of 2 g/ml from a 1,000⫻ stock solution (38), and a trace metal solution (ZnSO4 䡠 7H2O, 100 mg/liter; H3BO3, 300 mg/liter; CoCl2 䡠 6H2O, 200 mg/liter; CuCl2 䡠 2H2O, 10 mg/liter; NiCl2 䡠 2H2O, 20 mg/liter; Na2MoO4 䡠 H2O, 30 mg/liter) ( ...
The PRT protein family Sangita C Sinha* and Janet L Smith
... on states of PRTases relevant to catalysis, effectively providing snapshots along the reaction pathway [31,40]. The closed-loop structures, in particular, provide a remarkably consistent picture of Mg•PRPP binding. Mg•PRPP binds in a virtually identical manner in these structures, despite the absenc ...
... on states of PRTases relevant to catalysis, effectively providing snapshots along the reaction pathway [31,40]. The closed-loop structures, in particular, provide a remarkably consistent picture of Mg•PRPP binding. Mg•PRPP binds in a virtually identical manner in these structures, despite the absenc ...
Fat Metabolism
... • 1 FADH2…………………………1.5 ATP • 1 NADH………………………….2.5 ATP • 1 Acetyl CoA to Krebs – 3 NADH X 2.5 ATP / NADH………7.5 ATP – 1 FADH2…………………………….1.5 ATP – 1 GTP………………………………..1.0 ATP ...
... • 1 FADH2…………………………1.5 ATP • 1 NADH………………………….2.5 ATP • 1 Acetyl CoA to Krebs – 3 NADH X 2.5 ATP / NADH………7.5 ATP – 1 FADH2…………………………….1.5 ATP – 1 GTP………………………………..1.0 ATP ...
Glutathione Conjugation
... GST has a pKa of ~ 6.5 (M)- (P) -7.4 (A). Thus, the nucleophilic GS- is bound, rather than GSH. This is due to a hydrogen bond to a conserved tyrosine (M, P, A), Cys (O) or ser (T). For some A class isoforms, the tyrosine has 'unusual' properties as well.! !structures from each class indicate that s ...
... GST has a pKa of ~ 6.5 (M)- (P) -7.4 (A). Thus, the nucleophilic GS- is bound, rather than GSH. This is due to a hydrogen bond to a conserved tyrosine (M, P, A), Cys (O) or ser (T). For some A class isoforms, the tyrosine has 'unusual' properties as well.! !structures from each class indicate that s ...
Proton-Coupled Electron Flow in Protein Redox Machines
... Intermolecular flash-quench methods have been used to study systems in which charge separation does not compete with excited-state decay or when the lifetime of the chargeseparated state must be protracted.22,23,28 This method takes advantage of bimolecular quenching and scavenging reactions to sepa ...
... Intermolecular flash-quench methods have been used to study systems in which charge separation does not compete with excited-state decay or when the lifetime of the chargeseparated state must be protracted.22,23,28 This method takes advantage of bimolecular quenching and scavenging reactions to sepa ...
Identification of Modified Amino Acids by Edman Sequencing
... Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) has directed numerous studies focused on various aspects of Edman degradation of proteins and peptides. These studies provide a means for participating laboratories to compare their analyses against a benchmark of those from other laboratories that provide thi ...
... Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) has directed numerous studies focused on various aspects of Edman degradation of proteins and peptides. These studies provide a means for participating laboratories to compare their analyses against a benchmark of those from other laboratories that provide thi ...
Malic acid production by Aspergillus oryzae
... Citric acid is a well-known organic acid that is extensively used in the food and beverage industry as it combines a pleasant taste with low toxicity and palatability. It serves several functions in the food formulation, like sterilization, flavor fixation and enhancement, bacterial stabilization, a ...
... Citric acid is a well-known organic acid that is extensively used in the food and beverage industry as it combines a pleasant taste with low toxicity and palatability. It serves several functions in the food formulation, like sterilization, flavor fixation and enhancement, bacterial stabilization, a ...
Substrate Specificity and Mechanism from the Structure of
... in an anti conformation with the adenine ring situated in a hydrophobic pocket formed by the side-chains of residues Phe52, Trp69, Ile94, Phe110 and Leu100 (Figure 4(a)). This anti conformation of the adenine ring contrasts with the syn conformation proposed in the recent structure determination of ...
... in an anti conformation with the adenine ring situated in a hydrophobic pocket formed by the side-chains of residues Phe52, Trp69, Ile94, Phe110 and Leu100 (Figure 4(a)). This anti conformation of the adenine ring contrasts with the syn conformation proposed in the recent structure determination of ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... mit.) of 626 amino acids with a molecular mass of 71 kDa. The protein shows 96 and 90% identity with CrAT from mouse and human, respectively. The N-terminal end of the primary translation product has a 21 amino-acid sequence before the second methionine, which is the putative first amino acid in per ...
... mit.) of 626 amino acids with a molecular mass of 71 kDa. The protein shows 96 and 90% identity with CrAT from mouse and human, respectively. The N-terminal end of the primary translation product has a 21 amino-acid sequence before the second methionine, which is the putative first amino acid in per ...
Energy metabolism in the mantle muscle of the squid
... the Experimental section. Values are the means + S D . for n = 6 animals (for arginine phosphate n=2). Exercised values are each significantly different from their corresponding values in the muscle at rest, P<0.01 ...
... the Experimental section. Values are the means + S D . for n = 6 animals (for arginine phosphate n=2). Exercised values are each significantly different from their corresponding values in the muscle at rest, P<0.01 ...
Nucleotide sequence of the Tn10 encoded tetracycline resistance
... from Tn10 and gives the araino acid composition for the 43.3 kDa protein. The codon usage is clearly non-random and rather different from other E. coll proteins [19]. Very striking is the use of UUU 22 times out of 28 codons for Phe. A similar observation has been made for the transposon Tn3 genes [ ...
... from Tn10 and gives the araino acid composition for the 43.3 kDa protein. The codon usage is clearly non-random and rather different from other E. coll proteins [19]. Very striking is the use of UUU 22 times out of 28 codons for Phe. A similar observation has been made for the transposon Tn3 genes [ ...
Gustav Fischer Verlag Stuttgart • New York
... Institut für Biochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie der Universität Regensburg, D-8400 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany ...
... Institut für Biochemie, Genetik und Mikrobiologie der Universität Regensburg, D-8400 Regensburg, Federal Republic of Germany ...
Branched-chain amino acids improve glucose
... studies in Italy and Japan showed that long-term oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) in advanced cirrhosis was useful for prevention of progressive hepatic failure, inasmuch as it improved surrogate markers and perceived health status (8a, 9a, 12, 18). In Japan, pharmacologica ...
... studies in Italy and Japan showed that long-term oral supplementation with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) in advanced cirrhosis was useful for prevention of progressive hepatic failure, inasmuch as it improved surrogate markers and perceived health status (8a, 9a, 12, 18). In Japan, pharmacologica ...
Biosynthesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The_lipid_and_lipid_bilayer.png?width=300)
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.