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Exam1_actual
Exam1_actual

160 GLUCOSE DECREASES DURING AMINO ACID
160 GLUCOSE DECREASES DURING AMINO ACID

... The application of FU in the treatment of colon cancer is limited because of myeloid and gastrointestinal toxicity. It has been demonstrated that UR is able to rescue mice from the toxic effects of FU, which precludes the use of higher FU doses. Antitumor effect and toxicity were studied in two muri ...
Exam I Cell and Molecular Biology September 26, 2007 This exam
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... 6. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol esters are nonpolar; in contrast, phospholipids are amphipathic molecules. Biomembranes are based on phospholipids rather than on triacylglycerols. Why? Biomembranes are based on phospholipids rather than on triacylglycerols because phospholipids as amphipathic mol ...
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... 1. Summarize the ‘Central Dogma’ of biology. 2. Describe the structure of a protein (what are the sub-components of a protein? What makes proteins different from each other? How is its final structure formed?) 3. Differentiate the places in a cell where DNA is stored in a cell and where proteins are ...
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... two spiraling nucleotide strands joined by pairs of base compounds. ...
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... Terrestrial vertebrates synthesize urea (excreted by the kidneys) - ureotelic organisms Birds, reptiles synthesize uric acid Urea formation takes place in the liver ...
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... – Identify the structural units of the protein backbone. – Explain why some backbone conformations are “forbidden”, i.e. not found in natural proteins. – Name properties on which the amino acids can be grouped. – Name more amino acids than you could before One and three letter codes ...
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... • Made from amino acids chains • The polymer protein is made up of the monomer amino acids • 20 different amino acids • bonded together by peptide bonds • Even though there are only 20 amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the sequence and number of amino acids in a chain can v ...
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... 1. The enzyme that acts on ketone bodies to convert them into a form that can be broken down into acetyl CoA is present in brain, but not in liver. What type of reaction is catalyzed by this enzyme? a. Oxidation. b. Dehydration. c. Transfer of CoA. d. Hydroxylation. e. Decarboxylation. 2. Erucic aci ...
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... Strands of nucleotides held together by sugar-phosphate backbone. Two strands are paired together with hydrogen bonds between paired bases. One strand is the template for the other (base pairing rules— this property gives DNA its unique quality of being able to self-replicate) DNA replication DNA tr ...
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... Nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P). Nucleic acids carry the genetic information in a cell. DNA or deoxyribose nucleic acid contains all the instructions for making every protein nee ...
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Biosynthesis



Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.
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