AP Biology Review – Unit 1
... • The oxygen molecule in water, however, has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen molecules. When they combine to form water, the electrons involved are unequally shared, tending to be nearer to the oxygen nucleus because of its greater electronegativity, giving the oxygen end of the chemica ...
... • The oxygen molecule in water, however, has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen molecules. When they combine to form water, the electrons involved are unequally shared, tending to be nearer to the oxygen nucleus because of its greater electronegativity, giving the oxygen end of the chemica ...
paper - ap pgecet
... An alpha helix made up of 114 aminoacid residues. What will be the value of its axial length and also length when polypeptide chain is fully extended? (A) 171 Å , 410.4 Å (B) 171 Å, 171 Å (C) 410.4 Å , 171 Å (D) 410.4 Å, 410.4 Å ...
... An alpha helix made up of 114 aminoacid residues. What will be the value of its axial length and also length when polypeptide chain is fully extended? (A) 171 Å , 410.4 Å (B) 171 Å, 171 Å (C) 410.4 Å , 171 Å (D) 410.4 Å, 410.4 Å ...
Free Form Amino Caps
... for growth and maintenance of all tissues and structures. Proteins and amino acids also serve as a source of energy, providing about 4 calories per gram. Aside from these general functions, individual amino acids also have specific functions in many aspects of human physiology and biochemistry. Amin ...
... for growth and maintenance of all tissues and structures. Proteins and amino acids also serve as a source of energy, providing about 4 calories per gram. Aside from these general functions, individual amino acids also have specific functions in many aspects of human physiology and biochemistry. Amin ...
Pantesin HF55
... Pantesin HF55 Pantesin is a high-quality pharmaceutical grade branded form of Pantethine that is a biological active form of Vitamin B5. Pantethine forms the reactive component of Coenzyme A (CoA) and the acyl-carrier protein (ACP). CoA and ACP are extensively involved in carbohydrate, lipid and ami ...
... Pantesin HF55 Pantesin is a high-quality pharmaceutical grade branded form of Pantethine that is a biological active form of Vitamin B5. Pantethine forms the reactive component of Coenzyme A (CoA) and the acyl-carrier protein (ACP). CoA and ACP are extensively involved in carbohydrate, lipid and ami ...
Section 2 - Introduction to Molecular Biology
... • In replication, the double helix becomes unzipped and free nucleotides bind to the their complementary pair nucleotides on the single strands. Thus each strand acts as a template for a new strand of DNA. The reaction is catalysed by DNA polymerase- this causes the chain to elongate, but it can’t s ...
... • In replication, the double helix becomes unzipped and free nucleotides bind to the their complementary pair nucleotides on the single strands. Thus each strand acts as a template for a new strand of DNA. The reaction is catalysed by DNA polymerase- this causes the chain to elongate, but it can’t s ...
Study guide for Midterm 3.
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
... group shuttle outlined in Figure 21-10. a. Write the overall equation for the transfer of one acetyl group from the mitochondrion to the cytosol. b. What is the cost of this process in ATPs per acetyl group? c. In Chapter 17 we encountered an acyl group shuttle in the transfer of fatty acyl–CoA from ...
Lecture 17: Nitrogen metabolism
... acids. Those that cannot be synthesized have to come from diet/food. ...
... acids. Those that cannot be synthesized have to come from diet/food. ...
Ch15 Lect F09
... reactants in the formation of triglycerides, sphingolipids, and other lipids that contain fatty acid residues. • Their other important use is as a source of energy. • Fatty acid catabolism involves a spiral metabolic pathway, called the b oxidation spiral, where the same series of reactions is repea ...
... reactants in the formation of triglycerides, sphingolipids, and other lipids that contain fatty acid residues. • Their other important use is as a source of energy. • Fatty acid catabolism involves a spiral metabolic pathway, called the b oxidation spiral, where the same series of reactions is repea ...
Biochemistry PowerPoint
... up chemical reactions without being affected by the reactions themselves. Enzyme: a protein that increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. ...
... up chemical reactions without being affected by the reactions themselves. Enzyme: a protein that increases the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy. ...
tRNA & Ribosomes
... tRNASec is loaded with serine via Seryl-tRNA Synthetase. The serine moiety is then converted to selenocysteine by another enzyme, in a reaction involving selenophosphate. Sec-tRNASec utilization during protein synthesis requires special elongation factors because the codon for selenocysteine is UGA, ...
... tRNASec is loaded with serine via Seryl-tRNA Synthetase. The serine moiety is then converted to selenocysteine by another enzyme, in a reaction involving selenophosphate. Sec-tRNASec utilization during protein synthesis requires special elongation factors because the codon for selenocysteine is UGA, ...
doc CHEE_370_HW_1_
... Cells of Escherichia coli take up lactose via the Lac permease system, glucose via the phosphotransferase system, and maltose via an ABC-type transporter. For each of these sugars describe: (i) the components of their transport system, and (ii) the source of energy that drives the transport event. 8 ...
... Cells of Escherichia coli take up lactose via the Lac permease system, glucose via the phosphotransferase system, and maltose via an ABC-type transporter. For each of these sugars describe: (i) the components of their transport system, and (ii) the source of energy that drives the transport event. 8 ...
Presentation
... What is the functional significance of the structural differences between bacterial and eukaryotic mRNAs? ...
... What is the functional significance of the structural differences between bacterial and eukaryotic mRNAs? ...
Ch. 4 Outline
... B. Citric acid is changed into oxaloacetic acid through a series of reactions C. Cycle repeats as long as pyruvic acid and oxygen are available D. For each citric acid molecule: 1. One ATP is produced 2. Eight hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+ and FAD 3. Two CO2 produced Electron Transport Syst ...
... B. Citric acid is changed into oxaloacetic acid through a series of reactions C. Cycle repeats as long as pyruvic acid and oxygen are available D. For each citric acid molecule: 1. One ATP is produced 2. Eight hydrogen atoms are transferred to NAD+ and FAD 3. Two CO2 produced Electron Transport Syst ...
Organic Compounds
... • pH – too high or too low the H+ or OH – ions react with the amino acid side chains (R groups) – improper folding occurs – reaction slows • Salt conc. – too much or too little causes improper folding of protein • Substrate concentration – lower the substrate conc., the slower the reaction ...
... • pH – too high or too low the H+ or OH – ions react with the amino acid side chains (R groups) – improper folding occurs – reaction slows • Salt conc. – too much or too little causes improper folding of protein • Substrate concentration – lower the substrate conc., the slower the reaction ...
Protein Synthesis Instructions
... The structure and operation of the human body (as well as all other organisms) is based on proteins. Everything from skin and bones to hair, muscle and internal organs are constructed from proteins. The enzymes that digest food and the hormones that regulate metabolism are all proteins. Although som ...
... The structure and operation of the human body (as well as all other organisms) is based on proteins. Everything from skin and bones to hair, muscle and internal organs are constructed from proteins. The enzymes that digest food and the hormones that regulate metabolism are all proteins. Although som ...
Ch. 9-11 Review ppt.
... For each of the following pairs of compounds, indicate whether the pair consists of different compounds that are (1) constitutional isomers or (2) stereoisomers that are enantiomers or (3) stereoisomers that are diastereomers or (4) not isomers. ...
... For each of the following pairs of compounds, indicate whether the pair consists of different compounds that are (1) constitutional isomers or (2) stereoisomers that are enantiomers or (3) stereoisomers that are diastereomers or (4) not isomers. ...
Biology Unit 2 Study Guide
... • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • They link together (via peptide bonds) to form large structures called proteins (AKA: polypeptides). • This small part linking together to form a large structure is analogous to links coming together to form a chain. ...
... • Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. • They link together (via peptide bonds) to form large structures called proteins (AKA: polypeptides). • This small part linking together to form a large structure is analogous to links coming together to form a chain. ...
Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called biogenesis or anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined together to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides.The prerequisite elements for biosynthesis include: precursor compounds, chemical energy (e.g. ATP), and catalytic enzymes which may require coenzymes (e.g.NADH, NADPH). These elements create monomers, the building blocks for macromolecules. Some important biological macromolecules include: proteins, which are composed of amino acid monomers joined via peptide bonds, and DNA molecules, which are composed of nucleotides joined via phosphodiester bonds.