is that you life because it is only when you understand
... Carbohydrates are used for immediate and stored _____________ and as a _________________________. Carbohydrates contain the elements _________, ___________, and ___________. The ratio of _______ atoms to __________ is ______________. In other words, for every ________________ in a carbohydrate, ther ...
... Carbohydrates are used for immediate and stored _____________ and as a _________________________. Carbohydrates contain the elements _________, ___________, and ___________. The ratio of _______ atoms to __________ is ______________. In other words, for every ________________ in a carbohydrate, ther ...
Cell Resp. Study Guide
... Draw an arrow showing which part of the reaction is oxidized and which part is reduced. ___________ is the reducing agent in this reaction, and __________ is the oxidizing agent. 5. When compounds lose electrons, they _________ energy; when compounds gain electrons, they _________ energy. 6. In cell ...
... Draw an arrow showing which part of the reaction is oxidized and which part is reduced. ___________ is the reducing agent in this reaction, and __________ is the oxidizing agent. 5. When compounds lose electrons, they _________ energy; when compounds gain electrons, they _________ energy. 6. In cell ...
Photosynthesis
... energy for all life on Earth • Plants store energy in the chemical bonds of sugars • Chemical energy is released as ATP during cellular respiration ...
... energy for all life on Earth • Plants store energy in the chemical bonds of sugars • Chemical energy is released as ATP during cellular respiration ...
Molecule: two or more atoms held together by
... Fatty acid: hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid Protein: polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids. Amino acid: molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, a ...
... Fatty acid: hydrocarbon chain often bonded to glycerol in a lipid Protein: polymer composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids. Amino acid: molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, a ...
Chapter 21 - Cengage Learning
... are globular in shape, some are elongated. A protein can have several areas of alpha-helix that are separated from each other by bends. The protein folds at each bend, giving the molecule its tertiary structure. Carbohydrates are a large class of biomolecules composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and ...
... are globular in shape, some are elongated. A protein can have several areas of alpha-helix that are separated from each other by bends. The protein folds at each bend, giving the molecule its tertiary structure. Carbohydrates are a large class of biomolecules composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and ...
BY 123 Mock Exam #2 Answer Key Chapters 8,9,10,12,13 Catabolic
... b. It is found only in prokaryotes, whereas eukaryotes use mitochondria to produce ATP c. It produces much less ATP than does the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis d. It produces ATP only by substrate phosphorylation and does not involve redox reactions e. It is nearly universal, is located ...
... b. It is found only in prokaryotes, whereas eukaryotes use mitochondria to produce ATP c. It produces much less ATP than does the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis d. It produces ATP only by substrate phosphorylation and does not involve redox reactions e. It is nearly universal, is located ...
Lecture 20
... 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of f ...
... 3. Couple the transfer of the phosphate to ADP to form ATP. Stage I A preparatory stage in which glucose is phosphorylated and cleaved to yield two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3phosphate - uses two ATPs Stage II glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to pyruvate with the concomitant generation of f ...
Master Entrance Exam
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
... 10. 1000 bps DNA coding sequences can make protein roughly (A) 23 (B) 27 (C) 33 (D) 37 (E) 43 kilodalton II. 是非題 (每題 2 分) Yes or No for answer 1. Lipid components of membranes do not readily move from one side of a bilayer to the other. 2. In the Citrate-Pyruvate Cycle, the step that generates NADPH ...
lo*-t-{
... the useof secondmessengers. Focus Many metabolic processesare subject to hormonal control. ...
... the useof secondmessengers. Focus Many metabolic processesare subject to hormonal control. ...
RESPIRATION Production of ATP and CO2 by O2 and organic
... “The process is complex and challenging to learn.” The objective is an understanding of how cells use E stored in food to make ATP ATP is a loaded spring (potential chemical E) Release of this spring often results in Phosphorylation of compounds ATP is generated in Respiration Through a series of Ox ...
... “The process is complex and challenging to learn.” The objective is an understanding of how cells use E stored in food to make ATP ATP is a loaded spring (potential chemical E) Release of this spring often results in Phosphorylation of compounds ATP is generated in Respiration Through a series of Ox ...
Lecture DONE exam 1A MP
... 17. Photosynthesis and Oxidative phosphorylation have the following in common A) In eukaryotes, both processes reside in specialized organelles B) ATP synthesis in both processes relies on the chemiosmotic mechanism C) Both use electron transport D) Both require light E) A, B and C 18. The main fun ...
... 17. Photosynthesis and Oxidative phosphorylation have the following in common A) In eukaryotes, both processes reside in specialized organelles B) ATP synthesis in both processes relies on the chemiosmotic mechanism C) Both use electron transport D) Both require light E) A, B and C 18. The main fun ...
Chapter 5 Spring 2017
... 14. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. What is chemiosmosis? 15. Describe the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. 16. What does ATP stand for? Describe its general structure. 17. What are the steps of aerobic cellula ...
... 14. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. What is chemiosmosis? 15. Describe the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. 16. What does ATP stand for? Describe its general structure. 17. What are the steps of aerobic cellula ...
AP Biology: Fall Final Study Guide
... Different types of metabolic pathways Laws of thermodynamics Free energy Metabolism ATP & energy coupling Enzymes including how they function, how they are regulated, the effect of their environment on ...
... Different types of metabolic pathways Laws of thermodynamics Free energy Metabolism ATP & energy coupling Enzymes including how they function, how they are regulated, the effect of their environment on ...
Biology Mid-term Review Notes
... 7. pH (and homeostasis) D. Carbon 1. Carbon can bond with many elements, including HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR, and NITROGEN to form the important molecules of life. Carbon has 4 VALENCE electrons that allow for this versatility in bonding. 2. Biomolecules A. monomer vs polymer B. Carbohydr ...
... 7. pH (and homeostasis) D. Carbon 1. Carbon can bond with many elements, including HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, PHOSPHORUS, SULFUR, and NITROGEN to form the important molecules of life. Carbon has 4 VALENCE electrons that allow for this versatility in bonding. 2. Biomolecules A. monomer vs polymer B. Carbohydr ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Fates of Pyruvate from glycolysis (2
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION Metabolism—the sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism or cell. a) anabolic—synthesis of compounds; an example is photosynthesis b) catabolic—breakdown of compounds; an example is cellular respiration Metabolic pathways—are the steps (enzymes, substrates and products) us ...
Cell Respiration Teacher Notes
... NADH and FADH2 carry electrons picked up during glycolysis, transition reaction, & citric acid cycle and enter the ETS. The ETS consists of: ...
... NADH and FADH2 carry electrons picked up during glycolysis, transition reaction, & citric acid cycle and enter the ETS. The ETS consists of: ...
050907
... • Why is it so difficult? – Vesicles have to fuse with the plasma membrane at the right place/time – Physically: mixing of polar headgroups and hydrophobic regions • “Unstable void space” figure 11-25 ...
... • Why is it so difficult? – Vesicles have to fuse with the plasma membrane at the right place/time – Physically: mixing of polar headgroups and hydrophobic regions • “Unstable void space” figure 11-25 ...
Recap: structure of ATP
... • This is catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes • Co-enzymes are required to activate the oxidation reactions in respiration – Hydrogen atoms becomes attached to co enzymes e.g. NAD ...
... • This is catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes • Co-enzymes are required to activate the oxidation reactions in respiration – Hydrogen atoms becomes attached to co enzymes e.g. NAD ...
Cellular Respiration Review
... c) What happens to the energy released from glucose? 3. Why is it important for energy-releasing reactions to take place in living cells? 4. Differentiate between oxidation and reduction reactions. 5. a) Describe how ADP is converted into ATP. b) Why are oxidation reactions often coupled to the prod ...
... c) What happens to the energy released from glucose? 3. Why is it important for energy-releasing reactions to take place in living cells? 4. Differentiate between oxidation and reduction reactions. 5. a) Describe how ADP is converted into ATP. b) Why are oxidation reactions often coupled to the prod ...
UNIT 2 Bio 1 H Living organisms are composed of about 25
... Module 3.12 Proteins are made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. A. Amino acids are characterized by having an alpha carbon atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen, one amino group (NH2), one carboxyl group (COOH), and one functional group symbolized by an R (Figure 3.12A). B. Each naturally o ...
... Module 3.12 Proteins are made from amino acids linked by peptide bonds. A. Amino acids are characterized by having an alpha carbon atom covalently bonded to one hydrogen, one amino group (NH2), one carboxyl group (COOH), and one functional group symbolized by an R (Figure 3.12A). B. Each naturally o ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.