Carbohydrates
... - 1st source of energy for most organisms - Carbon skeleton provides raw material for synthesis of other organics; ex., amino acids and lipids. Polysaccharides Energy storage 1. Starch = Plants 2. Glycogen = In liver and muscle of humans and other vertebrates Structural 1. Chitin = exoskeleton ...
... - 1st source of energy for most organisms - Carbon skeleton provides raw material for synthesis of other organics; ex., amino acids and lipids. Polysaccharides Energy storage 1. Starch = Plants 2. Glycogen = In liver and muscle of humans and other vertebrates Structural 1. Chitin = exoskeleton ...
Chapter 03 - Hinsdale South High School
... • ribose sugar • adenine • three phosphate groups (PO4) linked to form a triphosphate group ...
... • ribose sugar • adenine • three phosphate groups (PO4) linked to form a triphosphate group ...
407_lecture_9
... • Main catalysts in biochemistry: enzymes (involved in virtually every biochemical reaction) • Structural components of cells (both inside and outside of cells in tissues) • Regulatory functions (if/when a cell divides, which genes are expressed, etc.) • Carrier and transport functions (ions, small ...
... • Main catalysts in biochemistry: enzymes (involved in virtually every biochemical reaction) • Structural components of cells (both inside and outside of cells in tissues) • Regulatory functions (if/when a cell divides, which genes are expressed, etc.) • Carrier and transport functions (ions, small ...
APcarbonandmacromols2015 16
... use H2O to breakdown polymers reverse of dehydration synthesis cleave off one monomer at a time H2O is split into H+ and OH– H+ & OH– attach to ends ...
... use H2O to breakdown polymers reverse of dehydration synthesis cleave off one monomer at a time H2O is split into H+ and OH– H+ & OH– attach to ends ...
Deoxyribonucleic acid
... nucleotide monomers that plays several important roles in the processes that translate genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into protein products; RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, •Proteins Many proteins are enzymes that cata ...
... nucleotide monomers that plays several important roles in the processes that translate genetic information from deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) into protein products; RNA acts as a messenger between DNA and the protein synthesis complexes known as ribosomes, •Proteins Many proteins are enzymes that cata ...
2401_ch3.pdf
... Vesicles which contain enzymes which can break down fatty acids and amino acids into useable components ...
... Vesicles which contain enzymes which can break down fatty acids and amino acids into useable components ...
mb_ch03
... reaction releases water as a by-product. • In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers. ...
... reaction releases water as a by-product. • In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers. ...
Ch 3 Notes
... reaction releases water as a by-product. • In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers. ...
... reaction releases water as a by-product. • In a hydrolysis reaction, water is used to split polymers into monomers. ...
Respiration
... Most of the ATP is produced in this last step of cellular respiration. Electron transport takes place in the infoldings of the inner-membrane of the mitochondria. These infoldings are called cristae. At the end of electron transport, oxygen combines with hydrogen ions and electrons (e-) to form wate ...
... Most of the ATP is produced in this last step of cellular respiration. Electron transport takes place in the infoldings of the inner-membrane of the mitochondria. These infoldings are called cristae. At the end of electron transport, oxygen combines with hydrogen ions and electrons (e-) to form wate ...
Biology Nutrition and Digestion Revision
... • Makes up about 70% of our bodies and is found in all living cells. • Blood system moves materials that have been dissolved in water. • Humans lose about 1.5 litres of water each day in urine, sweat and our breath. Water can be replaced through drinks (e.g. water, milk). Digestion The food we eat n ...
... • Makes up about 70% of our bodies and is found in all living cells. • Blood system moves materials that have been dissolved in water. • Humans lose about 1.5 litres of water each day in urine, sweat and our breath. Water can be replaced through drinks (e.g. water, milk). Digestion The food we eat n ...
No Slide Title
... mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotrophes. ...
... mass building, delivering the necessary carbon out from CO2 in the air. In this way cycles of C and N transformations interact in the Nature. Dissolved organic substances strongly inhibit the autotrophes. ...
Life on Earth
... • “Chlorophyll” is the main light absorber, and is what gives plants their typical green color • Chlorophyll exists inside plant cells in structures called “chloroplasts” ...
... • “Chlorophyll” is the main light absorber, and is what gives plants their typical green color • Chlorophyll exists inside plant cells in structures called “chloroplasts” ...
Translation
... In order for a cell to make a protein, DNA must be transcribed into ____________ and the mRNA must then be translated into _____________. The processes of transcription and translation together are called _________________________. The process of transcription occurs in the ____________ of a cell. T ...
... In order for a cell to make a protein, DNA must be transcribed into ____________ and the mRNA must then be translated into _____________. The processes of transcription and translation together are called _________________________. The process of transcription occurs in the ____________ of a cell. T ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... The Glyoxylate Cycle • Pathway for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in plants, bacteria and yeast (not animals) • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl C ...
... The Glyoxylate Cycle • Pathway for the formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors in plants, bacteria and yeast (not animals) • Glyoxylate cycle leads from 2-carbon compounds to glucose • In animals, acetyl CoA is not a carbon source for the net formation of glucose (2 carbons of acetyl C ...
Slides
... • The amino acid sequence determines the structure which determines the function. • Proteins make up over 50% of the cell by dry weight. • Proteins give the cell its shape, they form receptors, enzymes, hormones and growth factors, toxins, transporters and antibodies. ...
... • The amino acid sequence determines the structure which determines the function. • Proteins make up over 50% of the cell by dry weight. • Proteins give the cell its shape, they form receptors, enzymes, hormones and growth factors, toxins, transporters and antibodies. ...
Chapter 17 (part 2) - University of Nevada, Reno
... them more accessible to proteases. • Pepsin is a major stomach protease, has pH optimum of 2.0 • Protein degradation continues in the lumen of the intestine by pancreatic proteases • Amino acids are then released to the blood stream for absorption by other tissues. ...
... them more accessible to proteases. • Pepsin is a major stomach protease, has pH optimum of 2.0 • Protein degradation continues in the lumen of the intestine by pancreatic proteases • Amino acids are then released to the blood stream for absorption by other tissues. ...
chapter 5 the structure and function of macromolecules
... For example, an antibody binds to a particular foreign substance. An enzyme recognizes and binds to a specific substrate, facilitating a chemical reaction. Natural signal molecules called endorphins bind to specific receptor proteins on the surface of brain cells in humans, producing euphoria and re ...
... For example, an antibody binds to a particular foreign substance. An enzyme recognizes and binds to a specific substrate, facilitating a chemical reaction. Natural signal molecules called endorphins bind to specific receptor proteins on the surface of brain cells in humans, producing euphoria and re ...
syllabusbioch205 - OSU Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
... 5. To learn the interrelationships among the various metabolic pathways. 6. To learn the energetic relationships. 7. To learn the chemical principles of metabolism and biochemical conversions. 8. To learn the enzymes and coenzymes involved in metabolism and how they participate in the reactions. 9. ...
... 5. To learn the interrelationships among the various metabolic pathways. 6. To learn the energetic relationships. 7. To learn the chemical principles of metabolism and biochemical conversions. 8. To learn the enzymes and coenzymes involved in metabolism and how they participate in the reactions. 9. ...
2401_ch3.ppt
... Vesicles which contain enzymes which can break down fatty acids and amino acids into useable components ...
... Vesicles which contain enzymes which can break down fatty acids and amino acids into useable components ...
2401-Ch3.pdf
... Integral proteins penetrate both sides of the membrane Peripheral proteins attach to inside OR outside of membrane Channel proteins integral proteins that form a channel through the membrane. These are SELECTIVE – only some molecules can pass through them Factors governing whether a specific ion/mol ...
... Integral proteins penetrate both sides of the membrane Peripheral proteins attach to inside OR outside of membrane Channel proteins integral proteins that form a channel through the membrane. These are SELECTIVE – only some molecules can pass through them Factors governing whether a specific ion/mol ...
Energetics at the Molecular Level Energetics: Scientific Foundations of Obesity and Other Health Aspects Douglas R Moellering, Ph.D.
... Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules to CO2 & H2O in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provides energy for ATP synthesis. ...
... Stage 3: Oxidation of small molecules to CO2 & H2O in the citric acid cycle and electron transport provides energy for ATP synthesis. ...
Bioenergetics - A+ College Ready
... • Describe the role of ATP in coupling a cell’s catabolic and anabolic reactions. • Explain how chemiosmosis functions in bioenergetics • How are organic molecules broken down by the catabolic pathways of cellular respiration • Explain the role of oxygen in energy-yielding pathways of cellular respi ...
... • Describe the role of ATP in coupling a cell’s catabolic and anabolic reactions. • Explain how chemiosmosis functions in bioenergetics • How are organic molecules broken down by the catabolic pathways of cellular respiration • Explain the role of oxygen in energy-yielding pathways of cellular respi ...
part b: inquiry and communication - 52 marks
... outside the cell. b. the concentration of glucose inside the cell is usually lower than outside the cell. c. glucose is too large to travel through the cell membrane without a special protein carrier. d. glucose is hydrophilic and, therefore, the cell must use energy to bring the glucose molecule in ...
... outside the cell. b. the concentration of glucose inside the cell is usually lower than outside the cell. c. glucose is too large to travel through the cell membrane without a special protein carrier. d. glucose is hydrophilic and, therefore, the cell must use energy to bring the glucose molecule in ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.