part b: inquiry and communication - 52 marks
... outside the cell. b. the concentration of glucose inside the cell is usually lower than outside the cell. c. glucose is too large to travel through the cell membrane without a special protein carrier. d. glucose is hydrophilic and, therefore, the cell must use energy to bring the glucose molecule in ...
... outside the cell. b. the concentration of glucose inside the cell is usually lower than outside the cell. c. glucose is too large to travel through the cell membrane without a special protein carrier. d. glucose is hydrophilic and, therefore, the cell must use energy to bring the glucose molecule in ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... exergonic. 3. Synthetic reactions (anabolism) build molecules; they tend to be endergonic. A. Catabolism 1. Just as glucose is broken down in cellular respiration, other molecules in the cell undergo catabolism. 2. Fat breaks down into glycerol and three fatty acids. a. Glycerol is converted to G3P ...
... exergonic. 3. Synthetic reactions (anabolism) build molecules; they tend to be endergonic. A. Catabolism 1. Just as glucose is broken down in cellular respiration, other molecules in the cell undergo catabolism. 2. Fat breaks down into glycerol and three fatty acids. a. Glycerol is converted to G3P ...
protein digest.99
... protons • pH of stomach fluid is below 2.0 • negative charges on COO groups of mucus sidechains sop up millions of protons • increases the pH along stomach lining to near 5 ...
... protons • pH of stomach fluid is below 2.0 • negative charges on COO groups of mucus sidechains sop up millions of protons • increases the pH along stomach lining to near 5 ...
No Slide Title
... Would you like some Ethyl butyrane ice cream? What is this? “Pineapple” ice cream! Flavor comes from organic compounds. C, N, H, O - these elements make up almost all chemical compounds in living things. Carbon atoms can form long chains and Go to rings. Section: ...
... Would you like some Ethyl butyrane ice cream? What is this? “Pineapple” ice cream! Flavor comes from organic compounds. C, N, H, O - these elements make up almost all chemical compounds in living things. Carbon atoms can form long chains and Go to rings. Section: ...
CB098-008.22_Biochemistry
... Here is a a membrane. There are many phospholipids present. Can you see the head and tail structure of a phospholipid? The tails are hydrophobic and they are facing inwards to other tails where water is not present. ...
... Here is a a membrane. There are many phospholipids present. Can you see the head and tail structure of a phospholipid? The tails are hydrophobic and they are facing inwards to other tails where water is not present. ...
Cellular Energy
... 1. Glycolysis- Glucose (simple sugar) is broken down into 2 pyruvates and small amount ATP and NADH 2. Kreb’s Cycle- Pyruvate & NADH are used to make more ATP. Electrons are donated to make an even more ATP ...
... 1. Glycolysis- Glucose (simple sugar) is broken down into 2 pyruvates and small amount ATP and NADH 2. Kreb’s Cycle- Pyruvate & NADH are used to make more ATP. Electrons are donated to make an even more ATP ...
Name: Proteins Activity Amino Acids, Building Blocks of Proteins
... different amino acids found in nature. The element nitrogen (N) is present in all amino acids. Examine the structural formulas of the four representative amino acids shown in the figure below. Answer the ...
... different amino acids found in nature. The element nitrogen (N) is present in all amino acids. Examine the structural formulas of the four representative amino acids shown in the figure below. Answer the ...
Ch. 6 Biochemistry
... which is found in almost all biological molecules. 1. life on earth is considered “carbon-based” and carbon compounds lead to diversity of life on Earth. 2. carbon has 4 electrons in its outer energy level so it can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms. 3. these compounds can be straight chains, b ...
... which is found in almost all biological molecules. 1. life on earth is considered “carbon-based” and carbon compounds lead to diversity of life on Earth. 2. carbon has 4 electrons in its outer energy level so it can form 4 covalent bonds with other atoms. 3. these compounds can be straight chains, b ...
Lecture 29
... true for a) Note changes in structure: between b-monomers – see big double-headed arrows at points of contact – see small arrows Binding of the O2 on one heme is more difficult but its binding causes a shift in the a1-b2 (& a2-b1) contacts and moves the distal His E7 and Val E11 out of the oxygen’s ...
... true for a) Note changes in structure: between b-monomers – see big double-headed arrows at points of contact – see small arrows Binding of the O2 on one heme is more difficult but its binding causes a shift in the a1-b2 (& a2-b1) contacts and moves the distal His E7 and Val E11 out of the oxygen’s ...
General Nutrient Requirements
... • Non-essential amino acids – Animal can make these amino acids from other amino acids or from precursors ...
... • Non-essential amino acids – Animal can make these amino acids from other amino acids or from precursors ...
CHE 101– Chapter 8 – Study Guide Terms: Products, reactants
... ii. Recognize common acids and bases f. Combustion reactions CxHyOz + O2 H2O (l) + CO2 (g) + Heat 4. Steps to Complete a Reaction – Be able to fill in the missing products or reactants for chemical reactions a. Identify the type of reaction b. Determine the reaction mechanism c. Determine if the r ...
... ii. Recognize common acids and bases f. Combustion reactions CxHyOz + O2 H2O (l) + CO2 (g) + Heat 4. Steps to Complete a Reaction – Be able to fill in the missing products or reactants for chemical reactions a. Identify the type of reaction b. Determine the reaction mechanism c. Determine if the r ...
Free Form Amino Acids
... natural freem form amino acids. Long chains of molecularly bonded individual amino acids form protein. The body must first break these molecular (pepetide) bonds for amino acid absorption to take place. Solgar's free form amino acids are already in their simplest form (no peptide bonds) and can be r ...
... natural freem form amino acids. Long chains of molecularly bonded individual amino acids form protein. The body must first break these molecular (pepetide) bonds for amino acid absorption to take place. Solgar's free form amino acids are already in their simplest form (no peptide bonds) and can be r ...
Document
... breaking covalent bonds). Examples include phosphorylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, or proenzyme activation by breaking a peptide bond. Mechanism 2: Allosteric regulation – here we also are not changing the abundance of the protein (in this case an enzyme), but we are inhibiting or stimulating ...
... breaking covalent bonds). Examples include phosphorylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, or proenzyme activation by breaking a peptide bond. Mechanism 2: Allosteric regulation – here we also are not changing the abundance of the protein (in this case an enzyme), but we are inhibiting or stimulating ...
M220 Lecture 17 - Napa Valley College
... and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar). They need less nitrogen than bacteria and can survive on such substances as paint and shoe leather. Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates that even bacteria cannot use. They generally grow more slowly than bacteria. To isolate ...
... and survive in high osmotic environments (can survive in 50% sugar). They need less nitrogen than bacteria and can survive on such substances as paint and shoe leather. Fungi can metabolize complex carbohydrates that even bacteria cannot use. They generally grow more slowly than bacteria. To isolate ...
Genetic Jeopardy! - Loyola Blakefield
... What group of lipids includes cholesterol, a molecule that transports fats throughout the body? ...
... What group of lipids includes cholesterol, a molecule that transports fats throughout the body? ...
2.2 reading study guide
... 11. Cells use ______________________ to break down food. 12. Many cells are able to get energy without using oxygen through a process called ______________________. 13. Why is breathing important to many organisms? ____________________________________________________________________ ________________ ...
... 11. Cells use ______________________ to break down food. 12. Many cells are able to get energy without using oxygen through a process called ______________________. 13. Why is breathing important to many organisms? ____________________________________________________________________ ________________ ...
Biology Answer Key
... parts of the tubule. This increases GFR and blood pressure Low GFR activates JG cells to release rennin which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and II . Angiotensin II activates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Which cell organelles are involved in photorespiration? In which cell organ ...
... parts of the tubule. This increases GFR and blood pressure Low GFR activates JG cells to release rennin which converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I and II . Angiotensin II activates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. Which cell organelles are involved in photorespiration? In which cell organ ...
Glycobiology is the study of the structure, biosynthesis, biology and
... Most proteins contain sugars Almost all plasma proteins except albumin Proteins of cellular membranes Some blood group substances Certain hormones Occur in most organisms Many viruses ...
... Most proteins contain sugars Almost all plasma proteins except albumin Proteins of cellular membranes Some blood group substances Certain hormones Occur in most organisms Many viruses ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.