Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism
... She is not producing as much H2O in the electron transport chain, leading to dehydration, which has resulted in fatigue. Iron forms a chelate with NADH and FAD(2H) that is necessary for them to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. Iron acts as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate DH in ...
... She is not producing as much H2O in the electron transport chain, leading to dehydration, which has resulted in fatigue. Iron forms a chelate with NADH and FAD(2H) that is necessary for them to donate their electrons to the electron transport chain. Iron acts as a cofactor for α-ketoglutarate DH in ...
Self-Organizing Bio
... a-amino-acids are more thermodynamically stable than bamino-acids BUT: many molecules under kinetic controls catalysts, i.e. enzymes! ...
... a-amino-acids are more thermodynamically stable than bamino-acids BUT: many molecules under kinetic controls catalysts, i.e. enzymes! ...
Cellular Respiration
... The chemical energy in glucose and other organic compounds is not used directly by cells. Cells carry out a series of reactions that release chemical energy from glucose and transfer it to ATP. The energy is then available for use by cells. The series of energy releasing reactions that break down or ...
... The chemical energy in glucose and other organic compounds is not used directly by cells. Cells carry out a series of reactions that release chemical energy from glucose and transfer it to ATP. The energy is then available for use by cells. The series of energy releasing reactions that break down or ...
Fermentation
... substrate, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and ATP production will all come to a stop. The NAD+ produced by the oxidation of pyruvate during fermentation rapidly cycles back to participate again in glycolysis. In this way, cells can still perform glycolysis, and gain the ATP it produces, even in the ab ...
... substrate, glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and ATP production will all come to a stop. The NAD+ produced by the oxidation of pyruvate during fermentation rapidly cycles back to participate again in glycolysis. In this way, cells can still perform glycolysis, and gain the ATP it produces, even in the ab ...
Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways
... – Principal that reversible reactions will be driven from the side of the equation where concentration is higher to side where concentration is lower. ...
... – Principal that reversible reactions will be driven from the side of the equation where concentration is higher to side where concentration is lower. ...
What is an inference
... -Pyruvic Acid is broken down. -CO2 is produced - NAD+ and FAD+ accept electrons and become NADH and FADH2 ...
... -Pyruvic Acid is broken down. -CO2 is produced - NAD+ and FAD+ accept electrons and become NADH and FADH2 ...
D. Transfer of activated acetaldehyde to
... 1. In a cell where electron transport is tightly coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, A. Oligomycin will stop electron transport B. Oligomycin will stop oxidative phosphorylation C. 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) has been added. D. The rate of oxygen consumption is related to the amount of ATP production. ...
... 1. In a cell where electron transport is tightly coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, A. Oligomycin will stop electron transport B. Oligomycin will stop oxidative phosphorylation C. 2,4 dinitrophenol (DNP) has been added. D. The rate of oxygen consumption is related to the amount of ATP production. ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
Enzyme
... 1. O2 and food are used 2. CO2 and H2O are produced 3. Energy in food may be temporarily store in ATP or lost as heat 4. ATP is produced by oxidation of food (oxidative phosphorylation) 5. Hydrogen is transferred from food to NAD or NADP to form NADH or NADPH 6. ATP and NADH or NADPH are available t ...
... 1. O2 and food are used 2. CO2 and H2O are produced 3. Energy in food may be temporarily store in ATP or lost as heat 4. ATP is produced by oxidation of food (oxidative phosphorylation) 5. Hydrogen is transferred from food to NAD or NADP to form NADH or NADPH 6. ATP and NADH or NADPH are available t ...
Respiration
... The citric acid cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates fats and amino acids. This cycle not only supplies energy but also provides many intermediates required for the synthesis of amino acid, glucose, heame etc. Krebs cycle is the most important central pathway connecting almo ...
... The citric acid cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates fats and amino acids. This cycle not only supplies energy but also provides many intermediates required for the synthesis of amino acid, glucose, heame etc. Krebs cycle is the most important central pathway connecting almo ...
AP Biology PDQ`s
... 7. How is feedback regulation of enzyme reaction related to allosteric regulation of enzyme function? 8. Why enzymes are classified as catalysts? 9. Provide specific examples of enzymes used in all major metabolic pathways in living systems, and the reactions that they catalyze. ...
... 7. How is feedback regulation of enzyme reaction related to allosteric regulation of enzyme function? 8. Why enzymes are classified as catalysts? 9. Provide specific examples of enzymes used in all major metabolic pathways in living systems, and the reactions that they catalyze. ...
PowerPoint - HRSBSTAFF Home Page
... Different combinations of these 20 amino acids create different proteins. Proteins are made outside the nucleus by organelles called ribosomes. ...
... Different combinations of these 20 amino acids create different proteins. Proteins are made outside the nucleus by organelles called ribosomes. ...
Notes Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... The anaerobic pathways probably evolved very early in the history of life on Earth. For more than a billion years, they were the only pathways available for harvesting chemical energy. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA. In eukaryotic cells, this reaction occurs ...
... The anaerobic pathways probably evolved very early in the history of life on Earth. For more than a billion years, they were the only pathways available for harvesting chemical energy. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA. In eukaryotic cells, this reaction occurs ...
Enzymes I
... o Substrates bind in a cleft of the protein called the binding site, also known as the catalytic or active site of the enzyme. o Catalysis usually involves the actions of one or more amino acid residues with reactive side chains (usually ser, cys, his, lys, glu, asp) that are specifically located ne ...
... o Substrates bind in a cleft of the protein called the binding site, also known as the catalytic or active site of the enzyme. o Catalysis usually involves the actions of one or more amino acid residues with reactive side chains (usually ser, cys, his, lys, glu, asp) that are specifically located ne ...
bottom-up-methodology
... Example Bottom-Up Metabolic Model Construction Process 1. The Basics Starting from glucose-6-phosphate in a glycolytic organism: # sanity check that one reaction can happen FRUCTOSE-6-P[CCO-CYTOSOL] # complete glycolysis and get to pyruvate (alanine, serine, glycerol-3P) PYRUVATE[CCO-CYTOSOL] # reac ...
... Example Bottom-Up Metabolic Model Construction Process 1. The Basics Starting from glucose-6-phosphate in a glycolytic organism: # sanity check that one reaction can happen FRUCTOSE-6-P[CCO-CYTOSOL] # complete glycolysis and get to pyruvate (alanine, serine, glycerol-3P) PYRUVATE[CCO-CYTOSOL] # reac ...
Amino acids
... - myoglobin is 90% saturated (gives back only 10%) - hemoglobin is 50% saturated (gives back 50%) ...
... - myoglobin is 90% saturated (gives back only 10%) - hemoglobin is 50% saturated (gives back 50%) ...
Nutrition PowerPoint
... Protein molecules consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. The smallest part of a protein is called an amino acid. There are 20 different amino acids Compose blood tissue, muscle tissue, hormones and enzymes ...
... Protein molecules consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen. The smallest part of a protein is called an amino acid. There are 20 different amino acids Compose blood tissue, muscle tissue, hormones and enzymes ...
Name Date Period 1. What are the end products of aerobic cell
... Aerobic respiration involves conversion of glucose into pyruvate and conversion of pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water. Where do these processes occur in a eukaryotic cell? Where glucose is broken down into pyruvate ...
... Aerobic respiration involves conversion of glucose into pyruvate and conversion of pyruvate into carbon dioxide and water. Where do these processes occur in a eukaryotic cell? Where glucose is broken down into pyruvate ...
Biochemistry 2
... B. high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary C. their enzymes have high optimum temperatures D. their enzymes are unaffected by high temperatures E. they use molecules other than proteins or RNA's as their main catalysts ...
... B. high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary C. their enzymes have high optimum temperatures D. their enzymes are unaffected by high temperatures E. they use molecules other than proteins or RNA's as their main catalysts ...
Metabolism part 2
... • Once the electrons have moved through the electron transport chain they are transported to a molecule called, the Terminal Electron Acceptor. In the case of Aerobic Respiration, the Terminal Electron Acceptor is oxygen. • Excess H’s (now called protons because they are no longer carrying an elect ...
... • Once the electrons have moved through the electron transport chain they are transported to a molecule called, the Terminal Electron Acceptor. In the case of Aerobic Respiration, the Terminal Electron Acceptor is oxygen. • Excess H’s (now called protons because they are no longer carrying an elect ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.