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... 1. Hydrogen ion “flow” down their gradient back into the inner compartment through ATP Synthase. 2. As they flow through the enzyme, it rotates (like a generator), and combines ADP + P (a phosphate group) and forms ATP! 3. The SPEED of the flow, POWERS the “recharging” of the ATP “battery”! ...
... 1. Hydrogen ion “flow” down their gradient back into the inner compartment through ATP Synthase. 2. As they flow through the enzyme, it rotates (like a generator), and combines ADP + P (a phosphate group) and forms ATP! 3. The SPEED of the flow, POWERS the “recharging” of the ATP “battery”! ...
chapter outline - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Lipid Catabolism A. Triglycerides are common energy sources; they are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids B. Fatty acids are catalyzed by the β-oxidation pathway, which successively shortens the chain by two carbons producing acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2; NADH and FADH2 can be oxidized by an elect ...
... Lipid Catabolism A. Triglycerides are common energy sources; they are hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids B. Fatty acids are catalyzed by the β-oxidation pathway, which successively shortens the chain by two carbons producing acetyl-CoA, NADH, and FADH2; NADH and FADH2 can be oxidized by an elect ...
Complementation with wild type MamL-EGFP rescued 62
... S1 Text. Amino acid substitutions within MamL MamL contains nine basic and potentially positively charged (including histidine) amino acid residues close to or at its very C-terminus. The C-terminal accumulation of basic residues is a conserved feature in MamL and MamL-like homologs from other MTB ( ...
... S1 Text. Amino acid substitutions within MamL MamL contains nine basic and potentially positively charged (including histidine) amino acid residues close to or at its very C-terminus. The C-terminal accumulation of basic residues is a conserved feature in MamL and MamL-like homologs from other MTB ( ...
Unit 3 Homework
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
AP_Biology_files/review guide 9,12,13,14
... 12. Describe the redox reaction of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. 13. Describe the reactions of Kreb’s cycle using roles of Acetyl CoA, citric acid, NAD+, and FAD. 14. What are the products that are produced in the Kreb’s cycle? 15. What is the importance of electron transport seen in the cristae membranes ...
... 12. Describe the redox reaction of pyruvate to Acetyl CoA. 13. Describe the reactions of Kreb’s cycle using roles of Acetyl CoA, citric acid, NAD+, and FAD. 14. What are the products that are produced in the Kreb’s cycle? 15. What is the importance of electron transport seen in the cristae membranes ...
- thevignanam
... • Secondary structure in a protein refers to the regular folding of regions of the polypeptide chain. • The two most common types of secondary structure are the -helix and the -pleated sheet. • The -helix is a cylindrical, rod-like helical arrangement of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain whic ...
... • Secondary structure in a protein refers to the regular folding of regions of the polypeptide chain. • The two most common types of secondary structure are the -helix and the -pleated sheet. • The -helix is a cylindrical, rod-like helical arrangement of the amino acids in the polypeptide chain whic ...
Guided Reading Unit 3
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
... What cellular organelle in the muscles is responsible for using oxygen, glucose, and other organic molecules to make ATP? ...
Energy and Enzymes
... Enzyme Properties • They are proteins • Make chemical reaction happen faster • Are not used up in chemical reaction (reused many times) • Specific to only one kind of substrate • Names usually end in ase • Ex: lipase, Catalase, lactase ...
... Enzyme Properties • They are proteins • Make chemical reaction happen faster • Are not used up in chemical reaction (reused many times) • Specific to only one kind of substrate • Names usually end in ase • Ex: lipase, Catalase, lactase ...
Prokaryotes 2014
... These are hair-like projections that allow bacteria to attach to a host or to other bacterial cells to form a colony. Like a capsule, these adaptations are significant because they prevent bacteria from being moved from their environment. They also allow bacteria in close proximity to exchange p ...
... These are hair-like projections that allow bacteria to attach to a host or to other bacterial cells to form a colony. Like a capsule, these adaptations are significant because they prevent bacteria from being moved from their environment. They also allow bacteria in close proximity to exchange p ...
lecture11&12-RS_Major Metabolic Pathways of
... Glycolysis: An Overview Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose oxidation, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. It is unique, in that it can function either aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and intact mitochondria. It allows tissues to survive in presence ...
... Glycolysis: An Overview Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose oxidation, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. It is unique, in that it can function either aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and intact mitochondria. It allows tissues to survive in presence ...
Chapter 16 Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
... Chapter 16 Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis § Glycosis is an energy-conversion pathway in many organisms § The glycolytic pathway is tightly controlled § Glucose can be synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors § Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are reciprocally regulated ...
... Chapter 16 Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis § Glycosis is an energy-conversion pathway in many organisms § The glycolytic pathway is tightly controlled § Glucose can be synthesized from noncarbohydrate precursors § Gluconeogenesis and glycolysis are reciprocally regulated ...
6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
glycolysis4bio
... Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ -------------> 2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ • Pyruvic acid is 3 carbon molecule. NAD+ is a compound that accepts electrons so that they may be used elsewhere (similar to NADP+ in photosynthesis). ...
... Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 NAD+ -------------> 2 Pyruvic acid + 4 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 H+ • Pyruvic acid is 3 carbon molecule. NAD+ is a compound that accepts electrons so that they may be used elsewhere (similar to NADP+ in photosynthesis). ...
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism - Biology E
... Metabolism (from the Greek metabole, change) is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions and is an emergent property of life that arises from orderly interaction between molecules. As a whole, metabolism manages the material and energy resources of a cell through metabolic pathways. 2. There ...
... Metabolism (from the Greek metabole, change) is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions and is an emergent property of life that arises from orderly interaction between molecules. As a whole, metabolism manages the material and energy resources of a cell through metabolic pathways. 2. There ...
Glycolysis is the major oxidative pathway for glucose
... Glycolysis: An Overview Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose oxidation, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. It is unique, in that it can function either aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and intact mitochondria. It allows tissues to survive in presence ...
... Glycolysis: An Overview Glycolysis, the major pathway for glucose oxidation, occurs in the cytosol of all cells. It is unique, in that it can function either aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and intact mitochondria. It allows tissues to survive in presence ...
1 - Medical Mastermind Community
... Three carbon units are added as malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis, while two carbon units are liberated as acetyl-CoA in fatty acid degradation. NADPH is the electron donor in fatty acid synthesis, while FAD and NAD+ are electron acceptors in fatty acid degradation. CO2/HCO3 is required in fatty a ...
... Three carbon units are added as malonyl-CoA in fatty acid synthesis, while two carbon units are liberated as acetyl-CoA in fatty acid degradation. NADPH is the electron donor in fatty acid synthesis, while FAD and NAD+ are electron acceptors in fatty acid degradation. CO2/HCO3 is required in fatty a ...
Metabolism Objective Project
... by blocking substrates from entering active sites Non competitive inhibitors bind away from the active site, but change the shape of the enzyme so the active ...
... by blocking substrates from entering active sites Non competitive inhibitors bind away from the active site, but change the shape of the enzyme so the active ...
lipid3 - ChemEd DL
... acids are kept happy by secondary structure elements such as helices or sheets. There is almost no free space in the interior of the protein. The various sizes and shapes of the hydrophobic amino acids ensure that every space is filled. As in the interiors of water-soluble proteins, the polar hy ...
... acids are kept happy by secondary structure elements such as helices or sheets. There is almost no free space in the interior of the protein. The various sizes and shapes of the hydrophobic amino acids ensure that every space is filled. As in the interiors of water-soluble proteins, the polar hy ...
Fatty Acid Oxidation
... pathological states. Following this lecture students should understand that ...
... pathological states. Following this lecture students should understand that ...
Protein Synthesis in a Eukaryotic Cell.
... If the mRNA transcript from question No. 2 were translated into a peptide, what would the amino-acid sequence of the peptide be? ...
... If the mRNA transcript from question No. 2 were translated into a peptide, what would the amino-acid sequence of the peptide be? ...
CH 3
... • Whole metabolic pathways: no single gene or small number of genes confer selective advantage • Cannot build a step at a time Dilemma: how were entire pathways constructed during evolution? ...
... • Whole metabolic pathways: no single gene or small number of genes confer selective advantage • Cannot build a step at a time Dilemma: how were entire pathways constructed during evolution? ...
1 - TechnionMed
... 18) What is the net yield of NADH when glucose 6-phosphate is converted to lactate by anaerobic glycosis? a. b. c. d. e. ...
... 18) What is the net yield of NADH when glucose 6-phosphate is converted to lactate by anaerobic glycosis? a. b. c. d. e. ...
Energy - KSU Web Home
... All the chemical reactions that occur in the cell Capacity to get and use energy to build, store, break down, and eliminate substances necessary for growth and reproduction ...
... All the chemical reactions that occur in the cell Capacity to get and use energy to build, store, break down, and eliminate substances necessary for growth and reproduction ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.