CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... The 6C glucose is phosphorylated then split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (3C) which are then oxidised further to produce the pyruvate, some ATP and reduced NAD NAD can be reduced to NADH - it accepts H+ and transports ions around the cell - the hydrogen can be transferred easily to other molecu ...
... The 6C glucose is phosphorylated then split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (3C) which are then oxidised further to produce the pyruvate, some ATP and reduced NAD NAD can be reduced to NADH - it accepts H+ and transports ions around the cell - the hydrogen can be transferred easily to other molecu ...
Chapter 10 Notes
... Stomach: mixes food with gastric juices to forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an acidic environment, enzymes break down protein Small Intestine: digestion is completed and absorption into blood occurs Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars (glucose) ...
... Stomach: mixes food with gastric juices to forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an acidic environment, enzymes break down protein Small Intestine: digestion is completed and absorption into blood occurs Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars (glucose) ...
Chemistry Comes Alive
... material of the body. Not all proteins are created equal: enzymes, hemoglobin of the blood, & contractile proteins of muscle. All proteins contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, & nitrogenmany also contain sulfur & phosphorous. ...
... material of the body. Not all proteins are created equal: enzymes, hemoglobin of the blood, & contractile proteins of muscle. All proteins contain carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, & nitrogenmany also contain sulfur & phosphorous. ...
Seminar II
... in the inner membrane. Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH ) and an electrical gradient (Δψ). The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (Fo) ...
... in the inner membrane. Electron flow is accompanied by proton transfer across the membrane, producing both a chemical gradient (ΔpH ) and an electrical gradient (Δψ). The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to protons; protons can reenter the matrix only through proton-specific channels (Fo) ...
Metabolism 2.0 - Max-Planck
... discovered an enzyme with the unwieldy name crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (CCR). This introduces carbon dioxide molecules into the bacterium’s metabolism. Besides bacteria, plants are the main users of this process, known as carbon dioxide fixation. During photosynthesis, plants harness sunligh ...
... discovered an enzyme with the unwieldy name crotonyl-CoA carboxylase/reductase (CCR). This introduces carbon dioxide molecules into the bacterium’s metabolism. Besides bacteria, plants are the main users of this process, known as carbon dioxide fixation. During photosynthesis, plants harness sunligh ...
Metabolic System and Exercise
... triglycerides metabolized into glycerol and 3 free fatty acids Free fatty acids used as primary energy source Free fatty acids enter the mitochondria and undergo βoxidation Energy production from 1 molecule of fatty acid (palmitic acid C16H32O2) yields 129 ATP ...
... triglycerides metabolized into glycerol and 3 free fatty acids Free fatty acids used as primary energy source Free fatty acids enter the mitochondria and undergo βoxidation Energy production from 1 molecule of fatty acid (palmitic acid C16H32O2) yields 129 ATP ...
Midterm for Bio98B A1 (1) Enzymes accelerate reactions by
... along the polypeptide chain have a) freedom to rotate (arrow with FREE written next to it), and b) no freedom to rotate (arrow with No FREE written next to it). Hint: There are 2 bonds that rotate, and 1 that does not. ...
... along the polypeptide chain have a) freedom to rotate (arrow with FREE written next to it), and b) no freedom to rotate (arrow with No FREE written next to it). Hint: There are 2 bonds that rotate, and 1 that does not. ...
Microbes in nutrition Digestion vast majority of GI tract bacteria are
... b. probably formed by intense microbial activity during geological era of warmth and sunshine, probably while a sea was drying (1) SRB used calcium sulfate to make calcium sulfide (2) sulfide oxidized to calcium carbonate and free sulfur, probably through action of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria (3) ...
... b. probably formed by intense microbial activity during geological era of warmth and sunshine, probably while a sea was drying (1) SRB used calcium sulfate to make calcium sulfide (2) sulfide oxidized to calcium carbonate and free sulfur, probably through action of photosynthetic sulfur bacteria (3) ...
Cellular respiration occurs in three stages
... The process by which your cells transfer the energy in organic compounds (glucose, starch, carbohydrates) to ATP, the byproduct of this reaction is water and carbon dioxide. It occurs in the cells mitochondria, which are the energy producers for the cell. ...
... The process by which your cells transfer the energy in organic compounds (glucose, starch, carbohydrates) to ATP, the byproduct of this reaction is water and carbon dioxide. It occurs in the cells mitochondria, which are the energy producers for the cell. ...
Enzyme Histochemistry
... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Specificity of the Reaction: The method should be highly specific for the substance or chemical groups being analyzed, to avoid falsepositive results. 4. Detectability of the Reaction Product: The reaction product sh ...
... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------3. Specificity of the Reaction: The method should be highly specific for the substance or chemical groups being analyzed, to avoid falsepositive results. 4. Detectability of the Reaction Product: The reaction product sh ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... • The energy requirements of the brain are very high • Lipids contain more energy compare to other substrate • Other organs use lipids as fuel • Fatty acid metabolism has a role in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and repair processes ...
... • The energy requirements of the brain are very high • Lipids contain more energy compare to other substrate • Other organs use lipids as fuel • Fatty acid metabolism has a role in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and repair processes ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... With the combining of e-, H+, and 2 acetaldehyde, 2 NAD+ is regenerated and 2ethanol is created ...
... With the combining of e-, H+, and 2 acetaldehyde, 2 NAD+ is regenerated and 2ethanol is created ...
Unit 3 - Energy Systems and Muscle Fibres
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION – 36 ATP Glucose fuels this system but, Glucose ▪ Fats can be broken down when exercise occurs for longer than 20 min 2 ATP are ▪ Proteins can beMade broken down in chronic situations – ...
... CELLULAR RESPIRATION – 36 ATP Glucose fuels this system but, Glucose ▪ Fats can be broken down when exercise occurs for longer than 20 min 2 ATP are ▪ Proteins can beMade broken down in chronic situations – ...
Lecture 11 - Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
... Biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways share common intermediates with the degradative (catabolic) pathways. The amino acids are the building blocks for proteins and other nitrogen-containing compounds ...
... Biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways share common intermediates with the degradative (catabolic) pathways. The amino acids are the building blocks for proteins and other nitrogen-containing compounds ...
chapter-02
... acids that make up the polypeptide chain. b) The secondary structure, which can take the form of an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet, is maintained by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the original polypeptide ...
... acids that make up the polypeptide chain. b) The secondary structure, which can take the form of an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet, is maintained by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the original polypeptide ...
7.6 Enzymes – summary of mark schemes
... (shape of an) allosteric enzyme alternates between active and inactive (form); non-competitive inhibitor binds to allosteric site / away from active site; non-competitive inhibitor changes shape of active site; non-competitive inhibitors do not compete with substrate for the active site; end-product ...
... (shape of an) allosteric enzyme alternates between active and inactive (form); non-competitive inhibitor binds to allosteric site / away from active site; non-competitive inhibitor changes shape of active site; non-competitive inhibitors do not compete with substrate for the active site; end-product ...
Respiration
... It is the process of breaking a glucose into 2 Pyruvates. It is a source for some ATP & NADH and occurs in the ...
... It is the process of breaking a glucose into 2 Pyruvates. It is a source for some ATP & NADH and occurs in the ...
Syllabus Chem 371-001: Biochemistry II Department of Chemistry
... handout for instructions on how to use this site if you are not already familiar with it. It is essential that you access the site regularly to do well in this class. ...
... handout for instructions on how to use this site if you are not already familiar with it. It is essential that you access the site regularly to do well in this class. ...
2.1 2 Translation - Pearson Schools and FE Colleges
... acid can bind. At the other end of the molecule are three unpaired nucleotide bases, known as an anticodon. Each anticodon can bind temporarily with its complementary codon. ...
... acid can bind. At the other end of the molecule are three unpaired nucleotide bases, known as an anticodon. Each anticodon can bind temporarily with its complementary codon. ...
Document
... charges; abbreviated P . The phosphate group (—OPO32–) is an ionized form of a phosphoric acid group (—OPO3H2; note the two hydrogens). ...
... charges; abbreviated P . The phosphate group (—OPO32–) is an ionized form of a phosphoric acid group (—OPO3H2; note the two hydrogens). ...
File
... the intensive exercise continues the cells start to respire anaerobically because they do not receive an adequate supply of oxygen from the blood for aerobic respiration During Anaerobic Respiration, the only stage of respiration that can occur is Glycolysis ...
... the intensive exercise continues the cells start to respire anaerobically because they do not receive an adequate supply of oxygen from the blood for aerobic respiration During Anaerobic Respiration, the only stage of respiration that can occur is Glycolysis ...
2004-05
... We hope you are familiar with the system of evaluation to be followed for the Bachelor’s Degree Programme. At this stage you may probably like to re-read the section on assignments in the Programme Guide for Elective courses that we sent you after your enrolment. A weightage of 30 per cent, as you a ...
... We hope you are familiar with the system of evaluation to be followed for the Bachelor’s Degree Programme. At this stage you may probably like to re-read the section on assignments in the Programme Guide for Elective courses that we sent you after your enrolment. A weightage of 30 per cent, as you a ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.