Lec 3: Carbohydrate metabolism
... Thermodynamics of glycolysis With exception of PGK step (Step 7), all the other steps associated with ATP consumption or generation are regulated steps in the pathway. Why? These reactions have large decrease in ΔG, which makes them irreversible steps in vivo. Recall that irreversible steps a ...
... Thermodynamics of glycolysis With exception of PGK step (Step 7), all the other steps associated with ATP consumption or generation are regulated steps in the pathway. Why? These reactions have large decrease in ΔG, which makes them irreversible steps in vivo. Recall that irreversible steps a ...
Unit Overview AP Biology E01: Biochemistry and Introduction to Cells
... What three subatomic particles make up atoms and what are their properties? How are all isotopes of an element similar? In what ways do molecules differ from their component elements? What are they main types of chemical bonds? How does the unique structure of water contribute to its unique properti ...
... What three subatomic particles make up atoms and what are their properties? How are all isotopes of an element similar? In what ways do molecules differ from their component elements? What are they main types of chemical bonds? How does the unique structure of water contribute to its unique properti ...
Reece9e_Lecture_C05
... ○ Some of the molecules that serve as monomers have other functions of their own. The chemical mechanisms which cells use to make and break polymers are similar for all classes of macromolecules. ○ These processes are facilitated by enzymes, specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reacti ...
... ○ Some of the molecules that serve as monomers have other functions of their own. The chemical mechanisms which cells use to make and break polymers are similar for all classes of macromolecules. ○ These processes are facilitated by enzymes, specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reacti ...
Physical properties of amino acids: Chemical properties of amino
... 2-Angiotensin II (8 amino acids) Asp.-Arg.-Val.-Tyr.-Ilu.-His.-Pro.-Phe. (vasoconstrictor) hormone. 3-Vasopressin (9 amino acids) Cys.-Tyr.-Phe.-Gln.-Asn.-Cys.-Pro.-Arg.-Gly. (antidiuretic hormone), acts on kidney tubules to prevent dieresis, secreted by the pituitary gland. ...
... 2-Angiotensin II (8 amino acids) Asp.-Arg.-Val.-Tyr.-Ilu.-His.-Pro.-Phe. (vasoconstrictor) hormone. 3-Vasopressin (9 amino acids) Cys.-Tyr.-Phe.-Gln.-Asn.-Cys.-Pro.-Arg.-Gly. (antidiuretic hormone), acts on kidney tubules to prevent dieresis, secreted by the pituitary gland. ...
Carbohydrates Structure
... joints and as adhesives between cells. Signaling Sugars associated with proteins or lipids are involved in cell signaling. Sugars are involved in cell-cell interactions, immunological responses and determine the metabolic role of many proteins. Carbohydrates are polyalcohols of ketones or aldehydes ...
... joints and as adhesives between cells. Signaling Sugars associated with proteins or lipids are involved in cell signaling. Sugars are involved in cell-cell interactions, immunological responses and determine the metabolic role of many proteins. Carbohydrates are polyalcohols of ketones or aldehydes ...
Are Enzymes Necessary to your Health?
... Digesting food is one of the most energy-consuming tasks that the human body performs on a daily basis. When you eat foods that are enzyme deficient, the body uses a considerable amount of energy making enzymes for the digestion of that food. This can explain why we feel like we need a nap after eat ...
... Digesting food is one of the most energy-consuming tasks that the human body performs on a daily basis. When you eat foods that are enzyme deficient, the body uses a considerable amount of energy making enzymes for the digestion of that food. This can explain why we feel like we need a nap after eat ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient The only way back into the matrix for H+ ions is through a pr ...
... Electrons carried to the inner membrane by NADH and FADH are dropped off at the beginning As the electrons are passed along, their energy is used to pump H+ ions out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space creating a Conc. Gradient The only way back into the matrix for H+ ions is through a pr ...
Strategies of Life
... lipids. Lipids (literally, fats) are oily substances that can't dissolve in water. There are a wide variety of them in cells -- fat and cholesterol are two -- but the ones that form the structure of membranes are of a special class: amphipathic lipids. These are lipids that are hydrophobic (water ha ...
... lipids. Lipids (literally, fats) are oily substances that can't dissolve in water. There are a wide variety of them in cells -- fat and cholesterol are two -- but the ones that form the structure of membranes are of a special class: amphipathic lipids. These are lipids that are hydrophobic (water ha ...
Chapter 9 Study Guide
... b. Glycogen or starch, because they are polymers of glucose. c. Fats, because they are highly reduced compounds. d. Proteins, because the energy stored in their tertiary structure. e. Amino acids, because they can be fed directly into the Krebs cycle. ______23. Fats and proteins can be used as fuel ...
... b. Glycogen or starch, because they are polymers of glucose. c. Fats, because they are highly reduced compounds. d. Proteins, because the energy stored in their tertiary structure. e. Amino acids, because they can be fed directly into the Krebs cycle. ______23. Fats and proteins can be used as fuel ...
Document
... -A carbohydrate marker directs degradative enzymes from Golgi to lysosome. -Patients having I-cell disease cannot attach sugar(mannose) to degradative enzymes. Enzymes cannot be targeted to lysosome but secreted to blood. -Inclusion body of undigested glycosaminoglycans and glyco ...
... -A carbohydrate marker directs degradative enzymes from Golgi to lysosome. -Patients having I-cell disease cannot attach sugar(mannose) to degradative enzymes. Enzymes cannot be targeted to lysosome but secreted to blood. -Inclusion body of undigested glycosaminoglycans and glyco ...
Document
... -A carbohydrate marker directs degradative enzymes from Golgi to lysosome. -Patients having I-cell disease cannot attach sugar(mannose) to degradative enzymes. Enzymes cannot be targeted to lysosome but secreted to blood. -Inclusion body of undigested glycosaminoglycans and glyco ...
... -A carbohydrate marker directs degradative enzymes from Golgi to lysosome. -Patients having I-cell disease cannot attach sugar(mannose) to degradative enzymes. Enzymes cannot be targeted to lysosome but secreted to blood. -Inclusion body of undigested glycosaminoglycans and glyco ...
FUNCTIONS OF CELL ORGANELLES
... These proteins are called histones. There are five classes of histones- H1,H2A, H2B, H3, H4.These proteins are positively charged and they interact with negatively charged DNA. Two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the structural core of the nucleosome.Around this core the segment of DN ...
... These proteins are called histones. There are five classes of histones- H1,H2A, H2B, H3, H4.These proteins are positively charged and they interact with negatively charged DNA. Two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the structural core of the nucleosome.Around this core the segment of DN ...
functions of cell organelles
... These proteins are called histones. There are five classes of histones- H1,H2A, H2B, H3, H4.These proteins are positively charged and they interact with negatively charged DNA. Two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the structural core of the nucleosome.Around this core the segment of DN ...
... These proteins are called histones. There are five classes of histones- H1,H2A, H2B, H3, H4.These proteins are positively charged and they interact with negatively charged DNA. Two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 form the structural core of the nucleosome.Around this core the segment of DN ...
2.1 i. Explain the difference between atomic number and mass
... What does it mean for water to have a high heat capacity? What does this mean do organisms that use water? What type of bond holds the water molecule together? What kind of bond attracts water molecules to one-another? What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? Explain the coh ...
... What does it mean for water to have a high heat capacity? What does this mean do organisms that use water? What type of bond holds the water molecule together? What kind of bond attracts water molecules to one-another? What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic? Explain the coh ...
Chapter 3 - Martini
... – control functions of nucleic acids – structures and replication of DNA – DNA and RNA in protein synthesis ...
... – control functions of nucleic acids – structures and replication of DNA – DNA and RNA in protein synthesis ...
Transcription/Translation foldable
... Cut out the steps of protein synthesis, and glue them in order on the back of your ...
... Cut out the steps of protein synthesis, and glue them in order on the back of your ...
2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
... 2.3 Carbon-Based Molecules • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. ...
WEEK FOUR
... to neutral chemical compounds containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with which hydrogen and oxygen occurring in the same proportion as in water (CH2O). Chemically, carbohydrates are therefore polyhydroxyl aldehyde or ketones or substances that yield these on hydrolysis. CHO consists of ...
... to neutral chemical compounds containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with which hydrogen and oxygen occurring in the same proportion as in water (CH2O). Chemically, carbohydrates are therefore polyhydroxyl aldehyde or ketones or substances that yield these on hydrolysis. CHO consists of ...
Chapter 10 Summary
... variety of neurological problems and can be severe, especially in infants. There are no known toxic effects of biotin. The active form of folate in the body is tetrahydrofolate acid (THF), which is involved in single-carbon transfer reactions. Many of these are needed for amino acid metabolism. For ...
... variety of neurological problems and can be severe, especially in infants. There are no known toxic effects of biotin. The active form of folate in the body is tetrahydrofolate acid (THF), which is involved in single-carbon transfer reactions. Many of these are needed for amino acid metabolism. For ...
Name - straubel
... This is called the ___________________________ gradient. Click this link. 8. What passes through the proton channel? ____________________ 9. Is this by diffusion or active transport? __________________ 10. What is produced by this special protein channel as H+ ions continue to pass through it? _____ ...
... This is called the ___________________________ gradient. Click this link. 8. What passes through the proton channel? ____________________ 9. Is this by diffusion or active transport? __________________ 10. What is produced by this special protein channel as H+ ions continue to pass through it? _____ ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.