Chapter 19 - Evangel University
... • Helps plants grow in the dark: • Seeds are rich in lipids, which contain fatty acids • During germination, plants use the acetyl-CoA produced in fatty acid oxidation to produce oxaloacetate and other intermediates for carbohydrate synthesis • Once plants begin photosynthesis and can fix CO2, glyox ...
... • Helps plants grow in the dark: • Seeds are rich in lipids, which contain fatty acids • During germination, plants use the acetyl-CoA produced in fatty acid oxidation to produce oxaloacetate and other intermediates for carbohydrate synthesis • Once plants begin photosynthesis and can fix CO2, glyox ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
8.07 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis And Oxidation
... Dihydroxynaphthoyl-CoA synthase and BadI: Dieckmann and retro-Dieckmann reactions 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase Summary and Future Prospects ...
... Dihydroxynaphthoyl-CoA synthase and BadI: Dieckmann and retro-Dieckmann reactions 3-Hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase Summary and Future Prospects ...
ENERGY
... Solar energy enters living things when plants (producers) make organic compounds ( sugar) They use the process of photosynthesis These organisms are called autotrophs Other organisms must eat the autotrophs or something that ate an autotroph; they are heterotrophs Food molecules = fuel C ...
... Solar energy enters living things when plants (producers) make organic compounds ( sugar) They use the process of photosynthesis These organisms are called autotrophs Other organisms must eat the autotrophs or something that ate an autotroph; they are heterotrophs Food molecules = fuel C ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... addition of fumarate resulted in a very large increase in oxygen consumption. Explain this observation. 8. Describe the mechanism by which proton-motive force in the mitochondria drives the synthesis of ATP. 9. How many ATP are synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation from each NADH produced during ...
... addition of fumarate resulted in a very large increase in oxygen consumption. Explain this observation. 8. Describe the mechanism by which proton-motive force in the mitochondria drives the synthesis of ATP. 9. How many ATP are synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation from each NADH produced during ...
The Connection between Anaerobic Metabolism and Dental Plaque
... Plaque on tooth roots, under gum, can cause breakdown of bone and tooth support (Periodontal Disease) ...
... Plaque on tooth roots, under gum, can cause breakdown of bone and tooth support (Periodontal Disease) ...
Oxygen
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
Toxic Effects of Nitric Oxide
... shut down cellular activities. As a result of the high reactivity with a wide range of cellular components, NO+ is very toxic to cells. ...
... shut down cellular activities. As a result of the high reactivity with a wide range of cellular components, NO+ is very toxic to cells. ...
IB Biology HL1 Fall MC questions Water / Characteristics of life
... The shape of the active site can be changed by the binding of an allosteric inhibitor. ...
... The shape of the active site can be changed by the binding of an allosteric inhibitor. ...
Attachment 3 Speakers（English version）
... acids as building blocks of foldamers. The group discovered a new series of peptidomimetics based on aminoxy acids (a class of unnatural amino acids). The group discovered a series of small molecules that self-assemble into ion channels for selective transport of cations or anions. The current focus ...
... acids as building blocks of foldamers. The group discovered a new series of peptidomimetics based on aminoxy acids (a class of unnatural amino acids). The group discovered a series of small molecules that self-assemble into ion channels for selective transport of cations or anions. The current focus ...
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE “AEROBIC PHASE OF
... sucroses the remaining energy is stored in the two molecules of pyruvate. The next two stages of respiration (the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation – i.e., electron transport coupled to ATP synthesis) take place within an organelle enclosed by a double membrane, the mitochondrion (Fig. ...
... sucroses the remaining energy is stored in the two molecules of pyruvate. The next two stages of respiration (the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation – i.e., electron transport coupled to ATP synthesis) take place within an organelle enclosed by a double membrane, the mitochondrion (Fig. ...
Chapter 6: How Cells Harvest Energy
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
... Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transferred to electron acceptors, which produces a proton gradient Proton gradient used to drive synthesis of ATP. Chemiosmosis: ATP synthase allows H+ to flow across inner mitochondrial membrane down concentration gradient, which produces ATP. Ultimate acc ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... the fuel to oxygen at one time. Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. At key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose. In many oxidation reactions, the electron is transferred with a proton, as a hydrogen atom. ...
... the fuel to oxygen at one time. Rather, glucose and other fuels are broken down in a series of steps, each catalyzed by a specific enzyme. At key steps, electrons are stripped from the glucose. In many oxidation reactions, the electron is transferred with a proton, as a hydrogen atom. ...
What is life?
... All living things must respond to their external environment Living things respond to immediate and long term changes in their environment Example: humans shiver when cold, animals may change fur color, plants bend toward light ...
... All living things must respond to their external environment Living things respond to immediate and long term changes in their environment Example: humans shiver when cold, animals may change fur color, plants bend toward light ...
a-amino acid
... considered from the origins and fates of their: (1) Nitrogen atoms (2) Carbon skeletons • For mammals: Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet Nonessential amino acids - can be synthesized ...
... considered from the origins and fates of their: (1) Nitrogen atoms (2) Carbon skeletons • For mammals: Essential amino acids must be obtained from diet Nonessential amino acids - can be synthesized ...
Features of the DNA Double Helix - E
... Monosaccharides are a fuel for celular metabolism. Monosaccharides are used in several biosynthesis reactions. Monosaccharides may be converted into space-saving polysaccharides, such as glyocogen and starch. These molecules provide stored energy for plant and animal cells. Carbohydrates are ...
... Monosaccharides are a fuel for celular metabolism. Monosaccharides are used in several biosynthesis reactions. Monosaccharides may be converted into space-saving polysaccharides, such as glyocogen and starch. These molecules provide stored energy for plant and animal cells. Carbohydrates are ...
Metabolism—the lost child of cardiology∗
... which the energy content of fuels is transferred to the high energy phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Metabolism and contraction of the heart are therefore inseparably linked, which means that ATP must be continuously remade by the dynamo of metabolism. The high turnover rate of ATP m ...
... which the energy content of fuels is transferred to the high energy phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Metabolism and contraction of the heart are therefore inseparably linked, which means that ATP must be continuously remade by the dynamo of metabolism. The high turnover rate of ATP m ...
Slide 1
... Source of ATP in resting muscle fibers • Resting muscle fibers takes up free fatty acids from blood. • Fatty acids are oxidized (in the mitochondria) to produce acetyl CoA & molecules of NADH & FADH2 ...
... Source of ATP in resting muscle fibers • Resting muscle fibers takes up free fatty acids from blood. • Fatty acids are oxidized (in the mitochondria) to produce acetyl CoA & molecules of NADH & FADH2 ...
BIO CH 3 Biosphere
... *All organisms require nitrogen to make amino acids which in return make PROTEINS. *There are many different forms of nitrogen: Nitrogen Gas (N2); ...
... *All organisms require nitrogen to make amino acids which in return make PROTEINS. *There are many different forms of nitrogen: Nitrogen Gas (N2); ...
Lipid Synthesis 1. Fatty acid synthesis
... Fatty acids are a more efficient form of energy storage than carbohydrates because they are less hydrated, as result of fewer hydroxyl groups being available for hydrogen bonding. The energy content of fat tissue is 38 kJ/gm compared to 17 kJ/gm for carbohydrates. The processes of fatty acid degrada ...
... Fatty acids are a more efficient form of energy storage than carbohydrates because they are less hydrated, as result of fewer hydroxyl groups being available for hydrogen bonding. The energy content of fat tissue is 38 kJ/gm compared to 17 kJ/gm for carbohydrates. The processes of fatty acid degrada ...
Biochemistry
... radiation or by the carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke), it can lead to medical problems. For instance, it may cause cells to self-replicate in a fast, uncontrolled manner. This self-replication is a prime cause of cancer. The anti-cancer drug cisplatin works by undergoing a ligand exchange rea ...
... radiation or by the carcinogenic chemicals in tobacco smoke), it can lead to medical problems. For instance, it may cause cells to self-replicate in a fast, uncontrolled manner. This self-replication is a prime cause of cancer. The anti-cancer drug cisplatin works by undergoing a ligand exchange rea ...
Bioenergetics Objectives Objectives
... – Short-term, high-intensity activities – Long-term, low to moderate-intensity exercise ...
... – Short-term, high-intensity activities – Long-term, low to moderate-intensity exercise ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.