biochemistry - Louis Bolk Institute
... How can we do justice to life itself when studying the life sciences? Biochemistry is the area in the life sciences which pre-eminently offers insight into the continuous and manifold changes that occur in organisms. It shows substances to be not static but ever changing, in structure as well as fun ...
... How can we do justice to life itself when studying the life sciences? Biochemistry is the area in the life sciences which pre-eminently offers insight into the continuous and manifold changes that occur in organisms. It shows substances to be not static but ever changing, in structure as well as fun ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... sugar phosphates is converted to pyruvate. In the process, an energy-rich hydrogen is harvested as NADH, and two ATP molecules are formed. ...
... sugar phosphates is converted to pyruvate. In the process, an energy-rich hydrogen is harvested as NADH, and two ATP molecules are formed. ...
Theory21_30
... Use the following information to answer Questions 28-29 The following enzymes (A-E) are all involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose: ...
... Use the following information to answer Questions 28-29 The following enzymes (A-E) are all involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from glucose: ...
Name: Pd: _____ Date: Modeling Protein Structure Background
... 2. This primary structure will fold to form the secondary structure, which includes the formation of hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. a. Represent these interactions by folding your pipe cleaner into an alpha helix or a betapleated sheet. b. ...
... 2. This primary structure will fold to form the secondary structure, which includes the formation of hydrogen bonds between the amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another. a. Represent these interactions by folding your pipe cleaner into an alpha helix or a betapleated sheet. b. ...
Evidence of Common Ancestry
... organic monomers, such as amino acids, sugars, phosphates, and bases. The more difficult problem was describing how these simple chemical systems became complex enough to form organisms— how did monomers become polymers, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. In the 1980s, American scientist T ...
... organic monomers, such as amino acids, sugars, phosphates, and bases. The more difficult problem was describing how these simple chemical systems became complex enough to form organisms— how did monomers become polymers, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. In the 1980s, American scientist T ...
MCD: Metabolism – Introduction to Protein Structure
... Proline can be modified to produce hydroxyproline e.g. collagen fibres, a major constituent of skin, cartilage, teeth & bones. These additional hydroxyl groups help to stabilise the fibres. The addition of sugar residues to the asparagine residues of proteins (N-linked glycosylation) increases their ...
... Proline can be modified to produce hydroxyproline e.g. collagen fibres, a major constituent of skin, cartilage, teeth & bones. These additional hydroxyl groups help to stabilise the fibres. The addition of sugar residues to the asparagine residues of proteins (N-linked glycosylation) increases their ...
Cellular Respiration
... carried to liver where pyruvate can be regenerated Lactic acid is also important in the making of cheese and yogurt ...
... carried to liver where pyruvate can be regenerated Lactic acid is also important in the making of cheese and yogurt ...
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... Notice that the low energy electron starts at p680, is hit by the photon and becomes high energy. It then is carried by enzyme 3 to the cytochromes where its energy is converted into ATP and the electron becomes low energy. It is passed to enzyme 4 and then to p700 where it is hit by another photon ...
... Notice that the low energy electron starts at p680, is hit by the photon and becomes high energy. It then is carried by enzyme 3 to the cytochromes where its energy is converted into ATP and the electron becomes low energy. It is passed to enzyme 4 and then to p700 where it is hit by another photon ...
doc Final Exam 2002
... a) intracellular breakdown of lipoproteins b) intestinal uptake of dietary fat c) lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids d) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (triglycerides) of lipoproteins in the bloodstream and release of fatty acids to various tissues e) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols t ...
... a) intracellular breakdown of lipoproteins b) intestinal uptake of dietary fat c) lipoprotein breakdown to supply needed amino acids d) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (triglycerides) of lipoproteins in the bloodstream and release of fatty acids to various tissues e) hydrolysis of triacylglycerols t ...
sbs-017 basic biochemistry - Personal Webspace for QMUL
... Objectives: To illustrate how metabolic pathways work, and are linked together by various soluble cofactors to transport energy and chemical groups. How a thermodynamically favourable reaction can drive a thermodynamically unfavourable one. ATP as a free energy donor in most energy-requiring process ...
... Objectives: To illustrate how metabolic pathways work, and are linked together by various soluble cofactors to transport energy and chemical groups. How a thermodynamically favourable reaction can drive a thermodynamically unfavourable one. ATP as a free energy donor in most energy-requiring process ...
Fundamentals of Biochemistry 2/e
... 1 CO2 produced in 1 round of the cycle Oxidation of acetyl groups to 2 CO2 requires transfer of 4 pair of electrons ...
... 1 CO2 produced in 1 round of the cycle Oxidation of acetyl groups to 2 CO2 requires transfer of 4 pair of electrons ...
2.4 Proteins
... • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few monomers to more than a thousand • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino ...
... • A polypeptide is a polymer of amino acids • Polypeptides range in length from a few monomers to more than a thousand • Each polypeptide has a unique linear sequence of amino ...
Organic Chemistry Name - Fairfield Public Schools
... Two glucose molecules may be combined by ___________________ _________________(process) to make ___________________. 8. Carbohydrates are used for what main two purposes? Why are their structures relevant to their purpose? ...
... Two glucose molecules may be combined by ___________________ _________________(process) to make ___________________. 8. Carbohydrates are used for what main two purposes? Why are their structures relevant to their purpose? ...
2008 VFA Absorption
... – Acetate and B(OH)butyrate contribute equally to the first 4 carbons – Must be converted to acetyl CoA for additional C • Lactate – 5 – 10% of the fatty acids in milk – Inversely related to the amount of acetate available » Controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase – Additional uses of lactate » Glycero ...
... – Acetate and B(OH)butyrate contribute equally to the first 4 carbons – Must be converted to acetyl CoA for additional C • Lactate – 5 – 10% of the fatty acids in milk – Inversely related to the amount of acetate available » Controlled by pyruvate dehydrogenase – Additional uses of lactate » Glycero ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
... 9. What is the purpose of NAD+? What type of reaction is NAD+ involved in? The purpose of NAD+ is to serve as an electron carrier. As bonds are broken in the molecule when it is oxidized (loses electrons and H+ ion), NAD+ collects the energy in the form of electrons and becomes reduced to NADH (oxid ...
... 9. What is the purpose of NAD+? What type of reaction is NAD+ involved in? The purpose of NAD+ is to serve as an electron carrier. As bonds are broken in the molecule when it is oxidized (loses electrons and H+ ion), NAD+ collects the energy in the form of electrons and becomes reduced to NADH (oxid ...
Evolution connection: proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids
... Students will understand that 1) our evolutionary history has affected our genes and proteins, 2) the availability of particular carbohydrates in the environment has shaped the evolutionary history of different human populations, and 3) our evolutionary history matters in our everyday lives. ...
... Students will understand that 1) our evolutionary history has affected our genes and proteins, 2) the availability of particular carbohydrates in the environment has shaped the evolutionary history of different human populations, and 3) our evolutionary history matters in our everyday lives. ...
Chemical Equation Interpretations – Match the chemical equation
... carbonate in seashells and marble structures. This reaction produces calcium sulfate dissolved in water and carbon dioxide gas. ...
... carbonate in seashells and marble structures. This reaction produces calcium sulfate dissolved in water and carbon dioxide gas. ...
Energy Conversion Pathways 1. Substrate level phosphorylation
... addition of fumarate resulted in a very large increase in oxygen consumption. Explain this observation. 8. Describe the mechanism by which proton-motive force in the mitochondria drives the synthesis of ATP. 9. How many ATP are synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation from each NADH produced during ...
... addition of fumarate resulted in a very large increase in oxygen consumption. Explain this observation. 8. Describe the mechanism by which proton-motive force in the mitochondria drives the synthesis of ATP. 9. How many ATP are synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation from each NADH produced during ...
clin sys MENU v 8
... ELITech Clinical Systems offers a broad and growing menu of liquid-stable reagents backed by more than 25 years of experience in assay development and reagent manufacturing. ELITech reagents are: ...
... ELITech Clinical Systems offers a broad and growing menu of liquid-stable reagents backed by more than 25 years of experience in assay development and reagent manufacturing. ELITech reagents are: ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.