The Biochemistry of Red blood cells Metabolism and
... • Other proteins are present in combination with lipids and oligosaccharide chains, forming the stroma and cell membrane. • Potassium, magnesium, and zinc concentrations in red cells are much higher than in the plasma. Hemoglobin Metabolism of RBCs : • RBCs contain no mitochondria, so there is no re ...
... • Other proteins are present in combination with lipids and oligosaccharide chains, forming the stroma and cell membrane. • Potassium, magnesium, and zinc concentrations in red cells are much higher than in the plasma. Hemoglobin Metabolism of RBCs : • RBCs contain no mitochondria, so there is no re ...
Chapter 19 Carbohydrate Biosynthesis
... neither Lys and Leu nor even-numbered fatty acids are glucogenic in mammals; but net conversion of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate occurs in organisms like plants and bacteria that have the glyoxylate cycle. • Fatty acid oxidation provide an important energy source for gluconeogenesis. ...
... neither Lys and Leu nor even-numbered fatty acids are glucogenic in mammals; but net conversion of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate occurs in organisms like plants and bacteria that have the glyoxylate cycle. • Fatty acid oxidation provide an important energy source for gluconeogenesis. ...
Semmelweis University Department of Medical Biochemistry
... CARBOHYDRATES 1.Major carbohydrate components of food. Their digestion and absorption. Lactose intolerance. 2.GLUT family glucose transporters (localisation, special characteristics and role). 3.The pathway and importance of anaerobic glycolysis. Major lactate producing cells and tissues. 4.Glucose ...
... CARBOHYDRATES 1.Major carbohydrate components of food. Their digestion and absorption. Lactose intolerance. 2.GLUT family glucose transporters (localisation, special characteristics and role). 3.The pathway and importance of anaerobic glycolysis. Major lactate producing cells and tissues. 4.Glucose ...
REGISTERED DIETITIAN EXAMINATION
... (50 marks) 11. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE (1 x 5 = 5 marks) (a) Heparin inhibits conversion of prothrombin (b) Insulin functions by promoting cellular oxidation of glucose (c) Aldosterbne regulates sodium balance (d) One of the earliest indicators of iron deficiency ana ...
... (50 marks) 11. State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE (1 x 5 = 5 marks) (a) Heparin inhibits conversion of prothrombin (b) Insulin functions by promoting cellular oxidation of glucose (c) Aldosterbne regulates sodium balance (d) One of the earliest indicators of iron deficiency ana ...
Biochemistry Objectives 43
... Cortisol: low levels are maintained during the well-fed state due to the abundance of exogenous glucose; however, during the late post-absorptive state and early starvation, where protein catabolism for gluconeogenesis is necessary, cortisol synthesis and release is stimulated. Cortisol levels drop ...
... Cortisol: low levels are maintained during the well-fed state due to the abundance of exogenous glucose; however, during the late post-absorptive state and early starvation, where protein catabolism for gluconeogenesis is necessary, cortisol synthesis and release is stimulated. Cortisol levels drop ...
Lecture 8 LC710- 1st + 2nd hr
... Oli gonucleotide synthesis is carried out by a stepwise addition of nucleotide residues to the 5'-termi nus of the growing chain until the desired sequence is assembled. Each addition is referred to as a synthetic cycle (Scheme 6) and consists of four chemi cal reactions: * Step 1 - De-blocking (de ...
... Oli gonucleotide synthesis is carried out by a stepwise addition of nucleotide residues to the 5'-termi nus of the growing chain until the desired sequence is assembled. Each addition is referred to as a synthetic cycle (Scheme 6) and consists of four chemi cal reactions: * Step 1 - De-blocking (de ...
Aerobic Energy Systems
... VO2 max is the maximum amount of O2 that the body can consume and use. A higher VO2 max means a higher level of aerobic fitness. If exercise intensity is submaximal (below VO2 max) then O2 consumption reaches a ‘steady state.’ – O2 consumption matches O2 required. VO2 max can be assessed by measurin ...
... VO2 max is the maximum amount of O2 that the body can consume and use. A higher VO2 max means a higher level of aerobic fitness. If exercise intensity is submaximal (below VO2 max) then O2 consumption reaches a ‘steady state.’ – O2 consumption matches O2 required. VO2 max can be assessed by measurin ...
Photosynthesis in nature
... eating other organisms • Heterotrophs: biotic consumers; obtains organic food by eating other organisms or their by-products ...
... eating other organisms • Heterotrophs: biotic consumers; obtains organic food by eating other organisms or their by-products ...
Slide 1
... Surface Tension Created by cohesion and due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the polar water molecules. ...
... Surface Tension Created by cohesion and due to the strong hydrogen bonding between the polar water molecules. ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... energy; when compounds gain electrons, they ...
... energy; when compounds gain electrons, they ...
fermentations
... Fermentations are nowadays defined as a processes that do not involve electron transport chains that use oxygen, nitrate or other electron acceptors ...
... Fermentations are nowadays defined as a processes that do not involve electron transport chains that use oxygen, nitrate or other electron acceptors ...
Energy represents the capacity to do work. Cells must
... their products and reactants? 4. Oxygen is released during photosynthetic light reactions. Where is this oxygen coming from? ...
... their products and reactants? 4. Oxygen is released during photosynthetic light reactions. Where is this oxygen coming from? ...
Free energy
... B. ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)• the initial investment of energy “energy hump” needed for starting a reaction (energy needed to break the bonds of the reactant ...
... B. ACTIVATION ENERGY (Ea)• the initial investment of energy “energy hump” needed for starting a reaction (energy needed to break the bonds of the reactant ...
Note 4.2 - Aerobic Respiration
... 6. 2 molecules of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate, one from step 4 and the other from step 5, now release one hydrogen atom each (one electron and one proton). The electrons and protons reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH (redox reaction). One hydrogen proton is released into the in cytosol. An inorganic phosphate ...
... 6. 2 molecules of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate, one from step 4 and the other from step 5, now release one hydrogen atom each (one electron and one proton). The electrons and protons reduce 2 NAD+ to 2 NADH (redox reaction). One hydrogen proton is released into the in cytosol. An inorganic phosphate ...
CELSA - Collaborative research project - Application form
... while the mirror image may have no or even adverse effects. Biocatalysts like enzymes often succeed to transform selectively 1 of the 2 enantiomers of a precursor to a desired product, a process termed ‘Kinetic Resolution’ (KR). To valorize the remaining 50% of ‘wrong’ enantiomer in the initial 50-5 ...
... while the mirror image may have no or even adverse effects. Biocatalysts like enzymes often succeed to transform selectively 1 of the 2 enantiomers of a precursor to a desired product, a process termed ‘Kinetic Resolution’ (KR). To valorize the remaining 50% of ‘wrong’ enantiomer in the initial 50-5 ...
Bio 210 Cell Chemistry Lecture 9 “Krebs Cycle”
... b. Lactic acid fermentation in muscle --> produces lactate How do organisms such as yeast and bacteria ferment sugars in the absence of oxygen? Fermentation is essentially a modification of glycolysis that enables the reduced NADH to be reoxidized to NAD+, so it can be used again. Figure 9.17a summa ...
... b. Lactic acid fermentation in muscle --> produces lactate How do organisms such as yeast and bacteria ferment sugars in the absence of oxygen? Fermentation is essentially a modification of glycolysis that enables the reduced NADH to be reoxidized to NAD+, so it can be used again. Figure 9.17a summa ...
Chapter 3: Organic Molecules and life
... a. They are 3-dimensional, each protein’s function depends on its shape, each protein’s shape is determined by its specific sequence of amino acids * Is the sequence of amino acids important to a protein’s function? ...
... a. They are 3-dimensional, each protein’s function depends on its shape, each protein’s shape is determined by its specific sequence of amino acids * Is the sequence of amino acids important to a protein’s function? ...
Brief Answer Key (up to 2/9)
... b. 2* = Hydrogen bonding between peptide backbone that form alpha helices and beta sheets. H-bonding between C=O on one AA to the Hydrogen on N-H of another AA c. 3* = Interactions between the R groups causes the protein to adopt its folded structure. One of the driving forces here is the hydrophob ...
... b. 2* = Hydrogen bonding between peptide backbone that form alpha helices and beta sheets. H-bonding between C=O on one AA to the Hydrogen on N-H of another AA c. 3* = Interactions between the R groups causes the protein to adopt its folded structure. One of the driving forces here is the hydrophob ...
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake
... All growth yields (g biomass/g substrate) are constant since YATP (g biomass/mol ATP), the PO ratio (mol ATP/atom oxygen), and growth stoichiometry. ...
... All growth yields (g biomass/g substrate) are constant since YATP (g biomass/mol ATP), the PO ratio (mol ATP/atom oxygen), and growth stoichiometry. ...
Metabolic Model Describing Growth of Substrate Uptake
... All growth yields (g biomass/g substrate) are constant since YATP (g biomass/mol ATP), the PO ratio (mol ATP/atom oxygen), and growth stoichiometry. ...
... All growth yields (g biomass/g substrate) are constant since YATP (g biomass/mol ATP), the PO ratio (mol ATP/atom oxygen), and growth stoichiometry. ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.