Media Supplements - Formulation - Sigma
... requirement of many cell types. When the following supplements are used with 2–4% serum, proliferation is reported to be similar to medium supplemented with 10% serum. ITS - a mixture of bovine insulin, human transferrin (partially iron-saturated), and sodium selenite. It is a general cell supplemen ...
... requirement of many cell types. When the following supplements are used with 2–4% serum, proliferation is reported to be similar to medium supplemented with 10% serum. ITS - a mixture of bovine insulin, human transferrin (partially iron-saturated), and sodium selenite. It is a general cell supplemen ...
Bio_Ch2_ Enzymes_2009
... Substrate or Enzyme • Increase Concentration of Substrate – More substrate available to make contact with enzyme – Speeds up reaction rate up to a point – Reaction rate decreases as substrate is converted into product ...
... Substrate or Enzyme • Increase Concentration of Substrate – More substrate available to make contact with enzyme – Speeds up reaction rate up to a point – Reaction rate decreases as substrate is converted into product ...
Center for Structural Biology
... Transport- O2/CO2, cholesterol, metals, sugars Storage- metals, amino acids, Enzymes- substrates, inhibitors, co-factors Cell function- proteins, RNA, DNA, metals, ions Immune response- foreign matter (antigens) ...
... Transport- O2/CO2, cholesterol, metals, sugars Storage- metals, amino acids, Enzymes- substrates, inhibitors, co-factors Cell function- proteins, RNA, DNA, metals, ions Immune response- foreign matter (antigens) ...
A1981LC33100001
... adapted from spot tests used in organic chemistry, coupled with the substitution of nitric acid by nitrous acid in the second stage. It is this last partly serendipitous ...
... adapted from spot tests used in organic chemistry, coupled with the substitution of nitric acid by nitrous acid in the second stage. It is this last partly serendipitous ...
Photosynthesis Part 5
... stomata which results in photorespiration Photorespiration – plants fix O2 instead of CO2 – producing a 2C compound instead of G3P Photorespiration = use of ATP from light ...
... stomata which results in photorespiration Photorespiration – plants fix O2 instead of CO2 – producing a 2C compound instead of G3P Photorespiration = use of ATP from light ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... inside the mitochondrial matrix, and gets oxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle is an 8-step process involving different enzymes and co-enz ...
... inside the mitochondrial matrix, and gets oxidized to CO2 while at the same time reducing NAD to NADH. NADH can be used by the electron transport chain to create further ATP as part of oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle is an 8-step process involving different enzymes and co-enz ...
Geoff Barton`s Protein Structure: A quick reminder
... and disallowed backbone conformations. (a) Allowed regions (b) Plot for all amino acids except Glycine (c) Plot for Glycine Known as a Ramachandran plot. ...
... and disallowed backbone conformations. (a) Allowed regions (b) Plot for all amino acids except Glycine (c) Plot for Glycine Known as a Ramachandran plot. ...
Generalities Main amino acid reactions
... Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
... Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
EVPP 110 Lecture - Exam 1 - Study Guide
... • Does an enzyme contribute raw materials to a reaction it catalyzes? • Does an enzyme contribute energy to a reaction it catalyzes? • How is an enzyme affected by its physical environment? • What are the three major categories of factors that affect enzyme activity? • How does a competitive inhibit ...
... • Does an enzyme contribute raw materials to a reaction it catalyzes? • Does an enzyme contribute energy to a reaction it catalyzes? • How is an enzyme affected by its physical environment? • What are the three major categories of factors that affect enzyme activity? • How does a competitive inhibit ...
RNA: Early Life Forms?
... 1. Has a genotype (genetic blueprint that stores and transmits information). ...
... 1. Has a genotype (genetic blueprint that stores and transmits information). ...
Beta Oxidation of Fatty Acids
... the hydroxyl group at the beta position which forms a beta-ketoacyl-CoA derivative. This is the second oxidation step in this pathway and it is catalyzed by L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase. This enzyme needs to have NAD+ as a coenzyme and the NADH produced represents metabolic energy because for eve ...
... the hydroxyl group at the beta position which forms a beta-ketoacyl-CoA derivative. This is the second oxidation step in this pathway and it is catalyzed by L-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase. This enzyme needs to have NAD+ as a coenzyme and the NADH produced represents metabolic energy because for eve ...
fates of pyruvate
... 2)lactic acid fermentation - pyruvate converted to lactic acid (cheese, yogurt) - Aerobic conditions: Pyruvate enter the mitochondria where it is completely oxidized Pyruvate -> enzyme -> acetyl group + CO2 + NADH ...
... 2)lactic acid fermentation - pyruvate converted to lactic acid (cheese, yogurt) - Aerobic conditions: Pyruvate enter the mitochondria where it is completely oxidized Pyruvate -> enzyme -> acetyl group + CO2 + NADH ...
C4 and CAM Photosynthesis
... with Oxygen under low CO2 conditions. Thus some of the enzyme is converted to CO2, bypassing the Calvin cycle. When this happens photosynthesis operates at a much reduced rate. The rate of photorespiration increases ...
... with Oxygen under low CO2 conditions. Thus some of the enzyme is converted to CO2, bypassing the Calvin cycle. When this happens photosynthesis operates at a much reduced rate. The rate of photorespiration increases ...
Basic cellular physiology and anatomy, general
... move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. Comment Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, ...
... move towards the periphery of the cell and upon stimulation, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules. Comment Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... i. pectin. (5 marks) ii. classification of amino acids (15 marks) 30. a) i. Define active site. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action (8 marks). ii. Define enzyme inhibition. Explain the types of enzyme inhibition. (12 marks) ...
... i. pectin. (5 marks) ii. classification of amino acids (15 marks) 30. a) i. Define active site. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action (8 marks). ii. Define enzyme inhibition. Explain the types of enzyme inhibition. (12 marks) ...
Cell Location
... In fermentation, the pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis does not enter the _mitochondria_, instead, the entire pathway takes place in the _cytosol____. Fermentation does not produce any additional _ATP__, but the removal of pyruvic acid from the cytosol allows the process of glycolysis and the ne ...
... In fermentation, the pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis does not enter the _mitochondria_, instead, the entire pathway takes place in the _cytosol____. Fermentation does not produce any additional _ATP__, but the removal of pyruvic acid from the cytosol allows the process of glycolysis and the ne ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into (ATP), ...
... respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into (ATP), ...
Enzyme Kinetics
... Enzyme Kinetics Enzymes are large protein molecules which act as biological catalysts – they speed up reactions in the body by reducing the activation energy of the reaction. The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a substrate, and the place on the enzyme where the substrate binds is called t ...
... Enzyme Kinetics Enzymes are large protein molecules which act as biological catalysts – they speed up reactions in the body by reducing the activation energy of the reaction. The molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a substrate, and the place on the enzyme where the substrate binds is called t ...
GLYCOLYSIS (1).
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
GLYCOLYSIS
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
... • It occurs in the cytosol of all cells. • Its unique features is that it can function aerobically or anaerobically, depending on the availability of oxygen and electron transport chain. • RBCs have no mitochondria and they rely completely on glucose as their metabolic fuel and metabolize it anaerob ...
lect5
... Urea - major nitrogen excretion product. NH4+ - produced in the kidney by deamination of glutamine. Reduces body acidity because the process removes protons. ...
... Urea - major nitrogen excretion product. NH4+ - produced in the kidney by deamination of glutamine. Reduces body acidity because the process removes protons. ...
Answers to Mastering Concepts Questions
... Within the matrix of the mitochondria, the Krebs cycle reactions take place; the results of the Krebs cycle are carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2 molecules. The electron transport chain uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria to the interm ...
... Within the matrix of the mitochondria, the Krebs cycle reactions take place; the results of the Krebs cycle are carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2 molecules. The electron transport chain uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to pump hydrogen ions across the inner membrane of the mitochondria to the interm ...
- Angelo State University
... – Each pathway consists of a series of chemical reactions that convert a starting material into an end product (e.g., the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain). – Fortunately, there are a great many similarities among the major metabolic pathways in all life forms. ...
... – Each pathway consists of a series of chemical reactions that convert a starting material into an end product (e.g., the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain). – Fortunately, there are a great many similarities among the major metabolic pathways in all life forms. ...
Assignment on DNA, RNA, Transcription and Translation
... making mRNA from DNA is called transcription. After transcription, the mRNA copies leave the nucleus to be in the part of the cell outside the nucleus, otherwise known as the cytoplasm. mRNA can’t build a cell by itself; it needs workers to read the information coded on it and turn that information ...
... making mRNA from DNA is called transcription. After transcription, the mRNA copies leave the nucleus to be in the part of the cell outside the nucleus, otherwise known as the cytoplasm. mRNA can’t build a cell by itself; it needs workers to read the information coded on it and turn that information ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.