Symbolic Systems Biology
... using formal methods tools: given an initial state execute --- find some pathway search --- find all reachable states satisfying a given property model-check --- find a pathway satisfying a temporal formula using reflection find all rules that use / produce X (for example, activated Rac) find rules ...
... using formal methods tools: given an initial state execute --- find some pathway search --- find all reachable states satisfying a given property model-check --- find a pathway satisfying a temporal formula using reflection find all rules that use / produce X (for example, activated Rac) find rules ...
Essential Cell Biology (3rd ed.)
... and van der Waals attractions, which are described in Chapter 2 (see Panel 2–7, pp. 76–77). Because individual noncovalent bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds, it takes many noncovalent bonds to hold two regions of a polypeptide chain together tightly. The stability of each folded shape will t ...
... and van der Waals attractions, which are described in Chapter 2 (see Panel 2–7, pp. 76–77). Because individual noncovalent bonds are much weaker than covalent bonds, it takes many noncovalent bonds to hold two regions of a polypeptide chain together tightly. The stability of each folded shape will t ...
利用电位型电子舌鉴别黄酒酒龄的研究——结合氨基酸组成与含量
... for the producers, wine laws are strict on wine age labeling. For wine age or vintage ...
... for the producers, wine laws are strict on wine age labeling. For wine age or vintage ...
endoplasmic reticulum stress and lipid metabolism
... function and induce UPR signaling. The UPR is also involved in regulation of lipid metabolism and membrane biogenesis, indicating a link between ER-‐stress and lipid homeostasis. In this review, ...
... function and induce UPR signaling. The UPR is also involved in regulation of lipid metabolism and membrane biogenesis, indicating a link between ER-‐stress and lipid homeostasis. In this review, ...
human-physiology-ii-lecture-endomembrane
... •There are two kinds of ER, rough and smooth. •The functions of RER include the synthesis of protein, modification/processing and quality control of newly synthesized proteins. •The SER has functions in several metabolic processes. •It takes part in the synthesis of various lipids , fatty acids and ...
... •There are two kinds of ER, rough and smooth. •The functions of RER include the synthesis of protein, modification/processing and quality control of newly synthesized proteins. •The SER has functions in several metabolic processes. •It takes part in the synthesis of various lipids , fatty acids and ...
Metabolism of Plasma Membrane Lipids in
... synthesis, these bacteria also scavenge and degrade host cell membrane lipids to acetylCoA, via broad families of β-oxidation and other catabolic enzymes, for incorporation into their own metabolic pathways and to fuel cellular processes. The plasma membrane provides the platform for lipid metabolis ...
... synthesis, these bacteria also scavenge and degrade host cell membrane lipids to acetylCoA, via broad families of β-oxidation and other catabolic enzymes, for incorporation into their own metabolic pathways and to fuel cellular processes. The plasma membrane provides the platform for lipid metabolis ...
Structure of saccharides
... The challenges listed above, which do not even include supramolecular considerations, show that the structural analysis of polysaccharides as well as of complex oligosaccharides, can be a complex and demanding task. Mass spectrometry can provide much information regarding sequence analysis and the i ...
... The challenges listed above, which do not even include supramolecular considerations, show that the structural analysis of polysaccharides as well as of complex oligosaccharides, can be a complex and demanding task. Mass spectrometry can provide much information regarding sequence analysis and the i ...
Second
... smaller than that in lanes 3 and 4 because sugars and the signal peptide have been removed. ...
... smaller than that in lanes 3 and 4 because sugars and the signal peptide have been removed. ...
Adrenergic Transmission
... The terminals of cholinergic neurons contain large numbers of small membrane-bound vesicles concentrated near the synaptic portion of the cell membrane as well as a smaller number of large dense-cored vesicles located farther from the synaptic membrane. The large vesicles contain a high concentratio ...
... The terminals of cholinergic neurons contain large numbers of small membrane-bound vesicles concentrated near the synaptic portion of the cell membrane as well as a smaller number of large dense-cored vesicles located farther from the synaptic membrane. The large vesicles contain a high concentratio ...
Lecture 2 – Week 7 Control of Microbial Growth
... are produced, they will be trapped in the Durham Tube and a gas bubble will form. ...
... are produced, they will be trapped in the Durham Tube and a gas bubble will form. ...
PDF
... embryo and have a direct effect on embryonic tissues was proposed by AdamsSmith (1963). This investigator reported an accumulation of glycogen in the hearts of embryos from dye-treated rats not observed in the controls. It was suggested in this report that trypan blue might act within the myoepicard ...
... embryo and have a direct effect on embryonic tissues was proposed by AdamsSmith (1963). This investigator reported an accumulation of glycogen in the hearts of embryos from dye-treated rats not observed in the controls. It was suggested in this report that trypan blue might act within the myoepicard ...
Genes and Enzymes in Man
... It is now generally believed that genes exert their effects by enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, and this, of course, is only 1 directing the synthesis of enzymes and other proteins. There example out of many. A few cases are also known where a are, of course, a very large number of different enzyme ...
... It is now generally believed that genes exert their effects by enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, and this, of course, is only 1 directing the synthesis of enzymes and other proteins. There example out of many. A few cases are also known where a are, of course, a very large number of different enzyme ...
Press Release
... led by Lars Steinmetz has turned this on its head. The researchers have shown that one end of the mRNA begins to decay while the other is still serving as a template for protein production. Thus, studying the decaying mRNA also provides a snapshot of how proteins are produced. The discovery was made ...
... led by Lars Steinmetz has turned this on its head. The researchers have shown that one end of the mRNA begins to decay while the other is still serving as a template for protein production. Thus, studying the decaying mRNA also provides a snapshot of how proteins are produced. The discovery was made ...
Full-Text PDF
... and helping in catalysis does not seem a viable concept. On the other hand, the idea of catalytic protein existing without RNA storing the polypeptide sequences, which have catalytic activity, and organizing the production of these sequences, also does not seem a viable concept. Here we argue for a ...
... and helping in catalysis does not seem a viable concept. On the other hand, the idea of catalytic protein existing without RNA storing the polypeptide sequences, which have catalytic activity, and organizing the production of these sequences, also does not seem a viable concept. Here we argue for a ...
Paper Title
... of computational approach is highly desirable. In recent years, several tools for predicting the ef- ...
... of computational approach is highly desirable. In recent years, several tools for predicting the ef- ...
- UM Research Repository
... Attempts to improve in vitro culture conditions of early embryos must determine the nutritional requirement of individual nutrient components that impact embryo development in vitro. The findings of the present research effort is to assist elucidate the effect of two amino acids on embryo developmen ...
... Attempts to improve in vitro culture conditions of early embryos must determine the nutritional requirement of individual nutrient components that impact embryo development in vitro. The findings of the present research effort is to assist elucidate the effect of two amino acids on embryo developmen ...
Ketone Body Metabolism
... zKetone bodies are used for energy. zKetone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce energy. zThe heart gets much of its energy from ketone bodies, although it also uses a lot of fatty acids ...
... zKetone bodies are used for energy. zKetone bodies are transported from the liver to other tissues, where acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate can be reconverted to acetyl-CoA to produce energy. zThe heart gets much of its energy from ketone bodies, although it also uses a lot of fatty acids ...
Hydrogen Peroxide-Dependent Conversion of
... Low lactose and high lactic acid in broth media affect the growth of pathogenic type of E coli ...
... Low lactose and high lactic acid in broth media affect the growth of pathogenic type of E coli ...
free energy
... • Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration. • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + E ...
... • Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration. • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose: • C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + E ...
From waste products to ecochemicals: Fifty years research of plant
... extracts appeared but purification of the responsible enzymes remained an exceptional success. As a pioneering work in the field, the purification and characterization of the core-enzyme of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), in Eric Conn’s lab must be mentioned (Koukol and ...
... extracts appeared but purification of the responsible enzymes remained an exceptional success. As a pioneering work in the field, the purification and characterization of the core-enzyme of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), in Eric Conn’s lab must be mentioned (Koukol and ...
Extraction and distribution of free amino acids and
... detailed studies of these compounds should provide important insights into nitrogen cycling in sediments. However, the interpretation of dissolved free amino acid data from sediment interstitial water analyses can be rather difficult since these compounds, besides being free components in interstiti ...
... detailed studies of these compounds should provide important insights into nitrogen cycling in sediments. However, the interpretation of dissolved free amino acid data from sediment interstitial water analyses can be rather difficult since these compounds, besides being free components in interstiti ...
studies in the dielectric constants of fatty acids
... promising field for the study of the correlation between structure and the dielectric constant. Polar liquids are known to form association complexes by dipolar interaction. A precise knowledge of the nature and the extent of this association is of importance, as it provides a basis for correlation ...
... promising field for the study of the correlation between structure and the dielectric constant. Polar liquids are known to form association complexes by dipolar interaction. A precise knowledge of the nature and the extent of this association is of importance, as it provides a basis for correlation ...
Long-chain fatty acids increase basal metabolism
... LC fatty acids increase resting heat rate. The rate of heat production of small isolated cardiac muscle preparations, an indicator of basal metabolism, was measured at high resolution with a microcalorimetric technique. Figure 3 shows a representative example of the effect of oleate (C18:1) on resti ...
... LC fatty acids increase resting heat rate. The rate of heat production of small isolated cardiac muscle preparations, an indicator of basal metabolism, was measured at high resolution with a microcalorimetric technique. Figure 3 shows a representative example of the effect of oleate (C18:1) on resti ...
Metabolism
Metabolism (from Greek: μεταβολή metabolē, ""change"") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of living organisms. These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. The word metabolism can also refer to all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transport of substances into and between different cells, in which case the set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary metabolism or intermediate metabolism.Metabolism is usually divided into two categories: catabolism, the breaking down of organic matter by way of cellular respiration, and anabolism, the building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids. Usually, breaking down releases energy and building up consumes energy.The chemical reactions of metabolism are organized into metabolic pathways, in which one chemical is transformed through a series of steps into another chemical, by a sequence of enzymes. Enzymes are crucial to metabolism because they allow organisms to drive desirable reactions that require energy that will not occur by themselves, by coupling them to spontaneous reactions that release energy. Enzymes act as catalysts that allow the reactions to proceed more rapidly. Enzymes also allow the regulation of metabolic pathways in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells.The metabolic system of a particular organism determines which substances it will find nutritious and which poisonous. For example, some prokaryotes use hydrogen sulfide as a nutrient, yet this gas is poisonous to animals. The speed of metabolism, the metabolic rate, influences how much food an organism will require, and also affects how it is able to obtain that food.A striking feature of metabolism is the similarity of the basic metabolic pathways and components between even vastly different species. For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. These striking similarities in metabolic pathways are likely due to their early appearance in evolutionary history, and their retention because of their efficacy.