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Pre-earthquake signals – Part II: Flow of battery currents in the crust
Pre-earthquake signals – Part II: Flow of battery currents in the crust

What is magnetism?
What is magnetism?

Nature template - PC Word 97
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High Energy Gamma Rays from Protons Hitting

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Lecture 11: tokamak / vertical stability / beta limit

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Supplement to Activity 9: A Soda Bottle Magnetometer

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... Magnets attract and repel other magnets Suppose you get home from school and open the __________________to get some milk. As you ____________the door, it swings freely until it suddenly seems to ____________ by itself. There is a ________________ inside the refrigerator door that ___________________ ...
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Lecture 3: Emission and absorption

< 1 ... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ... 48 >

Van Allen radiation belt



A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
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