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Magnetic Magic Teacher Guide
Magnetic Magic Teacher Guide

... Geologists analyzed lava laid down by eruptions of the same volcano many years apart. They found the orientation of the lava from each eruption to be different. They performed this experiment with many volcanoes and found the same to be true. There are two ways this could have happened—the continent ...
Kinetic Studies of Nonrelativistic Young Supernova Remnant
Kinetic Studies of Nonrelativistic Young Supernova Remnant

ASPERA-3: Analyser of Space Plasmas and
ASPERA-3: Analyser of Space Plasmas and

... simulated images for the energy range 0.1-1.65 keV is reproduced in Fig. 4. The projection is similar to that used for hydrogen ENA images but the polar axis in the vantage point points towards the centre of the planet. The image shows a strong ENA jet from the subsolar point, where the electric and ...
History of the 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson
History of the 2.7 K Temperature Prior to Penzias and Wilson

Coupling and Collapse
Coupling and Collapse

Inv 14
Inv 14

Inv 16
Inv 16

... objects made from different materials as you can (e.g., the other magnet, metals: aluminum, copper, and steel, cork, plastic, wood, rubber, paper, etc.). ...
55_1.pdf
55_1.pdf

Gary Glatzmaier, Los Alamos and Paul Roberts, UCLA
Gary Glatzmaier, Los Alamos and Paul Roberts, UCLA

... • While the gravitational field does not change significantly with time, the magnetic field is highly time dependent. ...
Simulations of Collisionless Perpendicular Shocks in Partially
Simulations of Collisionless Perpendicular Shocks in Partially

Relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure and amplitude
Relationship between solar wind dynamic pressure and amplitude

... 1994). A computer simulation by Li et  al. (1993) shows that a strong magnetopause compression occurred at 15 h LT and a produced hydromagnetic pulse propagated tail-ward accelerating magnetospheric particles to form the inner radiation belt which lasted nearly 1  year. The amplitude of the electric ...
Is it a comet? Is it an asteroid?
Is it a comet? Is it an asteroid?

Chapter 7 The compass
Chapter 7 The compass

bution of Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth E
bution of Solar Proton Events Affecting the Earth E

PDF sample - Northern Central Hospital
PDF sample - Northern Central Hospital

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

... Why does a sunspot appear dark? The presence of strong magnetic fields (up to 5000 G, about 25,000 times stronger than the Earth’s magnetic field) inhibits the convective-energy flow from below. A lower energy flux means lower temperatures (~4800 K or less), so the areas where these magnetic fields ...
Phase Transitions of the First Kind as Radiation
Phase Transitions of the First Kind as Radiation

The role of emerging bipoles in the formation of a sunspot penumbra
The role of emerging bipoles in the formation of a sunspot penumbra

Modelling the Inner Debris Disc of HR 8799
Modelling the Inner Debris Disc of HR 8799

chapter-23
chapter-23

... Which of the following correctly compares how far the galvanometer needle deflects during each of these situations? A. Most in d, least in a, same in-between value in b and c B. Most in d, less in c, still less in b, least in a C. Most in c, less in b, a and d tied for least D. Most in c, less in b, ...
The Magnetic Universe
The Magnetic Universe

... continually generates a stream of highenergy charged particles that flow out in all directions as part of the solar wind. Exposure to this particle stream can cause serious damage to living tissue; any humans who one day travel to Mars will need heavy shielding around their spacecraft to protect the ...
Magnetism - PearsonGreatPath
Magnetism - PearsonGreatPath

Solar and Stellar Active Regions
Solar and Stellar Active Regions

Acceleration and radiation of ultra
Acceleration and radiation of ultra

Sunspots - Academic Program Pages at Evergreen
Sunspots - Academic Program Pages at Evergreen

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Van Allen radiation belt



A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
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