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Two-stream instability in collisionless shocks and foreshock
Two-stream instability in collisionless shocks and foreshock

chapter5 - Homework Market
chapter5 - Homework Market

... from the sun and other stars are all produced by moving electrons. • As you know, an atom has a massive compact nucleus containing positively charged protons. • These are usually accompanied by electrically neutral neutrons. • The nucleus is embedded in a large cloud of relatively low-mass, negative ...
Propagation of cosmic rays in the solar wind
Propagation of cosmic rays in the solar wind

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Lab 6: The Earth`s Magnetic Field

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ppt - WordPress.com
ppt - WordPress.com

... • Motion or change is required to induce an EMF, but it is only relative motion that counts. ...
Cosmic Extremes
Cosmic Extremes

Permanent Magnets
Permanent Magnets

Permanent Magnet
Permanent Magnet

... region (inner circle) surrounded by a molten outer core (the area between the two circles). The currents flow in the outer core, and the lines of force shown in yellow, travel outwards through the rest of Earth's interior. If the earth rotated faster, it would have a stronger magnetic field. If it h ...
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Twisting and Writhing with George Ellery Hale

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Practical Class - Physics and Astronomy

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... in the magnetic topology of the field occurs-facilitated by the process of ‘magnetic reconnection’. A great deal of research has been focussed on understanding the reconnection ;process and we now appreciate that the 3D process is critically different from early 2D models. The magnetic field in many ...
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study of planetary magnetic fields

... Mercury: Earth and Mercury are the only planets in our system whose magnetic fields are generated by the movement of liquid metal at their cores. Mercury’s magnetic field is 100 times weaker than Earth’s. It’s billions of years old and recently discovered data suggests that it was at one point as st ...
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Skywave Excitement - Lake Area Radio Klub

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esa`s magnetic field mission
esa`s magnetic field mission

... SWARM Swarm is a constellation of three satellites to measure precisely the magnetic signals from Earth’s core, mantle, crust and oceans, as well as the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The resulting models will give insight into Earth’s interior. Along with measurements of atmospheric conditions aroun ...
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Magnetic field

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Van Allen radiation belt



A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
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