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The middle atmospheric circulation of a tidally locked Earth
The middle atmospheric circulation of a tidally locked Earth

STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCED SEGREGATION AND SELF
STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCED SEGREGATION AND SELF

Oxygen ion energization observed at high altitudes
Oxygen ion energization observed at high altitudes

Pickup ions near Mars associated with escaping oxygen atoms
Pickup ions near Mars associated with escaping oxygen atoms

INTRODUCTION TO GEOMAGNETISM
INTRODUCTION TO GEOMAGNETISM

Current Systems in Planetary Magnetospheres and Ionospheres
Current Systems in Planetary Magnetospheres and Ionospheres

The Earth`s Magnetic Field
The Earth`s Magnetic Field

SIMULATION OF QUIET-SUN WAVES IN THE Ca ii INFRARED TRIPLET
SIMULATION OF QUIET-SUN WAVES IN THE Ca ii INFRARED TRIPLET

The maximal runaway temperature of Earth-like planets
The maximal runaway temperature of Earth-like planets

NASA/TM—2005–213688 National Aeronautics and Space Administration AD33
NASA/TM—2005–213688 National Aeronautics and Space Administration AD33

Short-term episodicity of Archaean plate tectonics
Short-term episodicity of Archaean plate tectonics

... We do not know when the plate tectonics–style of convection started on Earth, with estimates ranging from nearly 4.5 Ga. down to 2 Ga (or even later according to some authors; Stern, 2005). Our work suggests a way to evolve a single-plate, stagnant lid style of tectonics into modern plate tectonics. ...
Short-term episodicity of Archaean plate tectonics
Short-term episodicity of Archaean plate tectonics

... We do not know when the plate tectonics–style of convection started on Earth, with estimates ranging from nearly 4.5 Ga. down to 2 Ga (or even later according to some authors; Stern, 2005). Our work suggests a way to evolve a single-plate, stagnant lid style of tectonics into modern plate tectonics. ...
Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a
Plasma waves above the ion cyclotron frequency in the solar wind: a

The  on­ quilibrium  ISIS
The  on­ quilibrium  ISIS

Torsion stiffness of a protein pair determined by magnetic
Torsion stiffness of a protein pair determined by magnetic

Magnets and Electromagnets 8.1
Magnets and Electromagnets 8.1

Antipodal seismic observations of temporal and global variation
Antipodal seismic observations of temporal and global variation

3D Visualization and Visual Data Mining
3D Visualization and Visual Data Mining

... mining. The researcher selects the data to be analyzed, and then preprocesses, transforms or otherwise manipulates that data as needed. Then the researcher performs data mining on the data to evaluate the results. This sequence of processes is repeated based on the evaluation results to ultimately e ...
SOTERIA_WP2_ROB_20090324
SOTERIA_WP2_ROB_20090324

... Synoptic (W-L, CaII K): cadence, image quality measure  Flares & Moreton waves (Hα, CaII K + W-L?): cadence, (semi)automatic detection tools, event flags in header?  Graphics format for real-time diffusion: file type, disk size, ...
Static Airgap Magnetic Field of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Disk
Static Airgap Magnetic Field of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Disk

... average radius, inner diameter and outer diameter from the slice as shown in Figure 3. Besides, the axial airgap flux density distribution curve along the radial direction can be got by taking a straight line in the center of the pole (electrical angle is 90°). It’s shown in Figure 5. Comparison ana ...
polish magnetic measurements in the baltic — history and prospects
polish magnetic measurements in the baltic — history and prospects

Magnetic-Island Contraction and Particle Acceleration in Simulated
Magnetic-Island Contraction and Particle Acceleration in Simulated

magnet - UniMAP Portal
magnet - UniMAP Portal

Probing the Earth`s interior with a large
Probing the Earth`s interior with a large

Evolution of filamentary molecular clouds in the presence of
Evolution of filamentary molecular clouds in the presence of

... The observed magnetic fields show various configurations with respect to the filament axes (Poidevin et al. 2011). In some clouds, like Taurus (Moneti et al. 1984) and Lupus 1 (Strom et al. 1988), the magnetic field is roughly perpendicular to the filament axes. In other clouds, like Ophiuchus (Vrba ...
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Van Allen radiation belt



A radiation belt is a layer of energetic charged particles that is held in place around a magnetized planet, such as the Earth, by the planet's magnetic field. The Earth has two such belts and sometimes others may be temporarily created. The discovery of the belts is credited to James Van Allen and as a result the Earth's belts bear his name. The main belts extend from an altitude of about 1,000 to 60,000 kilometers above the surface in which region radiation levels vary. Most of the particles that form the belts are thought to come from solar wind and other particles by cosmic rays. The belts are located in the inner region of the Earth's magnetosphere. The belts contain energetic electrons that form the outer belt and a combination of protons and electrons that form the inner belt. The radiation belts additionally contain less amounts of other nuclei, such as alpha particles. The belts endanger satellites, which must protect their sensitive components with adequate shielding if their orbit spends significant time in the radiation belts. In 2013, NASA reported that the Van Allen Probes had discovered a transient, third radiation belt, which was observed for four weeks until destroyed by a powerful, interplanetary shock wave from the Sun.
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