Balancing reaction equations, oxidation state, and reduction
... Determining Oxidation Number of Elements & Molecules 1. In uncombined or free elements (not ionized), each atom has an oxidation number of 0. E.g., all of the atoms in these molecules: H2, Na, S8, O2, P4. 2. In simple ions (i.e., charged species which contain only one atom), the oxidation number is ...
... Determining Oxidation Number of Elements & Molecules 1. In uncombined or free elements (not ionized), each atom has an oxidation number of 0. E.g., all of the atoms in these molecules: H2, Na, S8, O2, P4. 2. In simple ions (i.e., charged species which contain only one atom), the oxidation number is ...
Equilibrium Constant - Faculty Server Contact
... it", just think of it as a partial pressure: it is a strong function of the mole fraction of the component in the gas phase, and of the total pressure of the gas phase, just like a partial pressure; more precisely, remembering that chemical potential is a quantitative measure of the reactivity of a ...
... it", just think of it as a partial pressure: it is a strong function of the mole fraction of the component in the gas phase, and of the total pressure of the gas phase, just like a partial pressure; more precisely, remembering that chemical potential is a quantitative measure of the reactivity of a ...
Document
... Complete ionic equation: all strong electrolytes are written as separate ions with their own coefficients and phase labels. (Pure solids, liquids, gases, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes written as molecules.) ...
... Complete ionic equation: all strong electrolytes are written as separate ions with their own coefficients and phase labels. (Pure solids, liquids, gases, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes written as molecules.) ...
Unit 8 Powerpoint
... 4. Balance the elements one at a time by using coefficients. Begin by balancing elements that appear only once on each side of the equation. Unwritten coefficients are assumed to be 1 Once you are certain you have the correct chemical ...
... 4. Balance the elements one at a time by using coefficients. Begin by balancing elements that appear only once on each side of the equation. Unwritten coefficients are assumed to be 1 Once you are certain you have the correct chemical ...
Ch. 10 – Stoichiometry Stoichiometry – relates molar ratios between
... These molar ratios are used to 'convert' between any two compounds, whether they are reactants or products. This allows us to calculate moles of reactants needed, or products produced. ...
... These molar ratios are used to 'convert' between any two compounds, whether they are reactants or products. This allows us to calculate moles of reactants needed, or products produced. ...
Unit #7 Take Home Test
... 35. A hydrated compound contains water molecular within its crystal structure. The percent composition by mass of water in the hydrated compound CaSO4•2H2O has an accepted value of 20.9%. A student did an experiment and determined that the percent composition by water in CaSO4•2H2O was 21.4%. Calcul ...
... 35. A hydrated compound contains water molecular within its crystal structure. The percent composition by mass of water in the hydrated compound CaSO4•2H2O has an accepted value of 20.9%. A student did an experiment and determined that the percent composition by water in CaSO4•2H2O was 21.4%. Calcul ...
Surface chemistry and Catalysis
... with decrease in temperature. Infact it is found to be so in case of physical adsorption because vanderwaal’s forces are strong at low temperatures. However, the chemisorption first increases with rise in temperature and then starts decreasing. The initial increase shows that like chemical reactions ...
... with decrease in temperature. Infact it is found to be so in case of physical adsorption because vanderwaal’s forces are strong at low temperatures. However, the chemisorption first increases with rise in temperature and then starts decreasing. The initial increase shows that like chemical reactions ...
PowerPoint material for lecture 1 (September 4, 2012)
... • Major benefit is to reach percolation threshold at low volumes (< 1%) when mixing nanoparticles in a host matrix • Functionalities can be added when we control the orientation of the nanoscale reinforcement. ...
... • Major benefit is to reach percolation threshold at low volumes (< 1%) when mixing nanoparticles in a host matrix • Functionalities can be added when we control the orientation of the nanoscale reinforcement. ...
2 (aq)
... Designates a reactant or product in the liquid state: placed after the formula Designates a reactant or product in the gaseous state; placed after the formula Designates an aqueous solution; the substance is dissolved in water; placed after the formula Indicates that heat is supplied to the reaction ...
... Designates a reactant or product in the liquid state: placed after the formula Designates a reactant or product in the gaseous state; placed after the formula Designates an aqueous solution; the substance is dissolved in water; placed after the formula Indicates that heat is supplied to the reaction ...
Chemical Reactions Notes-1a-1
... Instead, each ion is surrounded by a shell of water molecules. This tends to stabilize the ions in solution and prevent cations and anions from recombining. The positive ions have the surrounding oxygen atoms of water pointing towards the ion, negative ions have the surrounding hydrogen atoms of wat ...
... Instead, each ion is surrounded by a shell of water molecules. This tends to stabilize the ions in solution and prevent cations and anions from recombining. The positive ions have the surrounding oxygen atoms of water pointing towards the ion, negative ions have the surrounding hydrogen atoms of wat ...
Chemical Equilbrium
... assumption, many times you will end up with a quadratic equation for an equilibrium constant expression. You can end up with a 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc. order polynomial, but I will not hold you responsible for being able to solve those as there is no simple formula for the solution. ...
... assumption, many times you will end up with a quadratic equation for an equilibrium constant expression. You can end up with a 3rd, 4th, 5th, etc. order polynomial, but I will not hold you responsible for being able to solve those as there is no simple formula for the solution. ...
AP Reactions - Georgetown ISD
... (Trick #2) When CuSO4(aq) is electrolyzed, you know that Cu° metal is going to form because copper's potential is higher than water. So, positive side will attract SO42- ions. Nevertheless, SO42- can't further oxidize (full of oxygen and no more unshared pair of electrons possible for further oxidat ...
... (Trick #2) When CuSO4(aq) is electrolyzed, you know that Cu° metal is going to form because copper's potential is higher than water. So, positive side will attract SO42- ions. Nevertheless, SO42- can't further oxidize (full of oxygen and no more unshared pair of electrons possible for further oxidat ...
solving equilibrium problems with the ti-92
... the correct answer. Remember the computer maxim, Garbage in, garbage out! The key to correctly solving equilibrium problems is in setting up the ICE table, or reaction stoichiometry matrix. This will be covered in detail by your instructor, and the textbook; here, we are only interested in solving t ...
... the correct answer. Remember the computer maxim, Garbage in, garbage out! The key to correctly solving equilibrium problems is in setting up the ICE table, or reaction stoichiometry matrix. This will be covered in detail by your instructor, and the textbook; here, we are only interested in solving t ...
Types of Prints and Visualizing Prints
... with the oils in the print to make it visible. Once the process is stopped, the print will begin to fade. It must be photographed or sprayed with a 1% solution of starch in water, which will turn the print blue and make it last for several weeks to several months. ...
... with the oils in the print to make it visible. Once the process is stopped, the print will begin to fade. It must be photographed or sprayed with a 1% solution of starch in water, which will turn the print blue and make it last for several weeks to several months. ...
barriers pores pumps and gates gapped notes
... electrical potential gradient • The NERNST potential is the voltage which precisely balances the chemical potential gradient ...
... electrical potential gradient • The NERNST potential is the voltage which precisely balances the chemical potential gradient ...
Lecture 32. Titan and its Atmosphere.
... So fewer number of organic compounds are produced. At -179˚C a chemical reaction will be 1042 times slower than at room temperature! ...
... So fewer number of organic compounds are produced. At -179˚C a chemical reaction will be 1042 times slower than at room temperature! ...
9. Balancing Equations
... Which says: Matter cannot be created or destroyed; therefore, You must have the same number of atoms on each side of a chemical equation to show conservation of mass. ie. Reactants = Products ...
... Which says: Matter cannot be created or destroyed; therefore, You must have the same number of atoms on each side of a chemical equation to show conservation of mass. ie. Reactants = Products ...
Basic Chemistry – Terminology and Reactions
... If we count how many atoms of each type are on each side of the equation you will see they are not the same. Reactants side Products side 1C 1C 4H 2H 2O 3O In order to balance an equation we have to follow these steps. Step 1: Start by finding out how many atoms of each type are on each side of the ...
... If we count how many atoms of each type are on each side of the equation you will see they are not the same. Reactants side Products side 1C 1C 4H 2H 2O 3O In order to balance an equation we have to follow these steps. Step 1: Start by finding out how many atoms of each type are on each side of the ...
Document
... (called spectator ions) Ag1+ + Cl1- AgCl (s) This is the net ionic equation Let’s talk about precipitates before we do some other examples ...
... (called spectator ions) Ag1+ + Cl1- AgCl (s) This is the net ionic equation Let’s talk about precipitates before we do some other examples ...
Dissociation
... As we have seen previously, substances which can conduct an electrical current in solution (because they dissociate to yield mobile ions) are known as electrolytes Any compound which exists mostly as dissociated ions in solution, rather than just as dissolved (but undissociated) molecules, is referr ...
... As we have seen previously, substances which can conduct an electrical current in solution (because they dissociate to yield mobile ions) are known as electrolytes Any compound which exists mostly as dissociated ions in solution, rather than just as dissolved (but undissociated) molecules, is referr ...
3(aq)
... hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution = acids • Other ionic compounds will dissolve in water, separating cations & anions 1. Example: NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) ...
... hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution = acids • Other ionic compounds will dissolve in water, separating cations & anions 1. Example: NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) ...
Chemical Reactions
... – atoms are neither created nor destroyed (they only change bonding partners) – same atoms are present in reactants as in products ...
... – atoms are neither created nor destroyed (they only change bonding partners) – same atoms are present in reactants as in products ...
Chemical Equations
... Balance the C, H and O atoms in that order. If, in the end, there is an odd number of O atoms on the right, you may need to double the hydrocarbon by simply placing a 2 coefficient in front of the CnHm compound. ...
... Balance the C, H and O atoms in that order. If, in the end, there is an odd number of O atoms on the right, you may need to double the hydrocarbon by simply placing a 2 coefficient in front of the CnHm compound. ...
Double layer forces
Double layer forces occur between charged objects across liquids, typically water. This force acts over distances that are comparable to the Debye length, which is on the order of one to a few tenths of nanometers. The strength of these forces increases with the magnitude of the surface charge density (or the electrical surface potential). For two similarly charged objects, this force is repulsive and decays exponentially at larger distances, see figure. For unequally charged objects and eventually at shorted distances, these forces may also be attractive. The theory due to Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) combines such double layer forces together with Van der Waals forces in order to estimate the actual interaction potential between colloidal particles.An electrical double layer develops near charged surfaces (or another charged objects) in aqueous solutions. Within this double layer, the first layer corresponds to the charged surface. These charges may originate from tightly adsorbed ions, dissociated surface groups, or substituted ions within the crystal lattice. The second layer corresponds to the diffuse layer, which contains the neutralizing charge consisting of accumulated counterions and depleted coions. The resulting potential profile between these two objects leads to differences in the ionic concentrations within the gap between these objects with respect to the bulk solution. These differences generate an osmotic pressure, which generates a force between these objects.These forces are easily experienced when hands are washed with soap. Adsorbing soap molecules make the skin negatively charged, and the slippery feeling is caused by the strongly repulsive double layer forces. These forces are further relevant in many colloidal or biological systems, and may be responsible for their stability, formation of colloidal crystals, or their rheological properties.