Full Paper - Calcutta Research Group
... Collector for the first time. Dammalapati garu, who took me to the collector’s office is an important person in the Guntur political circles and a prominent man at the Sri Venkateswarswami temple1 in Guntur. He was visiting the Collector at his camp office with two of his friends to seek permission ...
... Collector for the first time. Dammalapati garu, who took me to the collector’s office is an important person in the Guntur political circles and a prominent man at the Sri Venkateswarswami temple1 in Guntur. He was visiting the Collector at his camp office with two of his friends to seek permission ...
Effects of nitric oxide on red blood cell deformability
... for subsequent studies. DMSO at a final concentration identical to that employed as the solvent for ODQ did not significantly affect RBC deformability. The decrease of RBC deformability due to 10⫺5 M ODQ was reversed, in a dose-dependent manner, by the NO donors SNP and DETA-NONOate (Fig. 6), with S ...
... for subsequent studies. DMSO at a final concentration identical to that employed as the solvent for ODQ did not significantly affect RBC deformability. The decrease of RBC deformability due to 10⫺5 M ODQ was reversed, in a dose-dependent manner, by the NO donors SNP and DETA-NONOate (Fig. 6), with S ...
A three-stage model of Golgi structure and function
... essential to prevent two reactions from competing. For example, mammalian lysosomal hydrolases are modified with a mannose 6-phosphate sorting tag, and this modification must occur before the lysosomal hydrolases encounter Golgi-localized mannosidases (Goldberg and Kornfeld 1983). In plant cells, se ...
... essential to prevent two reactions from competing. For example, mammalian lysosomal hydrolases are modified with a mannose 6-phosphate sorting tag, and this modification must occur before the lysosomal hydrolases encounter Golgi-localized mannosidases (Goldberg and Kornfeld 1983). In plant cells, se ...
Stat3/Cdc25a-dependent cell proliferation promotes embryonic axis
... Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], and displayed normal morphology and notochord formation until 15 dpf (Fig 2A and 2D). During later larval stages, stat3stl28/stl28 ( ...
... Surprisingly, neither zygotic stat3stl27/stl27 nor stat3stl28/stl28 mutant embryos showed overt gastrulation defects described in the previous morpholino studies [12], and displayed normal morphology and notochord formation until 15 dpf (Fig 2A and 2D). During later larval stages, stat3stl28/stl28 ( ...
The Golgi Apparatus
... 1. Labeling of lysosomal enzymes, in cis area 2. Transport from cis-face toward trans-face, and maturation 3. Sorting and budding, in trans area, as primary lysosomes 4. Fusion with late endosomes or already existing secondary lysosome ...
... 1. Labeling of lysosomal enzymes, in cis area 2. Transport from cis-face toward trans-face, and maturation 3. Sorting and budding, in trans area, as primary lysosomes 4. Fusion with late endosomes or already existing secondary lysosome ...
Localization of Ptr ToxA Produced by Pyrenophora tritici
... indicates that after PK treatment, intact ToxA is still present in total lysates of sensitive leaves but nearly undetectable in insensitive leaves (Figure 1B). This indicates that ToxA is protected from the extracellular protease only in sensitive leaves. The size of His-ToxA detected on the protein ...
... indicates that after PK treatment, intact ToxA is still present in total lysates of sensitive leaves but nearly undetectable in insensitive leaves (Figure 1B). This indicates that ToxA is protected from the extracellular protease only in sensitive leaves. The size of His-ToxA detected on the protein ...
Sirtuins at a Glance - Journal of Cell Science
... metabolic diseases SIRT1 regulates various metabolic processes that allow the cell to adapt to nutrient stress and has a pivotal role in aging-related metabolic diseases. In response to fasting, SIRT1 modulates gluconeogenesis in the liver through deacetylation of important factors, such as ...
... metabolic diseases SIRT1 regulates various metabolic processes that allow the cell to adapt to nutrient stress and has a pivotal role in aging-related metabolic diseases. In response to fasting, SIRT1 modulates gluconeogenesis in the liver through deacetylation of important factors, such as ...
Physical interaction between pRb and cdk9/cyclinT2 complex
... (Wei et al., 1998). Human cycT1 stimulates Tat activation, while cycT2a and T2b fail to form a complex with Tat bound to the transactivation response RNA element (TAR) (Kwak et al., 1999; Wimmer et al., 1999). These data indicate functional dierences between cycT1 and cycT2, even if cycT2 function ...
... (Wei et al., 1998). Human cycT1 stimulates Tat activation, while cycT2a and T2b fail to form a complex with Tat bound to the transactivation response RNA element (TAR) (Kwak et al., 1999; Wimmer et al., 1999). These data indicate functional dierences between cycT1 and cycT2, even if cycT2 function ...
Arabidopsis Kinetochore Fiber-Associated MAP65-4
... the midzone of the spindle during anaphase and with phragmoplast MTs using immunostaining methods (Smertenko et al., 2008). Immunostaining methods have localized MAP65-6 to mitochondria (Mao et al., 2005) or to the anaphase spindle (Smertenko et al., 2008). On the basis of these different studies, i ...
... the midzone of the spindle during anaphase and with phragmoplast MTs using immunostaining methods (Smertenko et al., 2008). Immunostaining methods have localized MAP65-6 to mitochondria (Mao et al., 2005) or to the anaphase spindle (Smertenko et al., 2008). On the basis of these different studies, i ...
Formation and excretion of autophagic plastids (plastolysomes) in
... The change in developmental fate of microspores reprogrammed toward embryogenesis is a complex but fascinating experimental system where microspores undergo dramatic changes derived from the developmental switch. After 40 years of study of the ultrastructural changes undergone by the induced microsp ...
... The change in developmental fate of microspores reprogrammed toward embryogenesis is a complex but fascinating experimental system where microspores undergo dramatic changes derived from the developmental switch. After 40 years of study of the ultrastructural changes undergone by the induced microsp ...
p23 and organization of the Golgi apparatus
... Key words: Membrane domain, Biosynthetic pathway, p24 protein family, Morphogenesis, Protein sorting ...
... Key words: Membrane domain, Biosynthetic pathway, p24 protein family, Morphogenesis, Protein sorting ...
Pollen cytoskeleton during germination and tube growth
... Secretion is defined as the discharge of new material outside the cell through the activity of specific membranebound vesicles, which are usually generated by the Golgi bodies. During secretion, the membrane of secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and the content of vesicles is released ...
... Secretion is defined as the discharge of new material outside the cell through the activity of specific membranebound vesicles, which are usually generated by the Golgi bodies. During secretion, the membrane of secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane and the content of vesicles is released ...
The AP-3 adaptor complex is required for vacuolar function
... required for sorting and concentration of cargos into the coated pits, as well as for the recruitment of clathrin to the membranes. The AP-2 complex mediates the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles for endocytosis from the plasma membrane (PM) to trans-Golgi network/early endosomes (TGN/EEs), whil ...
... required for sorting and concentration of cargos into the coated pits, as well as for the recruitment of clathrin to the membranes. The AP-2 complex mediates the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles for endocytosis from the plasma membrane (PM) to trans-Golgi network/early endosomes (TGN/EEs), whil ...
Cardosin A Molecular Determinants and Biosynthetic Pathways
... of the native plant cardoon. Cardosin A has been first isolated almost two decades ago and has been extensively characterized since, both in terms of distribution within the tissues and of enzyme biochemistry. In the native system, several roles have been addressed to cardosin A in reproduction, mob ...
... of the native plant cardoon. Cardosin A has been first isolated almost two decades ago and has been extensively characterized since, both in terms of distribution within the tissues and of enzyme biochemistry. In the native system, several roles have been addressed to cardosin A in reproduction, mob ...
Central Role of Voltage Gated Calcium Channels and
... neurons. Calcium influx through these channels is directly involved in secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones, and plays a pivotal role in development of motor coordination and sensory processing. Furthermore, calcium signalling is the molecular mechanism of integration of neural circuits in th ...
... neurons. Calcium influx through these channels is directly involved in secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones, and plays a pivotal role in development of motor coordination and sensory processing. Furthermore, calcium signalling is the molecular mechanism of integration of neural circuits in th ...
Keystone Standards
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
... BIO.A.2. 1. Describe how the unique properties of water support life on Earth. BIO.A.2. 1.1. Describe the unique properties of water and how these properties support life on Earth (e.g., freezing point, high specific heat, cohesion). BIO.A.2. 2. Describe and interpret relationships between structure ...
Cell adhesion and cell mechanics during zebrafish
... and build complex structures such as eyes, heart or brain (see Fig. 1.1). But how can cells that originate from a single ancestor control all these processes? Surely, an important aspect are differences in gene expression among the emergent cell types [2]. At the end, however, it is not sufficient t ...
... and build complex structures such as eyes, heart or brain (see Fig. 1.1). But how can cells that originate from a single ancestor control all these processes? Surely, an important aspect are differences in gene expression among the emergent cell types [2]. At the end, however, it is not sufficient t ...
Chapter 4 - Neurasync
... threaded into the lysosomal lumen, in an ATP-dependent fashion. This process is assisted by a resident lysosomal chaperone, lys Hsc70. The substrate is then finally degraded into amino acids. For this process to work optimally, lysosomal membrane levels and conformation of Lamp2a are critical. The m ...
... threaded into the lysosomal lumen, in an ATP-dependent fashion. This process is assisted by a resident lysosomal chaperone, lys Hsc70. The substrate is then finally degraded into amino acids. For this process to work optimally, lysosomal membrane levels and conformation of Lamp2a are critical. The m ...
Relationship of Net Chloride Flow across the Human Erythrocyte
... process almost certainly does not involve diffusion of an actual carrier across the membrane, but rather a conformational change in the band 3 protein, such that the transport site changes from inside-facing to outside-facing or vice versa (Gunn, 1978 ; Knauf, 1979), a process which is kinetically e ...
... process almost certainly does not involve diffusion of an actual carrier across the membrane, but rather a conformational change in the band 3 protein, such that the transport site changes from inside-facing to outside-facing or vice versa (Gunn, 1978 ; Knauf, 1979), a process which is kinetically e ...
A B23-interacting sequence as a tool to visualize protein interactions
... and in foci called prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) at the exit from mitosis. It is a multifunctional protein that has nucleic acid binding, ribonuclease and molecular chaperone activities. By mapping the functional domains of B23, it was found that the N-terminal domain of B23 is necessary and sufficient ...
... and in foci called prenucleolar bodies (PNBs) at the exit from mitosis. It is a multifunctional protein that has nucleic acid binding, ribonuclease and molecular chaperone activities. By mapping the functional domains of B23, it was found that the N-terminal domain of B23 is necessary and sufficient ...
A role for actin in regulating apoptosis/programmed cell death
... reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be released from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. Cytochr ...
... reception of an apoptotic stimulus leads to an increase in the permeability of the mitochondrial outer membrane, allowing proapoptotic molecules such as cytochrome c, AIF1 (apoptosisinducing factor 1) and Endo G (endonuclease G) to be released from the intermembrane space into the cytoplasm. Cytochr ...
Auxin and other signals on the move in plants
... such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium, are taken up from the soil as inorganic materials, assimilated into organic compounds and transported through the plant depending on the balance between nutrient availability and the concentrations of the assimilated forms. The ...
... such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and potassium, are taken up from the soil as inorganic materials, assimilated into organic compounds and transported through the plant depending on the balance between nutrient availability and the concentrations of the assimilated forms. The ...
A Cellular Hypothesis for the Induction of Blossom
... Background The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) is generally associated with a calcium (Ca) deficiency in the distal portion of tomato fruits. The visible symptom is a necrotic lesion, which is presumed to be a consequence of cell death and the subsequent leakage of solutes into the extracellula ...
... Background The incidence of blossom-end rot (BER) is generally associated with a calcium (Ca) deficiency in the distal portion of tomato fruits. The visible symptom is a necrotic lesion, which is presumed to be a consequence of cell death and the subsequent leakage of solutes into the extracellula ...
Ca2+ signalling and control of guard-cell volume in stomatal
... in the past four years, have yielded some of the most exciting new findings in plant cell signalling. Stomatal movements are achieved through changes in guard-cell volume, which, in turn, are driven by the accumulation (during opening) and loss (during closing) of osmotically active solutes (i.e. KC ...
... in the past four years, have yielded some of the most exciting new findings in plant cell signalling. Stomatal movements are achieved through changes in guard-cell volume, which, in turn, are driven by the accumulation (during opening) and loss (during closing) of osmotically active solutes (i.e. KC ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.