TEF30 interacts with photosystem II monomers and is involved in the
... while stromal CGE1 was only found in the soluble fraction. Cell lysis by sonication had ...
... while stromal CGE1 was only found in the soluble fraction. Cell lysis by sonication had ...
Oxidative-stress-induced nuclear to cytoplasmic relocalization is
... concentrated transcription-coupled translation extract lacking Not4p. In this control, a modest amount of mono-, di- and triubiquitylated cyclin C was observed as well as some larger species at the stacker-gel–resolving-gel interface. These signals suggest that some residual activity exists in the i ...
... concentrated transcription-coupled translation extract lacking Not4p. In this control, a modest amount of mono-, di- and triubiquitylated cyclin C was observed as well as some larger species at the stacker-gel–resolving-gel interface. These signals suggest that some residual activity exists in the i ...
YEAST INFORMATION SHEET
... containing sugar, including wild yeasts and lactic acid bacteria that are found associated with cultivated grains and fruits. Leaven was a soft dough-like medium and a small portion of this dough was used to start or leaven each new bread dough. Over time this helped to select for improved yeasts as ...
... containing sugar, including wild yeasts and lactic acid bacteria that are found associated with cultivated grains and fruits. Leaven was a soft dough-like medium and a small portion of this dough was used to start or leaven each new bread dough. Over time this helped to select for improved yeasts as ...
Focusing on unpolymerized actin.
... The effect of changes in the critical concentration on the amount of polymerized actin can be greatly amplified by monomer-binding proteins that create a reservoir of actin. Were there no pool of actin bound to monomer-binding proteins, the actin polymerization induced by uncapping all the barbed en ...
... The effect of changes in the critical concentration on the amount of polymerized actin can be greatly amplified by monomer-binding proteins that create a reservoir of actin. Were there no pool of actin bound to monomer-binding proteins, the actin polymerization induced by uncapping all the barbed en ...
From filaments to function: The role of the plant actin cytoskeleton in
... profilin also possesses many of the fundamental properties that that would allow for its direct and/or indirect interaction with the plasma membrane (Sun et al. 2013). For example, in addition to binding actin, profilins also interacts with most formins, via a conserved formin homology-1 domain € m 20 ...
... profilin also possesses many of the fundamental properties that that would allow for its direct and/or indirect interaction with the plasma membrane (Sun et al. 2013). For example, in addition to binding actin, profilins also interacts with most formins, via a conserved formin homology-1 domain € m 20 ...
... frequently were found associated with the three-way junctions of ER tubules, where they often remained stable for tens of seconds. Occasionally, individual stacks appeared to break free from the cortical ER network and traverse the cytoplasm before rejoining the network (Figure 2A, arrows). These Go ...
Deep Insight Section Mechanisms and regulation of autophagy in mammalian cells
... According to this scenario, the mitochondria-ER contact site provides the growing phagophore with lipids. The plasma membrane, through Atg16L1 decorated vesicles derived from coated pits, is also a source of membrane for the phagophore (Ravikumar et al., 2010a). Finally, Golgi apparatus and post-Gol ...
... According to this scenario, the mitochondria-ER contact site provides the growing phagophore with lipids. The plasma membrane, through Atg16L1 decorated vesicles derived from coated pits, is also a source of membrane for the phagophore (Ravikumar et al., 2010a). Finally, Golgi apparatus and post-Gol ...
Inhibitory Regulation of Higher-Plant Myosin by
... axillitormis causes a reversible inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming (Kikuyama and Tazawa, 1982). The membranepermeabilized cell model prepared from characean cells provides direct evidence that cytoplasmic streaming is reversibly inhibited by an elevation of Ca21 to 1026 m (Tominaga et al., 1983). ...
... axillitormis causes a reversible inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming (Kikuyama and Tazawa, 1982). The membranepermeabilized cell model prepared from characean cells provides direct evidence that cytoplasmic streaming is reversibly inhibited by an elevation of Ca21 to 1026 m (Tominaga et al., 1983). ...
Polyphosphates of the Yeast Cell Vacuole
... of acid labile, 7min. P. This labile phosphorus was shown to represent inorganic polyphosphate by precipitation with Ba2+at pH 4.5 according to Wiame (1949). It is known that the acid-soluble fraction of whole yeast cells contains 30-40 % of the cell phosphorus (Juni, Kamen, Reiner & Spiegelman, I 9 ...
... of acid labile, 7min. P. This labile phosphorus was shown to represent inorganic polyphosphate by precipitation with Ba2+at pH 4.5 according to Wiame (1949). It is known that the acid-soluble fraction of whole yeast cells contains 30-40 % of the cell phosphorus (Juni, Kamen, Reiner & Spiegelman, I 9 ...
pdf file - John Innes Centre
... amtB suggests that this regulatory mechanism may occur throughout prokaryotes. ...
... amtB suggests that this regulatory mechanism may occur throughout prokaryotes. ...
special paper calcium function and distribution during fertilization in
... by reversible ionic binding, effectively controlling the free calcium concentration. The effective Ksp of the binding molecule, which is often a protein, may be dramatically altered in binding and functionality by changes in molecular or ionization state, including those induced by pH and other envi ...
... by reversible ionic binding, effectively controlling the free calcium concentration. The effective Ksp of the binding molecule, which is often a protein, may be dramatically altered in binding and functionality by changes in molecular or ionization state, including those induced by pH and other envi ...
presence of allhnase in isolated vacuoles and of alkyl
... 12 × 107 protoplasts produced 3.4 mg pyruvate from exogenous methyl cysteine sulphoxide; alliinase from the same number of vacuoles would have produced 2.9 mg pyruvate from exogenous substrate. Specific activity of the alliinase in the protoplasts and vacuoles was similar. The soluble cytoplasmic fr ...
... 12 × 107 protoplasts produced 3.4 mg pyruvate from exogenous methyl cysteine sulphoxide; alliinase from the same number of vacuoles would have produced 2.9 mg pyruvate from exogenous substrate. Specific activity of the alliinase in the protoplasts and vacuoles was similar. The soluble cytoplasmic fr ...
Achilles` heel of Grapevine Downy Mildew
... dynamically restructured during the contraction cycles. Besides the contractile vacuole, the actin cytoskeleton is an important structural element for the stability of the zoospores and could even be responsible for the contractions of the contractile vacuole. It is formed out of star-like radiatin ...
... dynamically restructured during the contraction cycles. Besides the contractile vacuole, the actin cytoskeleton is an important structural element for the stability of the zoospores and could even be responsible for the contractions of the contractile vacuole. It is formed out of star-like radiatin ...
Localization of retinitis pigmentosa 2 to cilia is regulated by Importin 2
... compartmentalization provides a mechanism that allows for exquisite regulation of cilia-mediated signaling (Pazour and Bloodgood, 2008). How the cilia regulate import and export of proteins is still unclear, but it might involve an electron-dense area at the base of the cilia, which is known as the ...
... compartmentalization provides a mechanism that allows for exquisite regulation of cilia-mediated signaling (Pazour and Bloodgood, 2008). How the cilia regulate import and export of proteins is still unclear, but it might involve an electron-dense area at the base of the cilia, which is known as the ...
Effects of macromolecular crowding on protein folding and
... that association constants of interacting macromolecules in living cells are greatly increased by macromolecular crowding relative to their values in dilute solutions. We demonstrate that whereas refolding of oxidized lysozyme is hardly affected by crowding, correct refolding of the reduced protein ...
... that association constants of interacting macromolecules in living cells are greatly increased by macromolecular crowding relative to their values in dilute solutions. We demonstrate that whereas refolding of oxidized lysozyme is hardly affected by crowding, correct refolding of the reduced protein ...
Golgins and GTPases, giving identity and structure to the Golgi
... This doesn’t mean that they are unimportant. Rather, it probably indicates that the Golgi is structurally adapted in different species to meet the specific needs of different cell types. For example, the recent finding that GM130 is not required for mammalian cell viability at 34.5 8C, but is essent ...
... This doesn’t mean that they are unimportant. Rather, it probably indicates that the Golgi is structurally adapted in different species to meet the specific needs of different cell types. For example, the recent finding that GM130 is not required for mammalian cell viability at 34.5 8C, but is essent ...
Study of the Biogenesis of the Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells （植物
... (Uemura et al., 2004; Latijnhouwers et al., 2007; Sztul and Lupashin, 2009). ...
... (Uemura et al., 2004; Latijnhouwers et al., 2007; Sztul and Lupashin, 2009). ...
Euglena gracilis ascorbate peroxidase forms an intramolecular
... to a multigenic family, as there are nine genes in Arabidopsis, eight in rice and seven in tomato [5–7]. The APX isoenzymes are further classified into three subfamilies according to subcellular localization: those in the cytosol, microbodies, stroma and thylakoid-membranes of chloroplasts. Thus pla ...
... to a multigenic family, as there are nine genes in Arabidopsis, eight in rice and seven in tomato [5–7]. The APX isoenzymes are further classified into three subfamilies according to subcellular localization: those in the cytosol, microbodies, stroma and thylakoid-membranes of chloroplasts. Thus pla ...
Specific Organization of Golgi Apparatus in Plant Cells
... during all stages of the life cycle and by absence of centrosome and other discrete microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) [8]. The microtubules are assembled with involvement of γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TURC), which are fastened to the lateral surface of preexistent microtubules [9-11]. As in man ...
... during all stages of the life cycle and by absence of centrosome and other discrete microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) [8]. The microtubules are assembled with involvement of γ-tubulin ring complexes (γ-TURC), which are fastened to the lateral surface of preexistent microtubules [9-11]. As in man ...
Capping protein: new insights into mechanism
... changes on binding to the end of the actin filament. Such a structural rearrangement might allow the highly conserved hydrophobic residues in this region, which are apparently occluded from the solution in free CP, to make direct contact with the barbed end. In addition, it should be noted that many ...
... changes on binding to the end of the actin filament. Such a structural rearrangement might allow the highly conserved hydrophobic residues in this region, which are apparently occluded from the solution in free CP, to make direct contact with the barbed end. In addition, it should be noted that many ...
Autophagy and pancreatitis
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
... the rates of formation and degradative activity of autolysosomes, the latter being controlled by the levels and proteolytic activities of lysosomal hydrolases, the LAMPs, intralysosomal pH, and other factors. Because the properties and functions of autophagosomes and autolysosomes are so different, ...
Factors Involved in Fruit Calcium Deficiency Disorders
... have been broken by the growing secondary roots, respectively (White 2001; Taylor and Locascio 2004; Karley and White 2009). Root Ca2þ uptake is dependent not only on Ca2þ availability in the soil, but also Ca2þ interaction with other nutrients during its movement from the soil into the plant. Altho ...
... have been broken by the growing secondary roots, respectively (White 2001; Taylor and Locascio 2004; Karley and White 2009). Root Ca2þ uptake is dependent not only on Ca2þ availability in the soil, but also Ca2þ interaction with other nutrients during its movement from the soil into the plant. Altho ...
Biofilms
... between polymers, and the viscosity of the liquid crystal is strongly enhanced by filamentous Pf phages32. Finally, in Gram-negative bacteria, enzymes that are packaged in extracellular membrane vesicles can contribute to the degradation potential of the matrix 33. Thus, the matrix is not simply an ...
... between polymers, and the viscosity of the liquid crystal is strongly enhanced by filamentous Pf phages32. Finally, in Gram-negative bacteria, enzymes that are packaged in extracellular membrane vesicles can contribute to the degradation potential of the matrix 33. Thus, the matrix is not simply an ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.