PIN-Dependent Auxin Transport: Action, Regulation
... nondirectional stream in the phloem along with photosynthetic assimilates, and second, slow and directional cell-to-cell polar auxin transport (PAT). While phloem transport provides a general way to deliver auxin from the sites of its synthesis (mostly in young leaves) to recipient organs, PAT distr ...
... nondirectional stream in the phloem along with photosynthetic assimilates, and second, slow and directional cell-to-cell polar auxin transport (PAT). While phloem transport provides a general way to deliver auxin from the sites of its synthesis (mostly in young leaves) to recipient organs, PAT distr ...
View - Max-Planck
... The chloroplast is the site of eukaryotic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, coupled processes that convert the energy of light into stored biochemical energy, while exchanging environmental CO2 for O2. As such, the chloroplast both directly and indirectly sustains much of the life on our planet. T ...
... The chloroplast is the site of eukaryotic photosynthesis and carbon fixation, coupled processes that convert the energy of light into stored biochemical energy, while exchanging environmental CO2 for O2. As such, the chloroplast both directly and indirectly sustains much of the life on our planet. T ...
Ca signaling and early embryonic patterning during zebrafish
... and (d) the definition of the morphological boundaries of specific tissue domains and embryonic structures, including future organ anlagen. 4. The potential down-stream targets of these Ca2+ transients are also discussed as well as how they might integrate with other pattern-forming signaling pathwa ...
... and (d) the definition of the morphological boundaries of specific tissue domains and embryonic structures, including future organ anlagen. 4. The potential down-stream targets of these Ca2+ transients are also discussed as well as how they might integrate with other pattern-forming signaling pathwa ...
Downloaded - The Journal of Cell Biology
... activity entirely. This suggested that the JM domain inhibits adhesion, and the authors provided data that it might do so by regulating cadherin-dimer formation. Yap et al. (1998) came to a quite different conclusion using a different assay. Cells expressing wild-type cadherins or mutant cadherins c ...
... activity entirely. This suggested that the JM domain inhibits adhesion, and the authors provided data that it might do so by regulating cadherin-dimer formation. Yap et al. (1998) came to a quite different conclusion using a different assay. Cells expressing wild-type cadherins or mutant cadherins c ...
Live Imaging of Drosophila Brain Neuroblasts Reveals a Role for
... Bub protein function, interference with Rod or Zw10 function abrogates mitotic checkpoint function, promoting chromosome segregation defects due to premature anaphase onset before bipolar chromosome attachment (Karess and Glover, 1989; Williams et al., 1992; Basto et al., 2000; Chan et al., 2000). S ...
... Bub protein function, interference with Rod or Zw10 function abrogates mitotic checkpoint function, promoting chromosome segregation defects due to premature anaphase onset before bipolar chromosome attachment (Karess and Glover, 1989; Williams et al., 1992; Basto et al., 2000; Chan et al., 2000). S ...
An intracellular replication niche for Vibrio cholerae in the amoeba
... through contaminated water. Predatory protists, such as amoebae, are major regulators of bacterial populations in such environments. Therefore, we investigated the interaction between V. cholerae and the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii at the single-cell level. We observed that V. cholerae can resis ...
... through contaminated water. Predatory protists, such as amoebae, are major regulators of bacterial populations in such environments. Therefore, we investigated the interaction between V. cholerae and the amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii at the single-cell level. We observed that V. cholerae can resis ...
Glutamate 83 and arginine 85 of helix H3 bend are key residues for
... protofilaments that are aligned in parallel and antiparallel way, while in Zn2+-induced tubulin sheets are arranged only in an antiparallel manner. Thus, from a low-resolution sheet structure of Methanococcus jannaschii FtsZ, it has been proposed that two protofilaments interact through the same lat ...
... protofilaments that are aligned in parallel and antiparallel way, while in Zn2+-induced tubulin sheets are arranged only in an antiparallel manner. Thus, from a low-resolution sheet structure of Methanococcus jannaschii FtsZ, it has been proposed that two protofilaments interact through the same lat ...
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... The expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms can be altered by pathological conditions. For instance, in several cardiac diseases, the Na+,K+-ATPase isoform composition of the heart is modified [32]. Numerous studies have reported changes in Na+,K+-ATPase subunit expression and activity in the course of ...
... The expression of Na+,K+-ATPase isoforms can be altered by pathological conditions. For instance, in several cardiac diseases, the Na+,K+-ATPase isoform composition of the heart is modified [32]. Numerous studies have reported changes in Na+,K+-ATPase subunit expression and activity in the course of ...
Annexin-Phospholipid Interactions. Functional Implications
... their gross structural similarity, in terms of their gene regulation, tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular localization of different isoforms, and features peculiar to individual subfamilies. Annexins are involved in several cellular functions, like membrane trafficking, exocytosis, endo ...
... their gross structural similarity, in terms of their gene regulation, tissue-specific expression patterns, subcellular localization of different isoforms, and features peculiar to individual subfamilies. Annexins are involved in several cellular functions, like membrane trafficking, exocytosis, endo ...
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
... 2. Aggregation of the neuroblastoma-associated mutant (S120G) of the human nucleoside diphosphate kinase-A/NM23-H1 into amyloid fibrils Georgescauld F, Sabaté R, Espargaró A, Ventura S, Chaignepain S, Lacombe ML, Lascu I Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, Oct 2011;384(4-5):373-381 3. Ba ...
... 2. Aggregation of the neuroblastoma-associated mutant (S120G) of the human nucleoside diphosphate kinase-A/NM23-H1 into amyloid fibrils Georgescauld F, Sabaté R, Espargaró A, Ventura S, Chaignepain S, Lacombe ML, Lascu I Naunyn Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology, Oct 2011;384(4-5):373-381 3. Ba ...
Negative regulators of integrin activity - Journal of Cell Science
... to switch activated integrins back into an inactive conformation are likely to be as biologically important as integrin activators for regulating the dynamic nature of integrin function (Fig. 2), they have been studied less than the integrin activating proteins. On the basis of the existing data it ...
... to switch activated integrins back into an inactive conformation are likely to be as biologically important as integrin activators for regulating the dynamic nature of integrin function (Fig. 2), they have been studied less than the integrin activating proteins. On the basis of the existing data it ...
Direct Interaction between Survivin and Smac/DIABLO Is Essential
... vitro and does not inhibit caspase-3 activity. Wang and colleagues identified a novel mitochondrial-associated protein Smac/DIABLO that was able to interact with IAPs (20, 21) and may help explain the inhibitory function of Survivin. Smac/DIABLO is a mitochondria protein but is released into the cyt ...
... vitro and does not inhibit caspase-3 activity. Wang and colleagues identified a novel mitochondrial-associated protein Smac/DIABLO that was able to interact with IAPs (20, 21) and may help explain the inhibitory function of Survivin. Smac/DIABLO is a mitochondria protein but is released into the cyt ...
Investigations on Mitochondrial Pleomorphy and
... Sui generis: in a class of its own; unique. This phrase was used to describe mitochondria ...
... Sui generis: in a class of its own; unique. This phrase was used to describe mitochondria ...
Weak-base amines inhibit the anterograde-to
... peroxidase (HRP). When axon terminals are exposed to HRP, this exogenous protein is taken up by endocytosis and rapidly appears in vesicular and tubular membranous compartments within the terminals, and then subsequently in retrograde organelles, such as multivesicular bodies, which are transported ...
... peroxidase (HRP). When axon terminals are exposed to HRP, this exogenous protein is taken up by endocytosis and rapidly appears in vesicular and tubular membranous compartments within the terminals, and then subsequently in retrograde organelles, such as multivesicular bodies, which are transported ...
Clostridium difficile glutamate dehydrogenase is a
... digested with HindIII and XbaI, and was cloned into the C. difficile shuttle plasmid pMTL84151 (Heap et al., 2009), digested with the same to yield pRG51 (Table 1). The gluD ORF was PCR amplified from JIR8094 chromosomal DNA using primers ORG72 (with KpnI) and ORG79 (with SacI); the PCR product was ...
... digested with HindIII and XbaI, and was cloned into the C. difficile shuttle plasmid pMTL84151 (Heap et al., 2009), digested with the same to yield pRG51 (Table 1). The gluD ORF was PCR amplified from JIR8094 chromosomal DNA using primers ORG72 (with KpnI) and ORG79 (with SacI); the PCR product was ...
Profilin association with monomeric actin in
... Profilin association with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba 3781 were eluted with 1.0 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. Fractions were collected in 0.1 M Tris base and dialyzed into DPBS. These antibodies bound to a single band with the mobility of profilin on immunoblots of whole A431 (Fig. 8A), HeLa and bovin ...
... Profilin association with monomeric actin in Acanthamoeba 3781 were eluted with 1.0 M glycine-HCl, pH 2.5. Fractions were collected in 0.1 M Tris base and dialyzed into DPBS. These antibodies bound to a single band with the mobility of profilin on immunoblots of whole A431 (Fig. 8A), HeLa and bovin ...
FOCAL ADHESION KINASE: IN COMMAND AND CONTROL OF
... creates a motif that is recognized by various SH2-DOMAINcontaining proteins, such as SRC-FAMILY KINASES (SFKs), phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), growth-factor-receptor-bound protein-7 (GRB7), the Shc adaptor protein, p120 RasGAP, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidyli ...
... creates a motif that is recognized by various SH2-DOMAINcontaining proteins, such as SRC-FAMILY KINASES (SFKs), phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ), suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS), growth-factor-receptor-bound protein-7 (GRB7), the Shc adaptor protein, p120 RasGAP, and the p85 subunit of phosphatidyli ...
A role for `futile cycles` involving invertase and sucrose
... invertases are encoded by a small gene family that respond differently to environmental and metabolic cues (Godt and Roitsch, 1997). One of the four extracellular invertase genes of tomato (Lin 6), for example, has been found to be induced by brassinosteroids (BR) in autotropic tomato cell suspensio ...
... invertases are encoded by a small gene family that respond differently to environmental and metabolic cues (Godt and Roitsch, 1997). One of the four extracellular invertase genes of tomato (Lin 6), for example, has been found to be induced by brassinosteroids (BR) in autotropic tomato cell suspensio ...
Review The cellular functions of clathrin
... tively illuminates the bottom 50–150 nm of the cell in the vicinity of the cover slip [59], allowing CCSs on the plasma membrane to be imaged selectively and distinguished from GFP-LCa-positive structures deep within the cell. Combining TIRFM with Epi imaging allowed the visualisation of a budding C ...
... tively illuminates the bottom 50–150 nm of the cell in the vicinity of the cover slip [59], allowing CCSs on the plasma membrane to be imaged selectively and distinguished from GFP-LCa-positive structures deep within the cell. Combining TIRFM with Epi imaging allowed the visualisation of a budding C ...
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... reasonable to expect that autophagy will have a significant impact on animal development, a process ultimately driven by changes in individual cell activity. Here, we discuss current concepts and recent findings regarding the cellular and developmental functions of autophagy. Although its role in de ...
... reasonable to expect that autophagy will have a significant impact on animal development, a process ultimately driven by changes in individual cell activity. Here, we discuss current concepts and recent findings regarding the cellular and developmental functions of autophagy. Although its role in de ...
Fibronectin and Other Adhesive Glycoproteins
... et al. 1982). Most of the sulfation of fibronectin occurs at tyrosine residues as tyrosineO–SO4, probably in the V region (Liu and Lipmann 1985; Paul and Hynes 1984). It should be noted that the referenced analyses are somewhat dated; application of new mass spectrometric techniques should allow loc ...
... et al. 1982). Most of the sulfation of fibronectin occurs at tyrosine residues as tyrosineO–SO4, probably in the V region (Liu and Lipmann 1985; Paul and Hynes 1984). It should be noted that the referenced analyses are somewhat dated; application of new mass spectrometric techniques should allow loc ...
Polarization of the endomembrane system is an early event in fucoid
... penetrated deeper into the cell, reaching the perinuclear region by 15 to 30 min. Labeling remained asymmetric throughout this time period. These data indicate that localized endocytosis contributed to asymmetric endomembrane labeling. Eventually the dye entered the Golgi and secretory pathway and l ...
... penetrated deeper into the cell, reaching the perinuclear region by 15 to 30 min. Labeling remained asymmetric throughout this time period. These data indicate that localized endocytosis contributed to asymmetric endomembrane labeling. Eventually the dye entered the Golgi and secretory pathway and l ...
NCAM Polypeptides in Heart Development: Association with Z Discs
... percent of NCAM molecules containing the MSD region can vary from nearly 0 to 100%. In general, this percentage increases during development. In immunohistochemical studies of hearts from stage 18 embryos, forms of NCAM containing the MSD region colocalized with Z discs. No other adhesion molecules ...
... percent of NCAM molecules containing the MSD region can vary from nearly 0 to 100%. In general, this percentage increases during development. In immunohistochemical studies of hearts from stage 18 embryos, forms of NCAM containing the MSD region colocalized with Z discs. No other adhesion molecules ...
Composition and production of thiol constituents induced
... Different environmental studies have shown that coastal areas often are affected by cadmium pollution. This pollution causes loss of biological diversity and increased bioaccumulation and magnification of cadmium in the food chain. The survival capacity of different aquatic organisms, including phyt ...
... Different environmental studies have shown that coastal areas often are affected by cadmium pollution. This pollution causes loss of biological diversity and increased bioaccumulation and magnification of cadmium in the food chain. The survival capacity of different aquatic organisms, including phyt ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.