Ameba Coloring - Learn District 196
... kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unusual way of creeping alon ...
... kingdoms. Some protozoans are considered plant-like while others are considered animal-like. The ameba is considered an animal-like protist because it moves and consumes its food. Protists are classified by how they move, some have cilia or flagella, but the ameba has an unusual way of creeping alon ...
Photoactivatable GFP tagging cassettes for protein
... microtubules allows monitoring of the movement of tubulin subunits in the microtubule polymer (Tulu et al., 2003). Additionally, experiments involving photoactivation of PA–GFP have been reported to yield better signal-to-noise characteristics compared to experiments involving photobleaching of GFP ...
... microtubules allows monitoring of the movement of tubulin subunits in the microtubule polymer (Tulu et al., 2003). Additionally, experiments involving photoactivation of PA–GFP have been reported to yield better signal-to-noise characteristics compared to experiments involving photobleaching of GFP ...
Targeted wild-type and jerker espins reveal a novel, WH2
... monomeric form (Fig. 3E). A similar result was obtained previously for espin 3A and espin 3B (Sekerková et al., 2004). Moreover, deletion of the 17-aa core also reduced the rapid recovery of photobleached GFP--actin observed throughout the length of the long microvilli of espin-expressing epithelia ...
... monomeric form (Fig. 3E). A similar result was obtained previously for espin 3A and espin 3B (Sekerková et al., 2004). Moreover, deletion of the 17-aa core also reduced the rapid recovery of photobleached GFP--actin observed throughout the length of the long microvilli of espin-expressing epithelia ...
POTASSIUM IN SOIL – PLANT – HUMAN SYSTEM
... permutite pores. Fixation takes place by alternative moistening and drying of the soil and the packages of aluminiumsilicates that the clay is made of , distance from one another or move close and the potassium ions fill in this spaces with the water molecules satisfying the free negative valences r ...
... permutite pores. Fixation takes place by alternative moistening and drying of the soil and the packages of aluminiumsilicates that the clay is made of , distance from one another or move close and the potassium ions fill in this spaces with the water molecules satisfying the free negative valences r ...
Nanoscale Architecture of Endoplasmic Reticulum Export Sites and
... of plants in their natural state. For example, despite 30 years of efforts, no researcher to date has succeeded in producing clear images of budding COPII vesicles in chemically fixed higher plant cells (Robinson, 1980; Aniento et al., 2006). The case for tubular connections between ER and Golgi mem ...
... of plants in their natural state. For example, despite 30 years of efforts, no researcher to date has succeeded in producing clear images of budding COPII vesicles in chemically fixed higher plant cells (Robinson, 1980; Aniento et al., 2006). The case for tubular connections between ER and Golgi mem ...
Quantitative determinants of aerobic glycolysis identify flux through
... converts glucose step-by-step into a simpler chemical called pyruvate. Pyruvate is then normally transported into structures within the cell called mitochondria, where it is further broken down using oxygen to release more energy. However, in cells that are rapidly dividing, pyruvate is converted in ...
... converts glucose step-by-step into a simpler chemical called pyruvate. Pyruvate is then normally transported into structures within the cell called mitochondria, where it is further broken down using oxygen to release more energy. However, in cells that are rapidly dividing, pyruvate is converted in ...
Further analysis on lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+
... Milimolar concentrations (1–10 mM) of lidocaine significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of extern ...
... Milimolar concentrations (1–10 mM) of lidocaine significantly increased the intensity of FluoZin-3 in a concentration-dependent manner (Fig. 1). The result indicated the lidocaine-induced increase in intracellular Zn2+ concentration (Nishimura and Oyama, 2010; Kimura et al., 2011). Removal of extern ...
A Review of Centriole Activity, and Wrongful Activity, during Cell
... Centrioles were originally discovered with the advent of microscopy in the beginning of the 20th century (circa 1904) [2] [17]-[26]. For many years the purpose of centrioles and their function were unknown. Shortly after the mid-twentieth century, with the development of electron microscopy, the beh ...
... Centrioles were originally discovered with the advent of microscopy in the beginning of the 20th century (circa 1904) [2] [17]-[26]. For many years the purpose of centrioles and their function were unknown. Shortly after the mid-twentieth century, with the development of electron microscopy, the beh ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... While the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the destruction of short-lived proteins, autophagy is used for sequestration of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic components in the lysosome (Klionsky and Emr, 2000). Although three forms of autophagy have been described, only macroautophagy (he ...
... While the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the destruction of short-lived proteins, autophagy is used for sequestration of long-lived proteins and cytoplasmic components in the lysosome (Klionsky and Emr, 2000). Although three forms of autophagy have been described, only macroautophagy (he ...
Metabolism of Tac - The Journal of Experimental Medicine
... not expressed on resting lymphocytes but is markedly upregulated with activation o f T, B, and N K cells, and macrophages. As such, it has been used as a target for antibodies and other immunodirected therapies that selectively attack activated or malignant Tac-expressing cells while sparing the nor ...
... not expressed on resting lymphocytes but is markedly upregulated with activation o f T, B, and N K cells, and macrophages. As such, it has been used as a target for antibodies and other immunodirected therapies that selectively attack activated or malignant Tac-expressing cells while sparing the nor ...
Ions and Pollen Tube Growth
... sources of Ca2+ may contribute to the gradient. Given the presence of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and especially the inverted cone of secretory vesicles in the apical domain (Lancelle and Hepler 1992), it is possible that release from these stores could contribute to the intracellular gradient (F ...
... sources of Ca2+ may contribute to the gradient. Given the presence of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and especially the inverted cone of secretory vesicles in the apical domain (Lancelle and Hepler 1992), it is possible that release from these stores could contribute to the intracellular gradient (F ...
Ammonium toxicity and potassium limitation in yeast.
... and showed no lethality, in the presence of galactose. These data demonstrate that an unregulated influx of ammonium per se is lethal to S. cerevisiae. To examine further the MEP over-expressing strains, we grew them in a phosphate-limited chemostat with galactose as a carbon source (Figure 9A). The ...
... and showed no lethality, in the presence of galactose. These data demonstrate that an unregulated influx of ammonium per se is lethal to S. cerevisiae. To examine further the MEP over-expressing strains, we grew them in a phosphate-limited chemostat with galactose as a carbon source (Figure 9A). The ...
Ammonium toxicity and potassium limitation in yeast.
... and showed no lethality, in the presence of galactose. These data demonstrate that an unregulated influx of ammonium per se is lethal to S. cerevisiae. To examine further the MEP over-expressing strains, we grew them in a phosphate-limited chemostat with galactose as a carbon source (Figure 9A). The ...
... and showed no lethality, in the presence of galactose. These data demonstrate that an unregulated influx of ammonium per se is lethal to S. cerevisiae. To examine further the MEP over-expressing strains, we grew them in a phosphate-limited chemostat with galactose as a carbon source (Figure 9A). The ...
Actin and Myosin Function in Directed Vacuole Movement during
... cells. Eventually, this structure disappears as the nucleus migrates into the neck region between the mother cell and the bud (24). One feature of vacuole inheritance that distinguishes it from other membrane trafficking pathways, such as secretion and endocytosis, is that it requires the delivery ...
... cells. Eventually, this structure disappears as the nucleus migrates into the neck region between the mother cell and the bud (24). One feature of vacuole inheritance that distinguishes it from other membrane trafficking pathways, such as secretion and endocytosis, is that it requires the delivery ...
p62/SQSTM1 Binds Directly to Atg8/LC3 to Facilitate Degradation of
... Waters) and subjected to data-dependent tandem mass specVOLUME 282 • NUMBER 33 • AUGUST 17, 2007 ...
... Waters) and subjected to data-dependent tandem mass specVOLUME 282 • NUMBER 33 • AUGUST 17, 2007 ...
ICAM-1 - The Journal of Cell Biology
... functions. Such functions include cell-ceU and cellmatrix interactions, cell motility, maintenance of cell polarity, and directed exocytosis and endocytosis. Most of the information regarding the transmembrane and cytoskeletal molecules that interact and support these functions originate from observ ...
... functions. Such functions include cell-ceU and cellmatrix interactions, cell motility, maintenance of cell polarity, and directed exocytosis and endocytosis. Most of the information regarding the transmembrane and cytoskeletal molecules that interact and support these functions originate from observ ...
1 - The Mostowy Lab
... niche to live inside host cells and replicate. Internalized bacteria first localize within a vacuolar compartment. This residence is sometimes very transient, and some pathogens, such as Listeria or Shigella, have evolved mechanisms to escape from their internalization vacuole to the cytosol and avo ...
... niche to live inside host cells and replicate. Internalized bacteria first localize within a vacuolar compartment. This residence is sometimes very transient, and some pathogens, such as Listeria or Shigella, have evolved mechanisms to escape from their internalization vacuole to the cytosol and avo ...
CELL WALLS OF GROWING PLANT CELLS
... The plant primary cell wall is a three-dimensional interwoven network of cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and h ...
... The plant primary cell wall is a three-dimensional interwoven network of cellulose microfibrils, cross-linked by xyloglucan and dispersed in a pectin matrix. It has been suggested that in the wall of growing plant cells, xyloglucan is bound to the rigid cellulose microfibrils by hydrogen bonds and h ...
Full-Text PDF
... (TGN) [40], multivesicular bodies/prevacuolar compartment (MVB/PVC) [41], lytic and protein storage vacuoles (LV and PSV, respectively) [42,43], the PM and the endocytic compartment [44,45]. Based on rapid labeling with the fluorescent endocytic tracer FM4-64 and morphological similarities it is gen ...
... (TGN) [40], multivesicular bodies/prevacuolar compartment (MVB/PVC) [41], lytic and protein storage vacuoles (LV and PSV, respectively) [42,43], the PM and the endocytic compartment [44,45]. Based on rapid labeling with the fluorescent endocytic tracer FM4-64 and morphological similarities it is gen ...
by Booij (Leyden). Introductory § i. systems § 2
... of the gelatine gel for Ca- and Cl-ions depends charge of the gel. It is noteworthy that this permeability ...
... of the gelatine gel for Ca- and Cl-ions depends charge of the gel. It is noteworthy that this permeability ...
Pericentriolar material structure and dynamics
... complexes with SAS-4, Cnn and g-tubulin, all proteins discovered to occupy concentric toroidal domains within the interphase PCM [31]. These data suggest that the organization and size of the interphase PCM is established through the deposition of pre-assembled complexes of defined stoichiometry and ...
... complexes with SAS-4, Cnn and g-tubulin, all proteins discovered to occupy concentric toroidal domains within the interphase PCM [31]. These data suggest that the organization and size of the interphase PCM is established through the deposition of pre-assembled complexes of defined stoichiometry and ...
LIINA JAKOBSON The roles of abscisic acid, CO , and the cuticle in
... When open, ion channels facilitate rapid ion diffusion down electrical and concentration gradients. They are either inactive or activated through a conformational change. Ion transporters—including pumps—however, move ions ...
... When open, ion channels facilitate rapid ion diffusion down electrical and concentration gradients. They are either inactive or activated through a conformational change. Ion transporters—including pumps—however, move ions ...
Actin machinery: pushing the envelope Gary G Borisy* and Tatyana
... the treadmilling of pure actin filaments in the steady state because for every pointed end that can depolymerize, severing also creates a barbed end that can grow. The effect of ADF/cofilin on dissociation may be even stronger. Because dissociation of ADF/cofilin from the pointed end is a reversible ...
... the treadmilling of pure actin filaments in the steady state because for every pointed end that can depolymerize, severing also creates a barbed end that can grow. The effect of ADF/cofilin on dissociation may be even stronger. Because dissociation of ADF/cofilin from the pointed end is a reversible ...
The mitochondrial compartment - Plant Mitochondrial dynamics
... The extent to which the structural organization and compartmentalization of the energy-transducing inner mitochondrial membrane to form three components (inner boundary membrane, cristal membranes and intercristal space) are reflected in, or indeed due to, a different protein complement of each comp ...
... The extent to which the structural organization and compartmentalization of the energy-transducing inner mitochondrial membrane to form three components (inner boundary membrane, cristal membranes and intercristal space) are reflected in, or indeed due to, a different protein complement of each comp ...
Cooperative Regulation of Cell Polarity and Growth by Drosophila
... We further explored the relation between scrib, lgl, and dlg by comparing the subcellular localization of the gene products (8). Scrib and Dlg colocalized throughout development, in particular at the apical margin of the lateral membrane (ALM) of the embryonic epidermal epithelium (Fig. 5A). Colocal ...
... We further explored the relation between scrib, lgl, and dlg by comparing the subcellular localization of the gene products (8). Scrib and Dlg colocalized throughout development, in particular at the apical margin of the lateral membrane (ALM) of the embryonic epidermal epithelium (Fig. 5A). Colocal ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.