Fischbarg 2010 review
... Aquaporins. Physiol Rev 90: 1271–1290, 2010; doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2009.—The mechanism of epithelial fluid transport remains unsolved, which is partly due to inherent experimental difficulties. However, a preparation with which our laboratory works, the corneal endothelium, is a simple leaky sec ...
... Aquaporins. Physiol Rev 90: 1271–1290, 2010; doi:10.1152/physrev.00025.2009.—The mechanism of epithelial fluid transport remains unsolved, which is partly due to inherent experimental difficulties. However, a preparation with which our laboratory works, the corneal endothelium, is a simple leaky sec ...
chlamydomonas gymnogama and
... nants. It is possible that partial lysis of cell walls tein similar chemically to that of cell walls reinoccurs before and during the wall-shedding proc- forces the idea that what are at present undetectaess, as partial lysis of cell walls has been observed ble or relatively subtle differences in c ...
... nants. It is possible that partial lysis of cell walls tein similar chemically to that of cell walls reinoccurs before and during the wall-shedding proc- forces the idea that what are at present undetectaess, as partial lysis of cell walls has been observed ble or relatively subtle differences in c ...
topic #4: angiosperm anatomy and selected aspects
... delimited by the plasma membrane is, thus, continuous from one end of a plant to the other (or at least certain domains comprise connected cells). The membrane-bound space is called the symplast; cell walls, air spaces, the lumina of dead cells (like mature tracheary elements) comprise the apoplast9 ...
... delimited by the plasma membrane is, thus, continuous from one end of a plant to the other (or at least certain domains comprise connected cells). The membrane-bound space is called the symplast; cell walls, air spaces, the lumina of dead cells (like mature tracheary elements) comprise the apoplast9 ...
The Ndc80p Complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Contains
... several components that colocalize with the spindle microtubules close to the nuclear side of the SPB. These components were identified either by a monoclonal screen (Rout and Kilmartin, 1990) or by MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of the enriched spindle poles (Wigge et al., 1998). A particularly ...
... several components that colocalize with the spindle microtubules close to the nuclear side of the SPB. These components were identified either by a monoclonal screen (Rout and Kilmartin, 1990) or by MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of the enriched spindle poles (Wigge et al., 1998). A particularly ...
Increased Expression of Cytoskeletal, Linkage, and Extracellular
... Therefore, most studies concerning the mechanism of reduced function are carried out in tissue samples from human hearts obtained at the time of cardiac transplantation, either from ischemic hearts or from those with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we present data obtained in failing hu ...
... Therefore, most studies concerning the mechanism of reduced function are carried out in tissue samples from human hearts obtained at the time of cardiac transplantation, either from ischemic hearts or from those with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we present data obtained in failing hu ...
Cell Structure/Function
... 11. In which cell of the human body would you expect to find the most mitochondria? Your Answer: Correct Answer: 12. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? Your Answer: Correct Answer: 13. In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells. In both cells, organelle 5 is ...
... 11. In which cell of the human body would you expect to find the most mitochondria? Your Answer: Correct Answer: 12. Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? Your Answer: Correct Answer: 13. In the diagram below, Cell I and II represent typical cells. In both cells, organelle 5 is ...
The Physiology of Gibberellin-Induced Elongation
... incubated in GA. Lettuce hypocotyl sections incubated in GA do not secrete protons, although under certain conditions of fusicoccin treatment sections will acidify the incubation medium. These data provide convincing evidence that for lettuce, elongation growth in response to GA treatment is not acc ...
... incubated in GA. Lettuce hypocotyl sections incubated in GA do not secrete protons, although under certain conditions of fusicoccin treatment sections will acidify the incubation medium. These data provide convincing evidence that for lettuce, elongation growth in response to GA treatment is not acc ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
... Advanced physical measurements of transport processes go beyond the simple determination of distance versus time to quantify the relative strengths of competing processes. Since only pure numbers (“dimensionless quantities”) can be said to be large or small, the competition is defined in these terms ...
... Advanced physical measurements of transport processes go beyond the simple determination of distance versus time to quantify the relative strengths of competing processes. Since only pure numbers (“dimensionless quantities”) can be said to be large or small, the competition is defined in these terms ...
Mitochondrial GFA2 Is Required for Synergid Cell
... Little is known about the molecular processes that govern female gametophyte (FG) development and function, and few FG-expressed genes have been identified. We report the identification and phenotypic analysis of 31 new FG mutants in Arabidopsis. These mutants have defects throughout development, in ...
... Little is known about the molecular processes that govern female gametophyte (FG) development and function, and few FG-expressed genes have been identified. We report the identification and phenotypic analysis of 31 new FG mutants in Arabidopsis. These mutants have defects throughout development, in ...
Cytoplasmic streaming enables the distribution of molecules
... Advanced physical measurements of transport processes go beyond the simple determination of distance versus time to quantify the relative strengths of competing processes. Since only pure numbers (“dimensionless quantities”) can be said to be large or small, the competition is defined in these terms ...
... Advanced physical measurements of transport processes go beyond the simple determination of distance versus time to quantify the relative strengths of competing processes. Since only pure numbers (“dimensionless quantities”) can be said to be large or small, the competition is defined in these terms ...
KRP3A and KRP3B: Candidate Motors in Spermatid Maturation in
... tasks ranging from chromosome segregation to vesicle transport (reviewed in [1–3]). The cells of the seminiferous epithelium provide an excellent opportunity to examine the different structural demands on these specialized proteins in an array of microtubule complexes. Although microtubule-based mov ...
... tasks ranging from chromosome segregation to vesicle transport (reviewed in [1–3]). The cells of the seminiferous epithelium provide an excellent opportunity to examine the different structural demands on these specialized proteins in an array of microtubule complexes. Although microtubule-based mov ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
... 1 and 2B). A very low percentage (less than 2%) of structure-less ghosts and cellular debris that are typical for necrotic cell death were also observed after 24 h DEX treatment (data not shown). However, even after 36 or 48 h treatment, the majority of cells belonged to categories x, y and z (Figur ...
Identification of a New Protein Localized at Sites of Cell
... 37). At these regions a cell establishes a transmembrane linkage between components of the extracellular milieu and the actin-rich cytoskeleton. Such areas where cells make close contact with a substrate or another cell have been referred to as adherens junctions. Collectively these junctions share ...
... 37). At these regions a cell establishes a transmembrane linkage between components of the extracellular milieu and the actin-rich cytoskeleton. Such areas where cells make close contact with a substrate or another cell have been referred to as adherens junctions. Collectively these junctions share ...
Accurate cell segmentation in microscopy images using membrane
... Flexible boundary definition. Many segmentation algorithms associate the high intensity gradient information of the image with the cells’ boundaries. This is reasonable, for instance, when the background intensity distribution is different from the cells’ intensity distribution. However, depending o ...
... Flexible boundary definition. Many segmentation algorithms associate the high intensity gradient information of the image with the cells’ boundaries. This is reasonable, for instance, when the background intensity distribution is different from the cells’ intensity distribution. However, depending o ...
Molecular organization of the cell wall of Candida albicans
... CWPs that are linked through disulphide bridges to other CWPs. They will also include soluble precursor forms of covalently linked CWPs [26,29] or periplasmic enzymes that are released because the cell wall has become more permeable as a result of breaking disulphide bridges [30]. For example, the s ...
... CWPs that are linked through disulphide bridges to other CWPs. They will also include soluble precursor forms of covalently linked CWPs [26,29] or periplasmic enzymes that are released because the cell wall has become more permeable as a result of breaking disulphide bridges [30]. For example, the s ...
Action Potential Transfer in Cell Pairs Isolated From Adult Rat and
... electrical properties and the topology of cell arrangements (e.g., see Fozzard1)- A change in each of these parameters is expected to modify the conduction velocity in the heart. In fact, the influence of membrane excitability on conduction velocity has long been recognized, while the importance of ...
... electrical properties and the topology of cell arrangements (e.g., see Fozzard1)- A change in each of these parameters is expected to modify the conduction velocity in the heart. In fact, the influence of membrane excitability on conduction velocity has long been recognized, while the importance of ...
Calcium-Containing Organelles Display Unique Reactivity to
... known stores, including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum? Whether these organelles accumulate dye or calcium, the presence of dye in them interferes with accurate measurements of real free [Ca]i elsewhere in the cytosol, and so it is important to determine whether there are any systematic chan ...
... known stores, including mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum? Whether these organelles accumulate dye or calcium, the presence of dye in them interferes with accurate measurements of real free [Ca]i elsewhere in the cytosol, and so it is important to determine whether there are any systematic chan ...
PDF
... position of the centrosome in the P2 cells, because it is originally on the side distal to the contact site between P2 and EMS in intact embryos (see Materials and methods). The axis of the asymmetric P2 and P3 divisions was defined as ‘oriented’ if the angle formed by the three cells was greater th ...
... position of the centrosome in the P2 cells, because it is originally on the side distal to the contact site between P2 and EMS in intact embryos (see Materials and methods). The axis of the asymmetric P2 and P3 divisions was defined as ‘oriented’ if the angle formed by the three cells was greater th ...
Arabidopsis CSLD5 Functions in Cell Plate
... csld5 mutant plants displayed significantly increased numbers of clustered stomatal guard cells (Figures 1D and 1E), and incomplete cell walls were observed in developing stomatal guard cell complexes (Figure 1D). Single csld2 and csld3 mutants did not display stomatal defects, but loss of either gen ...
... csld5 mutant plants displayed significantly increased numbers of clustered stomatal guard cells (Figures 1D and 1E), and incomplete cell walls were observed in developing stomatal guard cell complexes (Figure 1D). Single csld2 and csld3 mutants did not display stomatal defects, but loss of either gen ...
Cell cycle and differentiation
... division (for further discussion see [20]). The origin of endoreplication from a mitotic mode could also explain why trichomes (and perhaps other endoreplicating cells) may tolerate ectopic cell divisions. The potential advantages of a single large polyploid cell as opposed to many small cells might ...
... division (for further discussion see [20]). The origin of endoreplication from a mitotic mode could also explain why trichomes (and perhaps other endoreplicating cells) may tolerate ectopic cell divisions. The potential advantages of a single large polyploid cell as opposed to many small cells might ...
ARF1 and SAR1 GTPases in Endomembrane Trafficking in Plants
... have been shown to be involved in the formation of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)/vesicular tubular clusters and ER exit sites [38]. In retrograde transport, it was demonstrated that p25 may function as an anchor for the p24 proteins [39]. In Arabidopsis, up to 11 different p24 family mem ...
... have been shown to be involved in the formation of ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC)/vesicular tubular clusters and ER exit sites [38]. In retrograde transport, it was demonstrated that p25 may function as an anchor for the p24 proteins [39]. In Arabidopsis, up to 11 different p24 family mem ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.