Development of Peltate Glandular Trichomes of
... reticulum at which hydroxylation steps of the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway occur. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the secretory cells appears to form associations with both the leucoplasts and the plasma membrane bordering the sub-cuticular oil storage cavity, often contains densely staining ...
... reticulum at which hydroxylation steps of the monoterpene biosynthetic pathway occur. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of the secretory cells appears to form associations with both the leucoplasts and the plasma membrane bordering the sub-cuticular oil storage cavity, often contains densely staining ...
signaling events regulating removal of apoptotic cells
... (Gumienny et al., 2001). However, in situ studies of ELMO1 and ELMO2 in the mouse brain suggest these proteins play cell-type-specific roles (Katoh et al., 2006a). The regulation of ELMO-Dock180 activation appears surprisingly complex. Preliminary studies led many to postulate that recruitment of EL ...
... (Gumienny et al., 2001). However, in situ studies of ELMO1 and ELMO2 in the mouse brain suggest these proteins play cell-type-specific roles (Katoh et al., 2006a). The regulation of ELMO-Dock180 activation appears surprisingly complex. Preliminary studies led many to postulate that recruitment of EL ...
Protein Synthesis and Quality Control at the Endoplasmic Reticulum
... through the non-polar core of the ER membrane (Figure 1B) were also proposed (e.g. [7]). These competing models were debated vigorously, largely because the lack of direct experimental evidence for the presence or absence of a translocon and an aqueous pore did not allow a resolution of the issue. S ...
... through the non-polar core of the ER membrane (Figure 1B) were also proposed (e.g. [7]). These competing models were debated vigorously, largely because the lack of direct experimental evidence for the presence or absence of a translocon and an aqueous pore did not allow a resolution of the issue. S ...
Project Details - School of Biomedical Sciences
... retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-protective effects in many models of oxidant-induced injury [1,2]. This sulphur-containing amino acid may be derived from the diet or biosynthesized as an end-product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Altho ...
... retina, skeletal muscle, brain, and leukocytes, exhibiting multiple functions and tissue-protective effects in many models of oxidant-induced injury [1,2]. This sulphur-containing amino acid may be derived from the diet or biosynthesized as an end-product of methionine and cysteine metabolism. Altho ...
Plasma Membrane Permeability of Root
... container filled with 8 liters of tap water under aeration at 27°C in a growth room under fluorescent white light (18 ftE m~2 s"1) with a 14-h photoperiod. To maintain high humidity, each container was covered with a polyvinyl sheet and the seeds sprayed with deionized water. Three or four-d-old see ...
... container filled with 8 liters of tap water under aeration at 27°C in a growth room under fluorescent white light (18 ftE m~2 s"1) with a 14-h photoperiod. To maintain high humidity, each container was covered with a polyvinyl sheet and the seeds sprayed with deionized water. Three or four-d-old see ...
J-Domain Protein CDJ2 and HSP70B Are a Plastidic Chaperone
... cochaperones, of which the J-domain cochaperones represent an important class. J-domain cochaperones contain a highly conserved J-domain that is responsible for the interaction with Hsp70. In addition, these cochaperones contain domains typical for protein–protein interactions, such as zinc finger or ...
... cochaperones, of which the J-domain cochaperones represent an important class. J-domain cochaperones contain a highly conserved J-domain that is responsible for the interaction with Hsp70. In addition, these cochaperones contain domains typical for protein–protein interactions, such as zinc finger or ...
Commentary in EMBO Journal
... apparent early on that autophagy was not solely a nutrient scavenging pathway, but one that also efficiently clears damaged organelles from the cytoplasm (Dunn et al, 2005; Youle & Narendra, 2011). The ability of autophagy to sequester and clear large particles from the cytoplasm has broader implica ...
... apparent early on that autophagy was not solely a nutrient scavenging pathway, but one that also efficiently clears damaged organelles from the cytoplasm (Dunn et al, 2005; Youle & Narendra, 2011). The ability of autophagy to sequester and clear large particles from the cytoplasm has broader implica ...
Electron Microscope Observations of Brucella abortus
... accompanied by continuous synthesis of the enclosing vacuole’s membrane. This is likely because the synthesis of membrane appears to be a fairly common reaction of cells to a variety of external and internal stimuli. An increased rate of production of the membrane is also suggested by the membranous ...
... accompanied by continuous synthesis of the enclosing vacuole’s membrane. This is likely because the synthesis of membrane appears to be a fairly common reaction of cells to a variety of external and internal stimuli. An increased rate of production of the membrane is also suggested by the membranous ...
The epithelial junction: bridge, gate, and fence.
... ceils of epitheiia is therefore relevant also to any symmetrical cell, where the pump and entry mechanism are not spatially separate. The mechanism of this feedback in epithelia remains unknown. One candidate is changes in intracellular Na+ concentration. If so, however, the mechanism is somehow the ...
... ceils of epitheiia is therefore relevant also to any symmetrical cell, where the pump and entry mechanism are not spatially separate. The mechanism of this feedback in epithelia remains unknown. One candidate is changes in intracellular Na+ concentration. If so, however, the mechanism is somehow the ...
Single Molecule Detection in Life Science
... fluorescence of labeled-ATP. The fluorescence could be visualized when fluorescent ATP was bound to myosin and no fluorescent detected when the binding site of myosin was unoccupied. To avoid any possible artifact of the direct binding of proteins to the glass surface, a single one-headed-myosin was ...
... fluorescence of labeled-ATP. The fluorescence could be visualized when fluorescent ATP was bound to myosin and no fluorescent detected when the binding site of myosin was unoccupied. To avoid any possible artifact of the direct binding of proteins to the glass surface, a single one-headed-myosin was ...
L9-Student AcidBase
... •If there is an alkalosis in the body, the kidneys will not reabsorb all the bicarbonate, and the loss of one HCO3- ion is similar to adding one H+ ion to the ECF. ...
... •If there is an alkalosis in the body, the kidneys will not reabsorb all the bicarbonate, and the loss of one HCO3- ion is similar to adding one H+ ion to the ECF. ...
PDF
... RNase buffer (0.5 N NaC1, 10 mM Tris 7.5, 1 mM EDTA), and half of the embryos of each stage were incubated 1 hr at 33 ° C with RNase A (20 gg/ml) to digest any unhybridized probe. All embryos were then washed with RNase buffer, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol solutions and embedded in glyco ...
... RNase buffer (0.5 N NaC1, 10 mM Tris 7.5, 1 mM EDTA), and half of the embryos of each stage were incubated 1 hr at 33 ° C with RNase A (20 gg/ml) to digest any unhybridized probe. All embryos were then washed with RNase buffer, dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol solutions and embedded in glyco ...
Programmed Cell Death in Floral Organs: How and Why do Flowers
... Timing Life span of the whole flower is regulated for ecological and energetic reasons, but the death of individual tissues and cells within the flower is co-ordinated at many levels to ensure correct timing. Some floral cells die selectively during organ development, whereas others are retained u ...
... Timing Life span of the whole flower is regulated for ecological and energetic reasons, but the death of individual tissues and cells within the flower is co-ordinated at many levels to ensure correct timing. Some floral cells die selectively during organ development, whereas others are retained u ...
ATPase in the plasma membrane of HeLa cells
... To distinguish the cell-surface protein fraction from the intracellular ones, the above-mentioned procedure was utilized with a membraneimpermeable biotinylation reagent to quantify the protein on the cell surface (see supplementary material Fig. S1 for details of the labeling method). HeLa cells we ...
... To distinguish the cell-surface protein fraction from the intracellular ones, the above-mentioned procedure was utilized with a membraneimpermeable biotinylation reagent to quantify the protein on the cell surface (see supplementary material Fig. S1 for details of the labeling method). HeLa cells we ...
to the complete text
... make it a good model system in which to study many aspects of the actin cytoskeleton. Cell division, secretion and signaling are well studied in the yeast system. A useful and popular method to screen for genetic interactions is to look for ‘synthetic lethality’: cells defective in either of two gen ...
... make it a good model system in which to study many aspects of the actin cytoskeleton. Cell division, secretion and signaling are well studied in the yeast system. A useful and popular method to screen for genetic interactions is to look for ‘synthetic lethality’: cells defective in either of two gen ...
PDF
... INTRODUCTION Growth of cells in higher land plants is the irreversible deformation of the cell wall that is driven by the intracellular hydrostatic pressure (turgor) which the growing cells can maintain as long as an extracellular water source is available (Cosgrove, 2005). Hydrostatic pressure is a ...
... INTRODUCTION Growth of cells in higher land plants is the irreversible deformation of the cell wall that is driven by the intracellular hydrostatic pressure (turgor) which the growing cells can maintain as long as an extracellular water source is available (Cosgrove, 2005). Hydrostatic pressure is a ...
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... Eve G. Stringham1,2,* The shape changes that are required to position a cell to migrate or grow out in a particular direction involve a coordinated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Although it is known that the ARP2/3 complex nucleates actin filament assembly, exactly how the information fr ...
... Eve G. Stringham1,2,* The shape changes that are required to position a cell to migrate or grow out in a particular direction involve a coordinated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Although it is known that the ARP2/3 complex nucleates actin filament assembly, exactly how the information fr ...
PDF
... et ak, 1987) or in the inheritance of a cytoplasmic or In normal development the first cleavage division cortical component of the mother cell (for example, produces daughter cells, AB and CD, that are unequal by Conklin, 1905; Boveri, 1910; Spemann, 1938; Shimizu, three criteria. Cell CD is larger ...
... et ak, 1987) or in the inheritance of a cytoplasmic or In normal development the first cleavage division cortical component of the mother cell (for example, produces daughter cells, AB and CD, that are unequal by Conklin, 1905; Boveri, 1910; Spemann, 1938; Shimizu, three criteria. Cell CD is larger ...
Nuclear centering in Spirogyra
... the cytoplasm of S. crassa. These organelles accumulated in the form of mostly one to three large blebs very close to the nucleus (Fig. 6A). The extensive peripheral MF system (Fig. 4B) disrupted upon application of CD into very short, punctate MF residues (as indicated by RLP ¯uorescence; not shown ...
... the cytoplasm of S. crassa. These organelles accumulated in the form of mostly one to three large blebs very close to the nucleus (Fig. 6A). The extensive peripheral MF system (Fig. 4B) disrupted upon application of CD into very short, punctate MF residues (as indicated by RLP ¯uorescence; not shown ...
The immunological synapse: a focal point for endocytosis and
... recycling endosomal compartment polarizes to the point immediately beneath the cSMAC of the immunological synapse (Das et al., 2004). Das et al. (2004) demonstrated the continuous recycling of TCR from the cell surface to the recycling compartment, where it colocalizes with transferrin receptor, to ...
... recycling endosomal compartment polarizes to the point immediately beneath the cSMAC of the immunological synapse (Das et al., 2004). Das et al. (2004) demonstrated the continuous recycling of TCR from the cell surface to the recycling compartment, where it colocalizes with transferrin receptor, to ...
The Myriad Roles of Anillin during Cytokinesis Alisa J. Piekny1 and
... in metazoan cells, what is its role? One of Anillin’s key functions is to “organize” myosin. Drosophila Anillin is required for the organization of myosin into discrete, intact rings throughout the cellularization front ([8]; Fig. 1). Depletion of Drosophila or human Anillin from cultured cells pert ...
... in metazoan cells, what is its role? One of Anillin’s key functions is to “organize” myosin. Drosophila Anillin is required for the organization of myosin into discrete, intact rings throughout the cellularization front ([8]; Fig. 1). Depletion of Drosophila or human Anillin from cultured cells pert ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.