Role of Sulfhydryl Sites on Bacterial Cell Walls in the
... coordination environments of Hg on bacterial surfaces was analyzed using synchrotron based Xray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES), and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the Hg L3 edge. The chemical forms of thiol groups of bacteria and their cell wall ...
... coordination environments of Hg on bacterial surfaces was analyzed using synchrotron based Xray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES), and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) spectroscopy at the Hg L3 edge. The chemical forms of thiol groups of bacteria and their cell wall ...
Research Project Final Report
... successfully applied to the Rov9 cells and subclones more sensitive to natural scrapie infection were isolated; this increased sensitivity may be due to the increased proportion of cells expressing membrane bound PrPC seen in the subclones. However, subcloning of the Rov9 cell line did not increase ...
... successfully applied to the Rov9 cells and subclones more sensitive to natural scrapie infection were isolated; this increased sensitivity may be due to the increased proportion of cells expressing membrane bound PrPC seen in the subclones. However, subcloning of the Rov9 cell line did not increase ...
2/6/12 Bacterial Growth
... • Mechanisms for combating low water activity in surrounding environment involve increasing the internal solute concentration by – Pumping inorganic ions from environment into cell – Synthesis or concentration of organic solutes • compatible solutes: compounds used by cell to counteract low water ac ...
... • Mechanisms for combating low water activity in surrounding environment involve increasing the internal solute concentration by – Pumping inorganic ions from environment into cell – Synthesis or concentration of organic solutes • compatible solutes: compounds used by cell to counteract low water ac ...
Next-generation proteomics: towards an integrative view of
... the output spectra owing to their distinctive mass. In recent years, several strategies have been developed that use the incorporation of stable isotopes27, for which minimal variability is achieved using metabolic labelling in cell culture28 or even in whole organisms29,30. A drawback of metabolic ...
... the output spectra owing to their distinctive mass. In recent years, several strategies have been developed that use the incorporation of stable isotopes27, for which minimal variability is achieved using metabolic labelling in cell culture28 or even in whole organisms29,30. A drawback of metabolic ...
The TOR signalling network from yeast to man
... elucidated many of the signalling components that communicate these cellular cues to mTORC1. 4.1. Regulation of mTORC1 by hormones and growth factors Ligation of several hormone and growth factor receptors activates mTORC1 (Fig. 1B; Harris & Lawrence, 2003; Inoki et al., 2005b). Ligation of these re ...
... elucidated many of the signalling components that communicate these cellular cues to mTORC1. 4.1. Regulation of mTORC1 by hormones and growth factors Ligation of several hormone and growth factor receptors activates mTORC1 (Fig. 1B; Harris & Lawrence, 2003; Inoki et al., 2005b). Ligation of these re ...
Partitioning of nutrient transport processes in roots
... processes between different cell types is thus essential for roots to function effectively. This partitioning is considered at the level of proteins, organelles and cells in relation to the accepted concepts of how nutrients are taken up by roots and delivered to the xylem. Using K+ as an example, t ...
... processes between different cell types is thus essential for roots to function effectively. This partitioning is considered at the level of proteins, organelles and cells in relation to the accepted concepts of how nutrients are taken up by roots and delivered to the xylem. Using K+ as an example, t ...
A role for the DNA-damage checkpoint kinase Chk1 in the virulence
... program in pathogenic fungi. It could therefore be assumed that in pathogenic fungi the control of the cell cycle, as well as morphogenesis, is linked somehow to the virulence program. The maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis is an excellent system to address the relationships between cell cycle, morph ...
... program in pathogenic fungi. It could therefore be assumed that in pathogenic fungi the control of the cell cycle, as well as morphogenesis, is linked somehow to the virulence program. The maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis is an excellent system to address the relationships between cell cycle, morph ...
a morphogenetic role for the TNF signalling pathway
... One mechanism by which RhoA activity can be regulated is via the RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which can bind to the intracellular domain of p75 (Yamashita and Tohyama, 2003). The binding of RhoGDI to p75 prevents the inhibition of RhoA by RhoGDI, allowing activation of RhoA by an as-yet-u ...
... One mechanism by which RhoA activity can be regulated is via the RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI), which can bind to the intracellular domain of p75 (Yamashita and Tohyama, 2003). The binding of RhoGDI to p75 prevents the inhibition of RhoA by RhoGDI, allowing activation of RhoA by an as-yet-u ...
Impact of the cell lifecycle on bacteriophage T4 infection
... and the influence the cell cycle has on phage infection (Fig. 1). The cell age has been normalized such that 0 represents recently divided cells beginning their growth cycle and 1 indicates that all cells have completed their growth cycle (interdivision cycle + binary fission). The cell age was norm ...
... and the influence the cell cycle has on phage infection (Fig. 1). The cell age has been normalized such that 0 represents recently divided cells beginning their growth cycle and 1 indicates that all cells have completed their growth cycle (interdivision cycle + binary fission). The cell age was norm ...
Sporangiophores' Technique Study Transpiration Pressure Probe
... which control water transport and plant cell growth (2-4, 8, 14). These pressure probe techniques have also been used to study the water relations of the sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus (5). In general, pressure probe techniques require that there is a known relationship between the turg ...
... which control water transport and plant cell growth (2-4, 8, 14). These pressure probe techniques have also been used to study the water relations of the sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus (5). In general, pressure probe techniques require that there is a known relationship between the turg ...
Heart Rhythm 101
... identified as the QRS complex – that is, the time period on the ECG during which the ventricles depolarize (contract). The P wave is absent during atrial fibrillation. Depolarization is followed by repolarization (recovery). During this phase, an outflow of K+ ions is followed by a period during whi ...
... identified as the QRS complex – that is, the time period on the ECG during which the ventricles depolarize (contract). The P wave is absent during atrial fibrillation. Depolarization is followed by repolarization (recovery). During this phase, an outflow of K+ ions is followed by a period during whi ...
Surviving apoptosis: life–death signaling in single cells
... hepatic injury [44,45]. TRAIL is involved in nonapoptotic forms of cellular differentiation, with reported roles in hematopoiesis and intestinal and skeletal muscle differentiation [46–48]. TRAIL promotes survival, migration, and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle ce ...
... hepatic injury [44,45]. TRAIL is involved in nonapoptotic forms of cellular differentiation, with reported roles in hematopoiesis and intestinal and skeletal muscle differentiation [46–48]. TRAIL promotes survival, migration, and proliferation of human vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle ce ...
Essential Cell Biology Chapter 4 excerpt
... Proteins are the most structurally diverse macromolecules in the cell. Although they range in size from about 30 amino acids to more than 10,000, the vast majority of proteins are between 50 and 2000 amino acids long. Proteins can be globular or fibrous; they can form filaments, sheets, rings, or sp ...
... Proteins are the most structurally diverse macromolecules in the cell. Although they range in size from about 30 amino acids to more than 10,000, the vast majority of proteins are between 50 and 2000 amino acids long. Proteins can be globular or fibrous; they can form filaments, sheets, rings, or sp ...
Endomembrane trafficking protein SEC24A regulates cell size
... Size is a fundamental characteristic of a cell, but how cell size is determined is still not well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differ ...
... Size is a fundamental characteristic of a cell, but how cell size is determined is still not well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differ ...
Endomembrane trafficking protein SEC24A regulates cell size
... Size is a fundamental characteristic of a cell, but how cell size is determined is still not well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differ ...
... Size is a fundamental characteristic of a cell, but how cell size is determined is still not well understood in most living organisms (Marshall et al., 2012). Cells of different types typically have characteristic sizes, indicating that size is carefully regulated to fit cell functions during differ ...
Untitled - University of Guelph
... label, GFP; microtubule label, red fluorescent protein DsRed; peroxisome label, YFP punctae) that will allow in-depth dissection of subcellular interactions involved in cell shape development. (a–d) Scale barsZ20 mm; (e,f) scale barsZ10 mm. ...
... label, GFP; microtubule label, red fluorescent protein DsRed; peroxisome label, YFP punctae) that will allow in-depth dissection of subcellular interactions involved in cell shape development. (a–d) Scale barsZ20 mm; (e,f) scale barsZ10 mm. ...
PPT - Yavapai College
... 2. The amino acid sequence for those proteins are coded for in the DNA 3. The world’s biggest super-computers are trying to figure out how, based on their unique amino acid sequence, all the different cellular proteins take on the particular shape they have, and control the particular reaction they ...
... 2. The amino acid sequence for those proteins are coded for in the DNA 3. The world’s biggest super-computers are trying to figure out how, based on their unique amino acid sequence, all the different cellular proteins take on the particular shape they have, and control the particular reaction they ...
Bell Work: What is the fundamental unit of life?
... The structural role of microfilaments is to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell They form a 3-D network called the cortex just inside the plasma membrane to help support the cell’s shape Bundles of microfilaments make up the core of microvilli of intestinal cells ...
... The structural role of microfilaments is to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell They form a 3-D network called the cortex just inside the plasma membrane to help support the cell’s shape Bundles of microfilaments make up the core of microvilli of intestinal cells ...
Evolutionary tradeoffs in cellular composition across
... component (e.g., DNA) as C i ¼ C 0 V bc i , where βi is the exponent for volume (measured in m3 throughout this paper) dependence of the component. It is important to note that if βio1 then component Ci will be a decreasing fraction of total cell volume with increasing cell size, while βi41 leads to ...
... component (e.g., DNA) as C i ¼ C 0 V bc i , where βi is the exponent for volume (measured in m3 throughout this paper) dependence of the component. It is important to note that if βio1 then component Ci will be a decreasing fraction of total cell volume with increasing cell size, while βi41 leads to ...
Tea4p Links Microtubule Plus Ends with the Formin For3p in the
... cortex (Snaith and Sawin, 2003). Tea1p plays a critical function in the initiation of the second site of growth; the most penetrant phenotype of tea1⌬ mutants is a failure to initiate growth at a naive cell tip, so that these cells only grow in a monopolar manner (Mata and Nurse, 1997; Verde et al., ...
... cortex (Snaith and Sawin, 2003). Tea1p plays a critical function in the initiation of the second site of growth; the most penetrant phenotype of tea1⌬ mutants is a failure to initiate growth at a naive cell tip, so that these cells only grow in a monopolar manner (Mata and Nurse, 1997; Verde et al., ...
Plant Cell Growth and Elongation
... architecture must change during cell expansion to incorporate new material, increasing the surface area of the cell by as much as 10 000 times and inducing water uptake by the protoplast. As the rate of cell wall expansion is ratelimiting for growth, plant form derives from two processes: first, esta ...
... architecture must change during cell expansion to incorporate new material, increasing the surface area of the cell by as much as 10 000 times and inducing water uptake by the protoplast. As the rate of cell wall expansion is ratelimiting for growth, plant form derives from two processes: first, esta ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.