Fig. - Journal of Cell Science
... The best-characterised BTB-domain CUL3 adaptors contain defined substrate interaction domains, such as Kelch, MATH, PHR or zinc fingers (Stogios et al., 2005). No such domains have been described for KCTD proteins, yet the region comprising residues 114–237, which is located directly after its BTB d ...
... The best-characterised BTB-domain CUL3 adaptors contain defined substrate interaction domains, such as Kelch, MATH, PHR or zinc fingers (Stogios et al., 2005). No such domains have been described for KCTD proteins, yet the region comprising residues 114–237, which is located directly after its BTB d ...
Cytoskeletal Elements in Bacteria
... of the physiology of the cell. Bacterial tubulin (FtsZ), actin (MreB), and intermediate filament (IF) proteins are key elements in cell division, chromosome and plasmid segregation, and maintenance of proper cell shape, as well as in maintenance of cell polarity and assembly of intracellular organell ...
... of the physiology of the cell. Bacterial tubulin (FtsZ), actin (MreB), and intermediate filament (IF) proteins are key elements in cell division, chromosome and plasmid segregation, and maintenance of proper cell shape, as well as in maintenance of cell polarity and assembly of intracellular organell ...
The Involvement of the Fibronectin Type II-like Modules
... form (5). Although quantitation of enzyme levels from zymograms is only semiquantitative, less than ;3% of the total soluble gelatinase A remained as the 66-kDa (2DTT) zymogen form in the presence of 100 mM rCBD (lane 100 1) compared with ;28 –34% in those cells not treated with rCBD (lanes 0 1). Th ...
... form (5). Although quantitation of enzyme levels from zymograms is only semiquantitative, less than ;3% of the total soluble gelatinase A remained as the 66-kDa (2DTT) zymogen form in the presence of 100 mM rCBD (lane 100 1) compared with ;28 –34% in those cells not treated with rCBD (lanes 0 1). Th ...
body fluids and electolytes
... Normally Osmolarity of ECF and ICF are the same (they are isotonic). Why ? Because total concentration of Na+ and other solutes in ECF is equal to total concentration of K+ and other solutes inside the cell. Remember Osmolarity of ECF - 285 mmol/l (275 – 295) ...
... Normally Osmolarity of ECF and ICF are the same (they are isotonic). Why ? Because total concentration of Na+ and other solutes in ECF is equal to total concentration of K+ and other solutes inside the cell. Remember Osmolarity of ECF - 285 mmol/l (275 – 295) ...
Phosphorylation of Bni4 by MAP kinases contributes to septum
... interacts physically with Chs4 (DeMarini et al. 1997), which is the only known CSIII activator, and hence Bni4 contributes directly to the proper localization of active CSIII at the neck and to the correct assembly of the chitin ring (Sanz et al. 2004; Larson et al. 2008). To date it is unclear whet ...
... interacts physically with Chs4 (DeMarini et al. 1997), which is the only known CSIII activator, and hence Bni4 contributes directly to the proper localization of active CSIII at the neck and to the correct assembly of the chitin ring (Sanz et al. 2004; Larson et al. 2008). To date it is unclear whet ...
metabolic regulation
... It is potentially a finer form of regulation because it should: 1 be fast; 2 produce reversible changes (if the effect of whatever interacts with the enzyme is reversible); 3 allow fine tuning of metabolic flow rates, rather than just switching flow on or off (if changes in enzyme activity can be ma ...
... It is potentially a finer form of regulation because it should: 1 be fast; 2 produce reversible changes (if the effect of whatever interacts with the enzyme is reversible); 3 allow fine tuning of metabolic flow rates, rather than just switching flow on or off (if changes in enzyme activity can be ma ...
symmetry breaking in cellular systems
... (Mills et al., 1998). In the bead system, the tension is related to the thickness of the gel layer. Thus, the analogous effect of decreased contractility (leading to a lower tension) in the bead system is a decrease in gel thickness. For example, this can be achieved by adding actin-depolymerizing f ...
... (Mills et al., 1998). In the bead system, the tension is related to the thickness of the gel layer. Thus, the analogous effect of decreased contractility (leading to a lower tension) in the bead system is a decrease in gel thickness. For example, this can be achieved by adding actin-depolymerizing f ...
Cellular Computing
... – DNA is a storage medium for programs – There is evidence for abstract structure in the genetic program A hierarchy of structure in complex organisms An ability to mutuate one structure at a time Divergent implementations of the same structure – Gene expression is the means of execution ...
... – DNA is a storage medium for programs – There is evidence for abstract structure in the genetic program A hierarchy of structure in complex organisms An ability to mutuate one structure at a time Divergent implementations of the same structure – Gene expression is the means of execution ...
Bioorthogonal chemical imaging of metabolic activities in live
... in brain with cellular resolution has been a long-standing challenge. Biomacromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids are made of repeated small-molecule building blocks either derived from glucose glycolysis intermediates or directly from nutrients like amino acids, choline, fatty ac ...
... in brain with cellular resolution has been a long-standing challenge. Biomacromolecules including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids are made of repeated small-molecule building blocks either derived from glucose glycolysis intermediates or directly from nutrients like amino acids, choline, fatty ac ...
Nuclear accumulation of hepatitis B virus preS fragments
... (Kasamatsu et al., 1983; Elliott and O’Hare, 1997), besides performing their primary functions as structural components. Accordingly, we have investigated the putative role of free preS proteins in the viral life cycle. To achieve this, fluorescently labeled preS(1-174) proteins of the LHBs were exo ...
... (Kasamatsu et al., 1983; Elliott and O’Hare, 1997), besides performing their primary functions as structural components. Accordingly, we have investigated the putative role of free preS proteins in the viral life cycle. To achieve this, fluorescently labeled preS(1-174) proteins of the LHBs were exo ...
Programmed cell death during plant growth and development
... degenerating cells of Phaseolus and Tropaeolum suspensors contain numerous and varied vesicles surrounded by 2, 4 or even 8 membranes (Nagl, 1976). These appear to be autophagic vesicles where the included cytoplasm exhibits degenerative changes. Later during autolysis, large autolytic vacuoles form ...
... degenerating cells of Phaseolus and Tropaeolum suspensors contain numerous and varied vesicles surrounded by 2, 4 or even 8 membranes (Nagl, 1976). These appear to be autophagic vesicles where the included cytoplasm exhibits degenerative changes. Later during autolysis, large autolytic vacuoles form ...
Studies on the Bacterial Component of Soybean Root
... of host cells of the central tissue, These threads traversed dividing cells whose nuclei were in various stages of mitosis, and free bacteria were also seen in dividing host cells. Infection threads were difficult to find in the cells of 2 weeks or older nodules, although many dividing cells contain ...
... of host cells of the central tissue, These threads traversed dividing cells whose nuclei were in various stages of mitosis, and free bacteria were also seen in dividing host cells. Infection threads were difficult to find in the cells of 2 weeks or older nodules, although many dividing cells contain ...
Cells_Review_Game_wi..
... Is this active or passive transport? Transport – Goes against concentration gradient and requires energy. ...
... Is this active or passive transport? Transport – Goes against concentration gradient and requires energy. ...
Science Quarter 4 Lessons
... Prior Concepts Related to Species and Reproduction PreK-2: Living things are made up of a variety of structures. Grades 3-5: Individual organisms inherit many traits from their parents indicating a reliable way to transfer information from one generation to the next. Future Application of Concepts G ...
... Prior Concepts Related to Species and Reproduction PreK-2: Living things are made up of a variety of structures. Grades 3-5: Individual organisms inherit many traits from their parents indicating a reliable way to transfer information from one generation to the next. Future Application of Concepts G ...
final round
... b. Penicillin will diffuse into the cell c. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis d. The cell will plasmolyze (correct answer) BACK TO GAME ...
... b. Penicillin will diffuse into the cell c. The cell will undergo osmotic lysis d. The cell will plasmolyze (correct answer) BACK TO GAME ...
Methods for measuring rates of protein binding to insoluble scaffolds
... Understanding of cell regulation is limited by our inability to measure molecular binding rates for proteins within the structural context of living cells, and many systems biology models are hindered because they use values obtained with molecules binding in solution. Here, we present a kinetic ana ...
... Understanding of cell regulation is limited by our inability to measure molecular binding rates for proteins within the structural context of living cells, and many systems biology models are hindered because they use values obtained with molecules binding in solution. Here, we present a kinetic ana ...
The VirE3 protein of Agrobacterium mimics a host cell function
... fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay (Hu et al, 2002). In this approach, a molecule of yellow spectral variant of GFP (YFP) is split into two parts, N-terminal (nYFP) and C-terminal (cYFP), neither of which fluoresces on its own. However, when nYFP and cYFP are brought together as fusions with ...
... fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay (Hu et al, 2002). In this approach, a molecule of yellow spectral variant of GFP (YFP) is split into two parts, N-terminal (nYFP) and C-terminal (cYFP), neither of which fluoresces on its own. However, when nYFP and cYFP are brought together as fusions with ...
Intracellular distribution of histone mRNAs in human fibroblasts studied
... non-membrane-bound mRNAs can exhibit distinct and nonrandom patterns of intracellular localization and that the distribution of a specific mRNA may be related to the distribution of the corresponding protein. For example, in motile chicken myoblasts and fibroblasts actin mRNA is heavily concentrated ...
... non-membrane-bound mRNAs can exhibit distinct and nonrandom patterns of intracellular localization and that the distribution of a specific mRNA may be related to the distribution of the corresponding protein. For example, in motile chicken myoblasts and fibroblasts actin mRNA is heavily concentrated ...
Mediation of Clathrin-Dependent Trafficking during
... SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and impairs fertility, phenotypes similar to those observed for scd1 mutants. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that SCD1 function is dependent upon SCD2 and that together these proteins are required for plasma membrane internalization. Fur ...
... SCD2 function disrupts cytokinesis and cell expansion and impairs fertility, phenotypes similar to those observed for scd1 mutants. Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that SCD1 function is dependent upon SCD2 and that together these proteins are required for plasma membrane internalization. Fur ...
SNAREs: Cogs and Coordinators in Signaling
... bundle of coiled helices that draws the membrane surfaces together for docking and fusion (Fig. 1). Elements of this SNARE complex differ widely in size and structure, but they share common structural motifs, notably those contributing to interactions at the core of the SNARE complex. Within the bun ...
... bundle of coiled helices that draws the membrane surfaces together for docking and fusion (Fig. 1). Elements of this SNARE complex differ widely in size and structure, but they share common structural motifs, notably those contributing to interactions at the core of the SNARE complex. Within the bun ...
Text - Enlighten - University of Glasgow
... incorporate mathematically. For all plant cells, and especially for the guard cell, the essential homeostatic variables comprise cell volume, cell osmolality, water potential and turgor, membrane potential, the predominant ion concentrations – notably K+ , Cl− and, to a lesser extent, total and free ...
... incorporate mathematically. For all plant cells, and especially for the guard cell, the essential homeostatic variables comprise cell volume, cell osmolality, water potential and turgor, membrane potential, the predominant ion concentrations – notably K+ , Cl− and, to a lesser extent, total and free ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.