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... blasts). This reorganization is believed to involve neta cell’s developmental potential during ontogeny (Wilson, 1925; Freeman, 1979). The idea that such localiza- works of microfilaments located in the subcortical and tions help to establish distinct cell populations is sup- cortical cytoplasm. In ...
... blasts). This reorganization is believed to involve neta cell’s developmental potential during ontogeny (Wilson, 1925; Freeman, 1979). The idea that such localiza- works of microfilaments located in the subcortical and tions help to establish distinct cell populations is sup- cortical cytoplasm. In ...
Cell Structure and Functions
... Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy? a. concentration b. collision c. active transport d. passive transport The invention of the light microscope differed from earlier microscopes as it a. did not use an oil lamp for lighting. b. use ...
... Which term refers to the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell’s energy? a. concentration b. collision c. active transport d. passive transport The invention of the light microscope differed from earlier microscopes as it a. did not use an oil lamp for lighting. b. use ...
FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES
... Protoplast is a wall-less gram positive cell. Spheroplast is a wall-less gram-negative cell. L forms are wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes. Protoplasts and spheroplasts are susceptible to osmotic lysis. ...
... Protoplast is a wall-less gram positive cell. Spheroplast is a wall-less gram-negative cell. L forms are wall-less cells that swell into irregular shapes. Protoplasts and spheroplasts are susceptible to osmotic lysis. ...
SHAPE CONTROL IN THE HUMAN RED CELL
... shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completion of the slow process conditions the cell, so that it can respond rapidly to addition of ATP, even at 6°C. From this they suggested that membrane protei ...
... shape change, one slow and one rapid (Jinbu, Nakao, Otsuka & Sato, 1983; Jinbu, Sato & Nakao, 1984a; Jinbu, Sato, Nakao & Tsukita, 19846). Completion of the slow process conditions the cell, so that it can respond rapidly to addition of ATP, even at 6°C. From this they suggested that membrane protei ...
A family of abundant plasma membrane
... Gaithersburg, MD) for ease of handling. Suspension cells and organized tissues were dehydrated and embedded in L. R. White resin (London Resin Co., Basingtoke, England) at sub-zero temperatures (Wells, 1985), with the exception that the 1:1 ethanol/resin mixture was cooled to only -20°C. Sections we ...
... Gaithersburg, MD) for ease of handling. Suspension cells and organized tissues were dehydrated and embedded in L. R. White resin (London Resin Co., Basingtoke, England) at sub-zero temperatures (Wells, 1985), with the exception that the 1:1 ethanol/resin mixture was cooled to only -20°C. Sections we ...
Kingdom Protista A Mixed Bag of Organisms
... cells contain __________________ of different sizes and shapes. ...
... cells contain __________________ of different sizes and shapes. ...
1 1 2 3 4 5 Wnt proteins can direct planar cell polarity in
... of instructing it similar to Wnt5a (Figure 2-figure supplement 1, Figure 3-figure supplement 2). ...
... of instructing it similar to Wnt5a (Figure 2-figure supplement 1, Figure 3-figure supplement 2). ...
Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of
... treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primarily responsible for generating membrane potential [28,29]. Therefore, changes in membrane potential may c ...
... treatment (Fig 4), and this implies that H2O2 possibly activates plasma membrane H+-ATPase, which will cause a more acidification of cell wall. In plant cells, plasma membrane H+-ATPase is primarily responsible for generating membrane potential [28,29]. Therefore, changes in membrane potential may c ...
Evidence for inducible recruitment of Wiskott
... F-actin formation by WASp relies on two processes: the recruitment of WASp to the SLP-76 signalling complex and the activation of WASp by the Rho family GTPase Cdc42.30 Thus, it has been suggested that the recruitment of WASp to the plasma membranes is mediated by the SLP-76 protein.14 In addition, ...
... F-actin formation by WASp relies on two processes: the recruitment of WASp to the SLP-76 signalling complex and the activation of WASp by the Rho family GTPase Cdc42.30 Thus, it has been suggested that the recruitment of WASp to the plasma membranes is mediated by the SLP-76 protein.14 In addition, ...
Chapter 4 Review Questions
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
... 39. The statement “Cells are produced only from existing cells” is part of the ____________________. 40. The ratio of surface area to ____________________ puts limitations on a cell’s size. 41. Eukaryotic cells are much larger and have more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells because they c ...
[Frontiers in Bioscience, 5, d50-57, January 1, 2000] THE CONTROL
... multisubunit complex that promotes the proteosomemediated proteolysis of key regulators of mitosis. However, very little is known about the functions of the individual APC/C components and how the function of these components is regulated. Is the activity of the APC/C an all-or-nothing mechanism ? I ...
... multisubunit complex that promotes the proteosomemediated proteolysis of key regulators of mitosis. However, very little is known about the functions of the individual APC/C components and how the function of these components is regulated. Is the activity of the APC/C an all-or-nothing mechanism ? I ...
Exploring Bioinorganic Pattern Formation in Diatoms. A Story of
... pleuralin-1, is precisely restricted to the most terminal girdle band (known as the pleural band) of the epitheca (Fig. 2), in the region of overlap with the hypotheca. During cell division it also becomes associated with the pleural band of the hypotheca, at a time when the parental hypotheca is fu ...
... pleuralin-1, is precisely restricted to the most terminal girdle band (known as the pleural band) of the epitheca (Fig. 2), in the region of overlap with the hypotheca. During cell division it also becomes associated with the pleural band of the hypotheca, at a time when the parental hypotheca is fu ...
Distinct fluorescent pattern of KAT1::GFP in the plasma membrane of
... cells lipid rafts have been described as an important factor for the localisation of ion channels in certain domains in the PM (Martens et al., 2004). For plant ion channels mechanisms which determine their localisation in microdomains have not been identified. Recently Sutter et al. (2006) demonstra ...
... cells lipid rafts have been described as an important factor for the localisation of ion channels in certain domains in the PM (Martens et al., 2004). For plant ion channels mechanisms which determine their localisation in microdomains have not been identified. Recently Sutter et al. (2006) demonstra ...
How and why cells grow as rods Open Access Fred Chang
... is mechanical anisotropy in plant cell walls, or whether they are more like the fission yeast cell wall. It is important to note that the anisotropy of growth (elongation along only one axis) can occur using either anisotropic or isotropic wall material; in fact, isotropic material can be used to co ...
... is mechanical anisotropy in plant cell walls, or whether they are more like the fission yeast cell wall. It is important to note that the anisotropy of growth (elongation along only one axis) can occur using either anisotropic or isotropic wall material; in fact, isotropic material can be used to co ...
Diel patterns of growth and division
... 1993). Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are closely related cyanobacteria with different sizes and light-harvesting antenna systems that enable them to occupy different ecological niches (for a review, see Partensky et al. 1999a). In contrast, picoeukaryotes constitute a much wider taxonomic assemb ...
... 1993). Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus are closely related cyanobacteria with different sizes and light-harvesting antenna systems that enable them to occupy different ecological niches (for a review, see Partensky et al. 1999a). In contrast, picoeukaryotes constitute a much wider taxonomic assemb ...
Vacuolar Function in the Phosphate Homeostasis of the Yeast
... NMR, we examined the changes of intracellular phosphorous metabolites both in the cytosol and the vacuole under the phosphate starvation. Wild-type (YW5-1B) cells were grown to exponential phase in SD medium, and transferred to SD(—P^ medium, then the amounts of intracellular phosphorous compounds w ...
... NMR, we examined the changes of intracellular phosphorous metabolites both in the cytosol and the vacuole under the phosphate starvation. Wild-type (YW5-1B) cells were grown to exponential phase in SD medium, and transferred to SD(—P^ medium, then the amounts of intracellular phosphorous compounds w ...
The role of cytosolic proteins in the insertion of tail
... proteins and their salt-resistant association to the cytosolic leaflet of the bilayer (Brambillasca et al., 2005), has led to important advances in our understanding of the mechanisms used by this class of proteins to insert into the ER membrane. The analysis of the membrane components involved and ...
... proteins and their salt-resistant association to the cytosolic leaflet of the bilayer (Brambillasca et al., 2005), has led to important advances in our understanding of the mechanisms used by this class of proteins to insert into the ER membrane. The analysis of the membrane components involved and ...
Midbodies and phragmoplasts: analogous structures
... midbody matrix. The midbody microtubules are stabilized and crosslinked by several kinesins, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), kinases and other proteins, such as MKLP1/ZEN-4/PAV, MgcRACGAP/CYK-4, PRC1/SPD-1/FEO/Ase1p, chTOG/ZYG-9/Msps, TACC/TAC-1, CLIP-170, EB1, KLP61F/BimC, and the chromosom ...
... midbody matrix. The midbody microtubules are stabilized and crosslinked by several kinesins, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), kinases and other proteins, such as MKLP1/ZEN-4/PAV, MgcRACGAP/CYK-4, PRC1/SPD-1/FEO/Ase1p, chTOG/ZYG-9/Msps, TACC/TAC-1, CLIP-170, EB1, KLP61F/BimC, and the chromosom ...
... belong to the group of flavonoids and are glycosides of anthocyanidin, i.e. they consist of an anthocyanidin molecule which is joins to a sugar molecule by a glycosidic bond (Figure 1) [2]. These compounds are mainly used as additives in pharmaceutical and food industry, or additives. It has been re ...
Molecular encounters at microtubule ends in the plant cell cortex
... Microtubules from nucleation to establishment of cortical arrays. (a) Microtubule assembly and disassembly. MTs are polymers of a/b tubulin heterodimers. A typical MT is composed of 13 linear protofilaments resulting from head-to-tail arrangement of heterodimers. Lateral association of protofilament ...
... Microtubules from nucleation to establishment of cortical arrays. (a) Microtubule assembly and disassembly. MTs are polymers of a/b tubulin heterodimers. A typical MT is composed of 13 linear protofilaments resulting from head-to-tail arrangement of heterodimers. Lateral association of protofilament ...
secretion and endocytosis in insulin
... Reaction product is seen in small vesicles, tubules, irregularly shaped bodies and in a few multivesicular and dense bodies (Fig. 14). While extensive uptake is not seen in every depleted cell at a given time after insulin, the majority of adrenalin cells do contain many bodies with peroxidase. When ...
... Reaction product is seen in small vesicles, tubules, irregularly shaped bodies and in a few multivesicular and dense bodies (Fig. 14). While extensive uptake is not seen in every depleted cell at a given time after insulin, the majority of adrenalin cells do contain many bodies with peroxidase. When ...
Receptor-like Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase Enhances Cell Surface
... receptors, ion channels, and cell adhesion molecules to dephosphorylate and activate Src family kinases (2–9). In this manner PTP␣ affects many fundamental cellular processes, including mitosis (10 –12), migration (13–15), proliferation (16, 17), and transformation and tumorigenesis (5, 18). PTP␣ is ...
... receptors, ion channels, and cell adhesion molecules to dephosphorylate and activate Src family kinases (2–9). In this manner PTP␣ affects many fundamental cellular processes, including mitosis (10 –12), migration (13–15), proliferation (16, 17), and transformation and tumorigenesis (5, 18). PTP␣ is ...
J153
... for the repeating distance of bipolar plates in the stack, in keeping with the US-DOE target for volumetric power density of 2 kW/L. Flow field design has been shown to play a key role in influencing the water flooding in the channels. Both serpentine and interdigitated flow fields have shown reduce ...
... for the repeating distance of bipolar plates in the stack, in keeping with the US-DOE target for volumetric power density of 2 kW/L. Flow field design has been shown to play a key role in influencing the water flooding in the channels. Both serpentine and interdigitated flow fields have shown reduce ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.