Understanding the role of cholesterol in cellular biomechanics and
... to the oxidized form of LDL (oxLDL) particles also led to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. LDL particles are complex structures formed of different lipids and the proteins ApoB [49]. Oxidation of these particles leads to changes such as loss of antioxidant molecules, formation of shiff’s ba ...
... to the oxidized form of LDL (oxLDL) particles also led to reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. LDL particles are complex structures formed of different lipids and the proteins ApoB [49]. Oxidation of these particles leads to changes such as loss of antioxidant molecules, formation of shiff’s ba ...
Diffusion
... Diffusion across a thin film. The solute molecules diffuse from the well-mixed higher concentration, C1, to the well-mixed lower concentration, C2. The concentrations on both sides of the film are kept constant. At steady state, the concentrations remain constant at all points in the film. The conc ...
... Diffusion across a thin film. The solute molecules diffuse from the well-mixed higher concentration, C1, to the well-mixed lower concentration, C2. The concentrations on both sides of the film are kept constant. At steady state, the concentrations remain constant at all points in the film. The conc ...
The role of protein–protein interactions in the intracellular traffic of
... function: First, many ion channels require additional regulatory subunits to acquire their typical biophysical properties such as gating and inactivation kinetics; this applies for sodium channels [15], potassium channels [84, 118], calcium channels [21] and chloride channels [102]. Second, some ion ...
... function: First, many ion channels require additional regulatory subunits to acquire their typical biophysical properties such as gating and inactivation kinetics; this applies for sodium channels [15], potassium channels [84, 118], calcium channels [21] and chloride channels [102]. Second, some ion ...
MORPHOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS
... Describe the nuclear and cytoplasmic features of necrosis. Define and briefly describe the patterns of Tissue Necrosis including: Coagulative Necrosis, Liquefactive Necrosis,Gangrenous Necrosis, Caseous Necrosis, Fat Necrosis and Fibrinoid Necrosis. ...
... Describe the nuclear and cytoplasmic features of necrosis. Define and briefly describe the patterns of Tissue Necrosis including: Coagulative Necrosis, Liquefactive Necrosis,Gangrenous Necrosis, Caseous Necrosis, Fat Necrosis and Fibrinoid Necrosis. ...
ECM and Drusen
... The first clinical indication of AMD is the presence of drusen. However, with age and prior to the formation of drusen, extracellular basal deposits accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BrM). Many studies on the molecular composition of the basal deposits and ...
... The first clinical indication of AMD is the presence of drusen. However, with age and prior to the formation of drusen, extracellular basal deposits accumulate between the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch’s membrane (BrM). Many studies on the molecular composition of the basal deposits and ...
CycD1, a Putative G1 Cyclin from Antirrhinum majus, Accelerates
... The Arath;CycD1;1 mutant plants have no obvious phenotype (O. Koroleva and J. Doonan, unpublished data). However, overexpression of selected D cyclin genes indicates that two of the three main groups have different functions. Thus, Arath;CycD2;1 appears to be rate limiting for progression through G1 ...
... The Arath;CycD1;1 mutant plants have no obvious phenotype (O. Koroleva and J. Doonan, unpublished data). However, overexpression of selected D cyclin genes indicates that two of the three main groups have different functions. Thus, Arath;CycD2;1 appears to be rate limiting for progression through G1 ...
Depletion of Calcium from the Lumen of Endoplasmic Reticulum
... medium had essentially no effect on the nuclear transport of nucleoplasmin (Figs. 1 and 2). After 30 min of incubation, the nuclear/cytoplasmic concentration ratio of the injected protein was '~4.3 (Fig. 2). In the presence of normal calcium-containing medium, a similar accumulation of nucleoplasmin ...
... medium had essentially no effect on the nuclear transport of nucleoplasmin (Figs. 1 and 2). After 30 min of incubation, the nuclear/cytoplasmic concentration ratio of the injected protein was '~4.3 (Fig. 2). In the presence of normal calcium-containing medium, a similar accumulation of nucleoplasmin ...
Microreviews in Cell and Molecular Biology
... identity. Dynamin B is a nuclear-encoded protein, which is synthesized as preprotein in the cytosol, shuttled for processing to mitochondria, and returned in mature form to the cytosol, where it interacts with a distinct subset of organelle membranes, the plasma membrane, and cytoskeletal structures ...
... identity. Dynamin B is a nuclear-encoded protein, which is synthesized as preprotein in the cytosol, shuttled for processing to mitochondria, and returned in mature form to the cytosol, where it interacts with a distinct subset of organelle membranes, the plasma membrane, and cytoskeletal structures ...
Enzymes: “Helper” Protein molecules
... fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space mitochondrial matrix DNA, ribosomes & enzymes ...
... fluid-filled space between 2 membranes internal fluid-filled space mitochondrial matrix DNA, ribosomes & enzymes ...
Plant Cell Wall Proteins: A Large Body of Data, but What about
... It is difficult to obtain a high coverage of the complete set of proteins present in cell walls because of the lack of surrounding membrane which can result in the loss of CWPs during the isolation procedure [66]. CWPs can have little or no interactions with cell wall components and thus move freely ...
... It is difficult to obtain a high coverage of the complete set of proteins present in cell walls because of the lack of surrounding membrane which can result in the loss of CWPs during the isolation procedure [66]. CWPs can have little or no interactions with cell wall components and thus move freely ...
A novel live cell assay to measure diacylglycerol lipase α activity
... Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) hydrolyses DAG to generate the principal endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system. DAGLα dependent cannabinoid (CB) signalling has been implicated in numerous processes including axonal growth and guidance, adult neurogenesis a ...
... Diacylglycerol lipase α (DAGLα) hydrolyses DAG to generate the principal endocannabinoid (eCB) 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the central nervous system. DAGLα dependent cannabinoid (CB) signalling has been implicated in numerous processes including axonal growth and guidance, adult neurogenesis a ...
Chewing the fat on natural killer T cell development
... Lysosomal degradation of glycolipids involves at least two steps. First, glycolipids (and some proteins) in the limiting membrane (the outer lysosomal membrane) of the lysosome are packaged into intraluminal vesicles that bud into the luminal space of the lysosome. Second, these intraluminal vesicle ...
... Lysosomal degradation of glycolipids involves at least two steps. First, glycolipids (and some proteins) in the limiting membrane (the outer lysosomal membrane) of the lysosome are packaged into intraluminal vesicles that bud into the luminal space of the lysosome. Second, these intraluminal vesicle ...
Q5D - ICH
... cryoprotectants and media used, and the conditions employed for cryopreservation and storage. Manufacturers should describe the procedures used to avoid microbial contamination and cross-contamination by other cell types present in the laboratory, and the procedures that allow the cell bank containe ...
... cryoprotectants and media used, and the conditions employed for cryopreservation and storage. Manufacturers should describe the procedures used to avoid microbial contamination and cross-contamination by other cell types present in the laboratory, and the procedures that allow the cell bank containe ...
The Par3/Par6/aPKC Complex and Epithelial Cell Polarity
... Specification of the highly polarized surfaces is fulfilled by precisely temporal and spatial localization of polarity proteins or other molecules including various lipids. At the molecular level, epithelial cell polarity is mainly controlled by a conserved set of polarity proteins in both vertebrat ...
... Specification of the highly polarized surfaces is fulfilled by precisely temporal and spatial localization of polarity proteins or other molecules including various lipids. At the molecular level, epithelial cell polarity is mainly controlled by a conserved set of polarity proteins in both vertebrat ...
Autophagy in the Eukaryotic Cell - CiteSeerX
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
... pathways. Modulation of this system is accomplished in part through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation reactions and through interactions with factors specific for macroautophagy or for the Cvt pathway (45, 53, 100). However, this general scenario is complicated by the fact that other protein kina ...
Section 3 Cell Organelles and Features
... Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ...
Tissues Response to Injury
... 55.7 And the heaven, He raised it high, and He made the balance 55.8 That you may not be inordinate in respect of the measure. 55.9 And keep up the balance with equity and do not make the measure deficient. 55.10 And the earth, He has set it for living creatures; 55.11 Therein is fruit and palms hav ...
... 55.7 And the heaven, He raised it high, and He made the balance 55.8 That you may not be inordinate in respect of the measure. 55.9 And keep up the balance with equity and do not make the measure deficient. 55.10 And the earth, He has set it for living creatures; 55.11 Therein is fruit and palms hav ...
THEME: HORMONAL DRUGS
... the respective receptors or inhibit the synthesis of hormones. The primary action of hormones is localized at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane or intracellular. Some hormones (group of peptides and proteins) interact with specific receptors on the outer surface of cell membranes. Many of these ...
... the respective receptors or inhibit the synthesis of hormones. The primary action of hormones is localized at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane or intracellular. Some hormones (group of peptides and proteins) interact with specific receptors on the outer surface of cell membranes. Many of these ...
PDF + SI - Journal of Cell Science
... in silico predictions and explore conservation of function in an organism highly divergent from animals and yeast. Results Retromer is a universal eukaryotic feature ...
... in silico predictions and explore conservation of function in an organism highly divergent from animals and yeast. Results Retromer is a universal eukaryotic feature ...
Nuclear Localization and Interaction with COP1 Are Required for
... the bbx24-1 mutant background. Our results indicate that the degradation of BBX24 occurs, or at least is initiated in the nucleus, and this nuclear localization is a prerequisite to fulfill its function in light signaling. Moreover, mutations in the region responsible for the interaction with COP1 r ...
... the bbx24-1 mutant background. Our results indicate that the degradation of BBX24 occurs, or at least is initiated in the nucleus, and this nuclear localization is a prerequisite to fulfill its function in light signaling. Moreover, mutations in the region responsible for the interaction with COP1 r ...
The Arabidopsis Exocyst Complex Is Involved in Cytokinesis and
... regulated distribution of endomembranes, organelles, and genomes between daughter cells. Secretory pathways supported by the activity of the Golgi apparatus play a crucial role in cytokinesis in plants. From the onset of phragmoplast initiation to the maturation of the cell plate, delivery of secret ...
... regulated distribution of endomembranes, organelles, and genomes between daughter cells. Secretory pathways supported by the activity of the Golgi apparatus play a crucial role in cytokinesis in plants. From the onset of phragmoplast initiation to the maturation of the cell plate, delivery of secret ...
Multiple Exocytotic Markers Accumulate at the Sites of Perifungal
... Golgi stacks in the PPA aggregate was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, where several piles of Golgi cisternae were detected (Fig. 1J), associated with an extensive tubular–vesicular trans-Golgi network (Fig. 1K). Taken together, these observations indicate that Golg ...
... Golgi stacks in the PPA aggregate was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, where several piles of Golgi cisternae were detected (Fig. 1J), associated with an extensive tubular–vesicular trans-Golgi network (Fig. 1K). Taken together, these observations indicate that Golg ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.