Divergent Roles for Maize PAN1 and PAN2 Receptor
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
... (Figure 1, arrowhead 1 in A and arrowhead in B), becoming more enriched at the cell plate later in areas where the phragmoplast has already disassembled and as the cell plate is attaching to the mother cell wall (Fig. 1A, arrowheads 2 and 3). Shortly after completion of the new subsidiary cell wall, ...
Contract Monoclonal Antibody Production
... cell line drift. Continuous monitoring and cell line certification is therefore essential. At SLI, large seed stocks can be maintained for each hybridoma cell line where they are closely monitored for hybridoma viability, the absence of microbes, antibody expression and isotype uniformity. After the ...
... cell line drift. Continuous monitoring and cell line certification is therefore essential. At SLI, large seed stocks can be maintained for each hybridoma cell line where they are closely monitored for hybridoma viability, the absence of microbes, antibody expression and isotype uniformity. After the ...
The study of cell cycle control is entering a new and exciting phase
... biological techniques have been used to investigate this gene and we shall now summarize what these recent studies have shown concerning the molecular role of this gene function in the cell. Plasmids containing the cdc2 and cdc28 genes have been isolated from gene banks by virtue of their ability to ...
... biological techniques have been used to investigate this gene and we shall now summarize what these recent studies have shown concerning the molecular role of this gene function in the cell. Plasmids containing the cdc2 and cdc28 genes have been isolated from gene banks by virtue of their ability to ...
Common infection strategies of plant and animal pathogenic bacteria
... planta or when transfected into protoplasts strongly suggests that these effectors are translocated into the plant cell during the natural infection [28,29]. It should be noted that effector proteins act not only as avirulence factors. Effector proteins presumably provide a selective advantage for ...
... planta or when transfected into protoplasts strongly suggests that these effectors are translocated into the plant cell during the natural infection [28,29]. It should be noted that effector proteins act not only as avirulence factors. Effector proteins presumably provide a selective advantage for ...
perinuclear dense bodies: characterization as dna
... nucleus the DNA is evenly distributed throughout the nucleus and that its location is not restricted to a certain part of the giant primary nucleus. The distinct labelling of the PB by the DNase-coated gold particles represents additional evidence for the occurrence of DNA in the perinuclear region, ...
... nucleus the DNA is evenly distributed throughout the nucleus and that its location is not restricted to a certain part of the giant primary nucleus. The distinct labelling of the PB by the DNase-coated gold particles represents additional evidence for the occurrence of DNA in the perinuclear region, ...
Developmental roles of Rhomboid proteases
... duplication events and structural alterations have sculpted the varied roles of this protein family, maintaining a conserved structural core throughout the bacterial, plant and animal kingdoms. Unresolved questions pop up at many junctions. This review will focus on a distinct class of Rhomboid prot ...
... duplication events and structural alterations have sculpted the varied roles of this protein family, maintaining a conserved structural core throughout the bacterial, plant and animal kingdoms. Unresolved questions pop up at many junctions. This review will focus on a distinct class of Rhomboid prot ...
Cell surface mechanics and the control of cell shape, tissue patterns
... The morphogenesis of biological tissues underlies several developmental processes in plants and animals and is required for the basic organization of embryos and for organ formation. Despite the tremendous diversity of shapes in multicellular organisms, all animals derive from a set of basic body pl ...
... The morphogenesis of biological tissues underlies several developmental processes in plants and animals and is required for the basic organization of embryos and for organ formation. Despite the tremendous diversity of shapes in multicellular organisms, all animals derive from a set of basic body pl ...
OF PISUM SATIVUM L. (a) Source of Material
... different in the two fixatives (Plate 6, Figs. 3 and 4). The cells had a large resting nucleus containing ribosome-like particles in the nucleoplasm; these were often clumped. The cytoplasm contained sparsely distributed ribosomes, and differentiated, but immature, mitochondria and plastids. The pla ...
... different in the two fixatives (Plate 6, Figs. 3 and 4). The cells had a large resting nucleus containing ribosome-like particles in the nucleoplasm; these were often clumped. The cytoplasm contained sparsely distributed ribosomes, and differentiated, but immature, mitochondria and plastids. The pla ...
Measurements of Single Molecules in Solution and Live Cells
... spectroscopy and imaging, the molecule in the probe volume is most probably the molecule that just diffused out, turned around, and diffused back in, i.e. reentered. Most people consider reentries a major problem. The challenging goal is the theoretical and experimental demonstration of reentries of ...
... spectroscopy and imaging, the molecule in the probe volume is most probably the molecule that just diffused out, turned around, and diffused back in, i.e. reentered. Most people consider reentries a major problem. The challenging goal is the theoretical and experimental demonstration of reentries of ...
cells
... “optical sectioning” of fluorescently-stained specimens. Only a single plane of focus is illuminated; out-of-focus fluorescence above and below the plane is subtracted by a computer. A sharp image results, as seen in stained nervous tissue (top), where nerve cells are green, support cells are red, a ...
... “optical sectioning” of fluorescently-stained specimens. Only a single plane of focus is illuminated; out-of-focus fluorescence above and below the plane is subtracted by a computer. A sharp image results, as seen in stained nervous tissue (top), where nerve cells are green, support cells are red, a ...
Pore-Forming Proteins and Adaptation of Living Organisms to
... The cell membrane is the primary barrier in contacts of a living organism with the environment or other species. No wonder that in the course of evolution most living organisms have acquired the capacity to secret compounds that alter permeability of membranes of hostile cells [1, 2]. An intriguing ...
... The cell membrane is the primary barrier in contacts of a living organism with the environment or other species. No wonder that in the course of evolution most living organisms have acquired the capacity to secret compounds that alter permeability of membranes of hostile cells [1, 2]. An intriguing ...
Test Bank - rsffa.org
... ____ 10. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can pass through the cell wall. _________________________ ____ 11. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentrati ...
... ____ 10. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and some other substances can pass through the cell wall. _________________________ ____ 11. Once equilibrium is reached, roughly equal numbers of molecules move in either direction across a semipermeable membrane, and there is no further change in concentrati ...
Gamete Handling and Fertilization
... concentration increased. This may be due to interference with the jelly coat of the egg, which attracts the sperm to the egg for fertilization. LiCl showed a dose-dependent effect on the development embryos, as well as a teratogenic effect (Becchetti and Whitaker, 1997), an event supported by these ...
... concentration increased. This may be due to interference with the jelly coat of the egg, which attracts the sperm to the egg for fertilization. LiCl showed a dose-dependent effect on the development embryos, as well as a teratogenic effect (Becchetti and Whitaker, 1997), an event supported by these ...
Newly Synthesized Catalytic and Regulatory Components of
... channels in molluscan neurons (Kandel et al., 1983; Novak Hofer et al., 1985), are important regulatory mechanisms for modifying the properties of neurons. CAMP and calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation may also be involved in regulating neurotransmitter synthesis in cultured sympathetic neurons ...
... channels in molluscan neurons (Kandel et al., 1983; Novak Hofer et al., 1985), are important regulatory mechanisms for modifying the properties of neurons. CAMP and calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation may also be involved in regulating neurotransmitter synthesis in cultured sympathetic neurons ...
The Arabidopsis SPIKE1 Gene Is Required for Normal Cell Shape
... al., 1999; Burk et al., 2001). The ZWI and FRA2 gene products share amino acid sequence identity with the known microtubule binding proteins kinesin and katanin, respectively. In the case of ZWI (also known as KCBP), minus end–directed motor activity has been determined experimentally (Song et al., ...
... al., 1999; Burk et al., 2001). The ZWI and FRA2 gene products share amino acid sequence identity with the known microtubule binding proteins kinesin and katanin, respectively. In the case of ZWI (also known as KCBP), minus end–directed motor activity has been determined experimentally (Song et al., ...
Lecture_8
... and motility. Two subunits of this protein complex are actin-related proteins (ARPs) belonging to the Arp2 and Arp3 subfamilies. The Arp3 subunit localizes to the surface of stationary bacteria and the tails of motile bacteria in tissue culture cells infected with L. monocytogenes; this is consisten ...
... and motility. Two subunits of this protein complex are actin-related proteins (ARPs) belonging to the Arp2 and Arp3 subfamilies. The Arp3 subunit localizes to the surface of stationary bacteria and the tails of motile bacteria in tissue culture cells infected with L. monocytogenes; this is consisten ...
Control of the number of cell division rounds in distinct tissues
... embryogenesis, it could conceivably function as a digital clock or timer. Although similar to, but different from the N/C ratio, some factors could simply become exhausted at every cell division, and are not titrated by DNA. This would be too speculative at the moment because no candidate factor/mol ...
... embryogenesis, it could conceivably function as a digital clock or timer. Although similar to, but different from the N/C ratio, some factors could simply become exhausted at every cell division, and are not titrated by DNA. This would be too speculative at the moment because no candidate factor/mol ...
F-Actin-Dependent Endocytosis of Cell Wall
... membranous source that feeds into these compartments of plant cells. Our data suggest that this source is the PM. The nature of BFA compartments remains controversial also because several other studies failed to report such compartments, even in plant cells that have their GA totally disassembled in ...
... membranous source that feeds into these compartments of plant cells. Our data suggest that this source is the PM. The nature of BFA compartments remains controversial also because several other studies failed to report such compartments, even in plant cells that have their GA totally disassembled in ...
Cell Structure Tumor Microenvironment
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
... • The cell is the essential unit of structure and function in living organisms • All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division • All cells have basically the same composition • Energy flow occurs within cells • Cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during ...
Rab cascades and tethering factors in the endomembrane system
... control, inactivation of RabGAP-5 leads to endosomal swelling and a block in transport to the lysosome, whereas overexpression resulted in the loss of EEA1 from endosomes. This indicates that transition through the endocytic pathway is a fine-tuned network controlled by effectors, GEFs and GAPs. It ...
... control, inactivation of RabGAP-5 leads to endosomal swelling and a block in transport to the lysosome, whereas overexpression resulted in the loss of EEA1 from endosomes. This indicates that transition through the endocytic pathway is a fine-tuned network controlled by effectors, GEFs and GAPs. It ...
Division Cycle in Yeast
... phenotypes of the mutants already ex- nuclear division; CK, cytokinesis; CS, cell amined provide information on the in- separation. Other abbreviations: G1, time terdependence of events in the cycle. interval between previous cytokinesis and We shall discuss the conclusions that initiation of DNA sy ...
... phenotypes of the mutants already ex- nuclear division; CK, cytokinesis; CS, cell amined provide information on the in- separation. Other abbreviations: G1, time terdependence of events in the cycle. interval between previous cytokinesis and We shall discuss the conclusions that initiation of DNA sy ...
Introduction Cell Cycle
... continue to increase (for some time) in the absence of DNA replication and cell division. We will see how this behavior has been used to study the coordination and timing of cell cycle processes. At this point, the important conclusion is that under normal growth conditions (in the absence of inhibi ...
... continue to increase (for some time) in the absence of DNA replication and cell division. We will see how this behavior has been used to study the coordination and timing of cell cycle processes. At this point, the important conclusion is that under normal growth conditions (in the absence of inhibi ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.