Inorganic pyrophosphate is located primarily in the mitochondria of
... hormone concentration. However, we have confirmed that higher concentrations of hormone than used in the present study failed to give an additional increase in PP1, as would be expected from our previous studies on the hormone-concentration dependence of the lightscattering response (Quinlan et al., ...
... hormone concentration. However, we have confirmed that higher concentrations of hormone than used in the present study failed to give an additional increase in PP1, as would be expected from our previous studies on the hormone-concentration dependence of the lightscattering response (Quinlan et al., ...
Making parallel lines meet
... Cell Adhesion and Migration, this case nevertheless could fascinate them, concerning as it does the problem of information flowing out of the cell, a flow that is a hallmark of living things but far less well understood than is the typical receptormediated inward flow. And fascination does beget uti ...
... Cell Adhesion and Migration, this case nevertheless could fascinate them, concerning as it does the problem of information flowing out of the cell, a flow that is a hallmark of living things but far less well understood than is the typical receptormediated inward flow. And fascination does beget uti ...
Characterization of the unconventional myosin VIII in plant cells and
... Myosins are a large superfamily of motor proteins which, in association with actin, are involved in intracellular motile processes. In addition to the conventional myosins involved in muscle contractility, there is, in animal cells, a wide range of unconventional myosins implicated in membrane-assoc ...
... Myosins are a large superfamily of motor proteins which, in association with actin, are involved in intracellular motile processes. In addition to the conventional myosins involved in muscle contractility, there is, in animal cells, a wide range of unconventional myosins implicated in membrane-assoc ...
Examination of the endosomal and lysosomal pathways in
... powered, in large part, by motor proteins. The association of the microtubule-based motors, cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin, with a variety of intracellular organelles has been well-documented, and these proteins are believed to provide organelles with a means of moving along polarized arrays of micr ...
... powered, in large part, by motor proteins. The association of the microtubule-based motors, cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin, with a variety of intracellular organelles has been well-documented, and these proteins are believed to provide organelles with a means of moving along polarized arrays of micr ...
Semen WS - St Paul`s School Intranet
... When the sperm has arrived at the ovum its job is almost done. All that remains is for the sperm’s nucleus, contained in the head part of the sperm, to fuse with the ovum nucleus. This occurs in the oviduct (not the uterus!). To gain entry to the ovum the sperm must: a) Burrow through the loose oute ...
... When the sperm has arrived at the ovum its job is almost done. All that remains is for the sperm’s nucleus, contained in the head part of the sperm, to fuse with the ovum nucleus. This occurs in the oviduct (not the uterus!). To gain entry to the ovum the sperm must: a) Burrow through the loose oute ...
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Tubular Structure of Vacuolar
... To understand the spatial configuration of TVMs and their relationship with large vacuoles, we performed 3-D reconstructions of the vacuolar structures from a series of confocal images taken along the z-axis by CLSM. Due to the lack of an appropriate VM processing system, we developed a new software ...
... To understand the spatial configuration of TVMs and their relationship with large vacuoles, we performed 3-D reconstructions of the vacuolar structures from a series of confocal images taken along the z-axis by CLSM. Due to the lack of an appropriate VM processing system, we developed a new software ...
Epithelial differentiation and intercellular junction
... 1985; Levy et al., 1986). Cell contact signalling at the time of compaction appears to regulate the orientation and spatial features of polarisation in blastomeres that are already in a permissive state for this cue (Ziomek and Johnson, 1980; Johnson and Ziomek, 1981a). The cell contact signal is mo ...
... 1985; Levy et al., 1986). Cell contact signalling at the time of compaction appears to regulate the orientation and spatial features of polarisation in blastomeres that are already in a permissive state for this cue (Ziomek and Johnson, 1980; Johnson and Ziomek, 1981a). The cell contact signal is mo ...
Adherens Junctions, Desmosomes and Tight
... persistence within the stratum corneum due to their defective processing can be related with several hyperkeratotic conditions like certain ichthyoses or seasonal/senile dry skin ...
... persistence within the stratum corneum due to their defective processing can be related with several hyperkeratotic conditions like certain ichthyoses or seasonal/senile dry skin ...
Integrin modulation of signaling to transcription factors
... Tournier et al., 1997). A variety of activators of MKK4 and MKK7 have been described, including MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) 1-4, members of the mixed-lineage kinase family and the apoptosis-stimulated kinases (reviewed by Davis, 2000; Garrington and Johnson, 1999). Activated JNK translocates to t ...
... Tournier et al., 1997). A variety of activators of MKK4 and MKK7 have been described, including MAP/ERK kinase kinases (MEKKs) 1-4, members of the mixed-lineage kinase family and the apoptosis-stimulated kinases (reviewed by Davis, 2000; Garrington and Johnson, 1999). Activated JNK translocates to t ...
ELI1 regulates cell expansion and secondary wall
... Plant material and growth conditions The Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col) was used for mutant isolation. The lion’s tail (lit), cobra and pom-pom Col seeds (Hauser et al., 1995) were provided by Maria-Theres Hauser, wol Col seeds (Scheres et al., 1995) by Philip Benfey, kor1 WS seeds (Nic ...
... Plant material and growth conditions The Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col) was used for mutant isolation. The lion’s tail (lit), cobra and pom-pom Col seeds (Hauser et al., 1995) were provided by Maria-Theres Hauser, wol Col seeds (Scheres et al., 1995) by Philip Benfey, kor1 WS seeds (Nic ...
Surface Charge Distribution on the Endothelial Cell of Liver Sinusoids
... LUCIAN GHITESCU and ANTON FIXMAN Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest-79691, Rumania The topography of the charged residues on the endothelial cell surface of liver sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of different size and charge. The tracers ...
... LUCIAN GHITESCU and ANTON FIXMAN Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest-79691, Rumania The topography of the charged residues on the endothelial cell surface of liver sinusoid capillaries was investigated by using electron microscopic tracers of different size and charge. The tracers ...
Mudskipper gill MR cell ion-transport proteins
... crypts, and accessory-type cells were seldom observed (Wilson et al., 1999). Accessory cells are typically associated with active NaCl elimination in marine teleost fishes. It is this apparent lack of accessory cells and the over-abundance of MR cells that suggest a function in addition to NaCl elim ...
... crypts, and accessory-type cells were seldom observed (Wilson et al., 1999). Accessory cells are typically associated with active NaCl elimination in marine teleost fishes. It is this apparent lack of accessory cells and the over-abundance of MR cells that suggest a function in addition to NaCl elim ...
15. THYROID FUNCTION Follicular activity
... are carring them. This provides for a relatively long halflife, which varies depending on the species. Although both TH are available in circulation, the only biologically active hormone is T3. If a cell requires TH stimulation and a molecule of T4 approaches it, then a deiodinase enzyme in the cell ...
... are carring them. This provides for a relatively long halflife, which varies depending on the species. Although both TH are available in circulation, the only biologically active hormone is T3. If a cell requires TH stimulation and a molecule of T4 approaches it, then a deiodinase enzyme in the cell ...
15. THYROID FUNCTION Follicular activity
... Two hormones from the hypothalamus and hypophysis respectively are the main regulators of thyroid activity. In response to low temperature the hypothalamus secretes TRH, which reaches the thyrotropes in the hypophysis through the portal system. In the thyrotropes, it stimulates the production of TSH ...
... Two hormones from the hypothalamus and hypophysis respectively are the main regulators of thyroid activity. In response to low temperature the hypothalamus secretes TRH, which reaches the thyrotropes in the hypophysis through the portal system. In the thyrotropes, it stimulates the production of TSH ...
12-N. Ohno.indd - PJM ONLINE | Polish Journal of Microbiology
... obtained from the cell wall and from those secreted into culture media induced coronary arteritis similar to KS as well as acute anaphylactoid shock in mice (Ohno 2008; Miura et al., 2009; Tada et al., 2006; Nagi-Miura et al., 2006). In addition, we recently reported similar results that the polysac ...
... obtained from the cell wall and from those secreted into culture media induced coronary arteritis similar to KS as well as acute anaphylactoid shock in mice (Ohno 2008; Miura et al., 2009; Tada et al., 2006; Nagi-Miura et al., 2006). In addition, we recently reported similar results that the polysac ...
Augmin Plays a Critical Role in Organizing the
... In higher plant cells, microtubules (MTs) are nucleated and organized in a centrosome-independent manner. It is unclear whether augmin-dependent mechanisms underlie spindle MT organization in plant cells as they do in animal cells. When AUGMIN subunit3 (AUG3), which encodes a homolog of animal dim g ...
... In higher plant cells, microtubules (MTs) are nucleated and organized in a centrosome-independent manner. It is unclear whether augmin-dependent mechanisms underlie spindle MT organization in plant cells as they do in animal cells. When AUGMIN subunit3 (AUG3), which encodes a homolog of animal dim g ...
Figure E Functional classification of crop proteins into COG
... Jana Seifert, [email protected] (JS) ...
... Jana Seifert, [email protected] (JS) ...
Enzymatic lysis of microbial cells
... and glucanase has opened a sufficiently large hole in the cell wall, the plasma membrane and its content are extruded as a protoplast. In osmotic support buffers containing 0.55–1.2 M sucrose or mannitol, the protoplast remains intact, but in dilute buffers it lyses immediately, releasing cytoplasmi ...
... and glucanase has opened a sufficiently large hole in the cell wall, the plasma membrane and its content are extruded as a protoplast. In osmotic support buffers containing 0.55–1.2 M sucrose or mannitol, the protoplast remains intact, but in dilute buffers it lyses immediately, releasing cytoplasmi ...
Asymmetric Cell Divisions: Zygotes of Fucoid Algae as a
... in plants and fucoid algae, there are key mechanistic differences between the two. In many plants, for example, polarity arises in the egg prior to fertilization rather than in the zygote. Plant eggs and zygotes are also buried within the ovule where their development can be influenced by surrounding ...
... in plants and fucoid algae, there are key mechanistic differences between the two. In many plants, for example, polarity arises in the egg prior to fertilization rather than in the zygote. Plant eggs and zygotes are also buried within the ovule where their development can be influenced by surrounding ...
Essays in Biochemistry Volume 39 Chapter 1
... The morphology of vertebrate and invertebrate cells undergoing apoptosis was similar regardless of the initial apoptotic signal. This suggested that a common apoptotic pathway that is activated in response to many different initial stimuli exists in cells. Previous studies with C. elegans in the 198 ...
... The morphology of vertebrate and invertebrate cells undergoing apoptosis was similar regardless of the initial apoptotic signal. This suggested that a common apoptotic pathway that is activated in response to many different initial stimuli exists in cells. Previous studies with C. elegans in the 198 ...
FREE Sample Here
... Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined fun ...
... Ans: Living organisms (1) are chemically complex and highly organized; (2) extract, transform, and use energy from their environment; (3) have the capacity to precisely self-replicate and self-assemble; (4) exploit a chemical interplay with their environment; (5) possess programmatically defined fun ...
Severe osmotic compression triggers a slowdown of
... a volume fraction of typically 20–30%. Osmotically compressed cells will be even more crowded. However, the effects of increasing molecular crowding on cell signaling have not been experimentally investigated and are difficult to predict (1, 26, 28). Increasing the protein concentration increases the ...
... a volume fraction of typically 20–30%. Osmotically compressed cells will be even more crowded. However, the effects of increasing molecular crowding on cell signaling have not been experimentally investigated and are difficult to predict (1, 26, 28). Increasing the protein concentration increases the ...
extracellular matrix remodeling and integrin
... non-muscle myosin II-B. Although this myosin is important for fibroblast cell motility in 3D collagen matrices, it is not required for migration on 2D surfaces. Another difference is that myosin II-B only localizes to cellular extensions when cells are plated within 3D matrices rather than on 2D sur ...
... non-muscle myosin II-B. Although this myosin is important for fibroblast cell motility in 3D collagen matrices, it is not required for migration on 2D surfaces. Another difference is that myosin II-B only localizes to cellular extensions when cells are plated within 3D matrices rather than on 2D sur ...
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid (ICF) or cytoplasmic matrix is the liquid found inside cells. It is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into many compartments.In the eukaryotic cell, the cytosol is within the cell membrane and is part of the cytoplasm, which also comprises the mitochondria, plastids, and other organelles (but not their internal fluids and structures); the cell nucleus is separate. In prokaryotes, most of the chemical reactions of metabolism take place in the cytosol, while a few take place in membranes or in the periplasmic space. In eukaryotes, while many metabolic pathways still occur in the cytosol, others are contained within organelles.The cytosol is a complex mixture of substances dissolved in water. Although water forms the large majority of the cytosol, its structure and properties within cells is not well understood. The concentrations of ions such as sodium and potassium are different in the cytosol than in the extracellular fluid; these differences in ion levels are important in processes such as osmoregulation, cell signaling, and the generation of action potentials in excitable cells such as endocrine, nerve and muscle cells. The cytosol also contains large amounts of macromolecules, which can alter how molecules behave, through macromolecular crowding.Although it was once thought to be a simple solution of molecules, the cytosol has multiple levels of organization. These include concentration gradients of small molecules such as calcium, large complexes of enzymes that act together to carry out metabolic pathways, and protein complexes such as proteasomes and carboxysomes that enclose and separate parts of the cytosol.