Seifert et al Fgf8 Dev2009
... regulated by Fgf8. We therefore examined the distribution of Fgf8 protein and report that, although it is present in the AER, Fgf8 is undetectable in the genital tubercle. Thus, Fgf8 is transcribed, but the signaling pathway is not activated during normal genital development. A phylogenetic survey o ...
... regulated by Fgf8. We therefore examined the distribution of Fgf8 protein and report that, although it is present in the AER, Fgf8 is undetectable in the genital tubercle. Thus, Fgf8 is transcribed, but the signaling pathway is not activated during normal genital development. A phylogenetic survey o ...
Weak-base amines inhibit the anterograde-to
... 1980). In the cell bodies, HRP appears in secondary lysosomes (Broadwell & Brightman, 1979). These observations suggest that retrograde organelles are intermediates in an endocytic pathway that utlimately delivers endocytosed membranous components to lysosomes where they are catabolized. A considera ...
... 1980). In the cell bodies, HRP appears in secondary lysosomes (Broadwell & Brightman, 1979). These observations suggest that retrograde organelles are intermediates in an endocytic pathway that utlimately delivers endocytosed membranous components to lysosomes where they are catabolized. A considera ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
... axonal pathology. We have to bear in mind that, although some parts of the degenerative cascade might indeed be similar in different pathologies, their origins may vary fundamentally. Membrane disruption in traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, for example, might eventually result in calcium influx ...
... axonal pathology. We have to bear in mind that, although some parts of the degenerative cascade might indeed be similar in different pathologies, their origins may vary fundamentally. Membrane disruption in traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, for example, might eventually result in calcium influx ...
Calcium and Plant Development - Labs
... known what proteins these Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases phosphorylate. The Kms of these enzymes with respect to Ca2+ are all in the micromolar and submicromolar ranges expected for cytosolic Ca2+ regulation (89, 1 74, 1 99). There are at least three different classes of protein kinases found in pl ...
... known what proteins these Ca2+ -dependent protein kinases phosphorylate. The Kms of these enzymes with respect to Ca2+ are all in the micromolar and submicromolar ranges expected for cytosolic Ca2+ regulation (89, 1 74, 1 99). There are at least three different classes of protein kinases found in pl ...
C/EBPα triggers proteasome‐dependent degradation of cdk4 during
... (Wang et al., 2001). A detailed analysis of cdk4 in livers of wild-type and C/EBPa-knockout animals indicated a complex regulation of cdk4 by C/EBPa. In addition to the direct inhibition of cdk4 activity, C/EBPa also controls protein levels of cdk4. Figure 1A shows western blotting analysis of cdk4 ...
... (Wang et al., 2001). A detailed analysis of cdk4 in livers of wild-type and C/EBPa-knockout animals indicated a complex regulation of cdk4 by C/EBPa. In addition to the direct inhibition of cdk4 activity, C/EBPa also controls protein levels of cdk4. Figure 1A shows western blotting analysis of cdk4 ...
CYP 2D6 Polymorphism
... (CAR) is found in the cytoplasm and dimerizes with PXR in the nucleus. Analog to PXR, the CYP2B gene is regulated. Likewise high sequence homology has been found for the vitamine D receptor (VDR) that regulates CYP27, and for the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (dioxin receptor). ...
... (CAR) is found in the cytoplasm and dimerizes with PXR in the nucleus. Analog to PXR, the CYP2B gene is regulated. Likewise high sequence homology has been found for the vitamine D receptor (VDR) that regulates CYP27, and for the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (dioxin receptor). ...
Print
... to the same organelle were published. Among these, in 1898 Benda coined it with the name mitochondrion (26), coming from the Greek words mitos (meaning thread) and chondron (grain). This term considers the most common morphological features of this organelle and was broadly used and accepted to desc ...
... to the same organelle were published. Among these, in 1898 Benda coined it with the name mitochondrion (26), coming from the Greek words mitos (meaning thread) and chondron (grain). This term considers the most common morphological features of this organelle and was broadly used and accepted to desc ...
Cytochrome P450 and Polymorphism - uni
... (CAR) is found in the cytoplasm and dimerizes with PXR in the nucleus. Analog to PXR, the CYP2B gene is regulated. Likewise high sequence homology has been found for the vitamine D receptor (VDR) that regulates CYP27, and for the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (dioxin receptor). ...
... (CAR) is found in the cytoplasm and dimerizes with PXR in the nucleus. Analog to PXR, the CYP2B gene is regulated. Likewise high sequence homology has been found for the vitamine D receptor (VDR) that regulates CYP27, and for the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) (dioxin receptor). ...
Interleukin 12 p40 Production by Barrier Epithelial Cells during
... previous evidence for selective IFN-␥ responsiveness of epithelial ICAM-1 gene expression (10–12), but also unexpectedly localized the site of IL-12 production to airway epithelial cells. As IL-12 is generally produced by antigenpresenting cells (i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells) in o ...
... previous evidence for selective IFN-␥ responsiveness of epithelial ICAM-1 gene expression (10–12), but also unexpectedly localized the site of IL-12 production to airway epithelial cells. As IL-12 is generally produced by antigenpresenting cells (i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells) in o ...
Matching catalytic activity to developmental function: Tolloid
... al., 2003). Each family member has a highly similar structure containing an astacin-like protease domain followed by CUB protein-protein interaction domains that are interspersed with EGF-like motifs (Bond and Beynon, 1995). These proteases are synthesized as pro-enzymes that are activated upon remo ...
... al., 2003). Each family member has a highly similar structure containing an astacin-like protease domain followed by CUB protein-protein interaction domains that are interspersed with EGF-like motifs (Bond and Beynon, 1995). These proteases are synthesized as pro-enzymes that are activated upon remo ...
Ribosomal Stalk Protein L12: Structure, Function and
... ribosome i.e. mRNA decoding and peptide bond formation are driven by rRNA. In each ribosomal subunit rRNA makes the back bone or the core to which the r-proteins attach. The r-proteins often have distinct functions, yet in general, they play an important role in maintenance of the structural integri ...
... ribosome i.e. mRNA decoding and peptide bond formation are driven by rRNA. In each ribosomal subunit rRNA makes the back bone or the core to which the r-proteins attach. The r-proteins often have distinct functions, yet in general, they play an important role in maintenance of the structural integri ...
DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE Tbx5 is required for forelimb bud
... heart defects. Diminished TBX5 function in human, however, does not obviously affect limb-type identity but instead produces deletion deformities (Basson et al., 1994). Therefore, Tbx5 may have roles related to growth and differentiation of the embryonic limbs that are distinct from, or intrinsicall ...
... heart defects. Diminished TBX5 function in human, however, does not obviously affect limb-type identity but instead produces deletion deformities (Basson et al., 1994). Therefore, Tbx5 may have roles related to growth and differentiation of the embryonic limbs that are distinct from, or intrinsicall ...
SACpaper-TMG12-27 FS..
... be a member of the TRP family of receptors. Blocking Ca2+ influx through other channel types has little or opposite effects. The growth-promoting effects induced by blocking specific Ca2+ influx pathways occurs for neurons growing upon a variety of biological and non-biological substrata, as well as ...
... be a member of the TRP family of receptors. Blocking Ca2+ influx through other channel types has little or opposite effects. The growth-promoting effects induced by blocking specific Ca2+ influx pathways occurs for neurons growing upon a variety of biological and non-biological substrata, as well as ...
Spatial Reorganization of Glycogen Synthase upon Activation in 3T3
... and 2-deoxy-glucose, and required a functional glycogen synthase-binding domain on PTG. However, PTG overexpression did not induce distinct glycogen synthase clustering in fixed cells, presumably because cellular glycogen levels were increased more than 7-fold under these conditions, resulting in a ...
... and 2-deoxy-glucose, and required a functional glycogen synthase-binding domain on PTG. However, PTG overexpression did not induce distinct glycogen synthase clustering in fixed cells, presumably because cellular glycogen levels were increased more than 7-fold under these conditions, resulting in a ...
RNA silencing movement in plants - IMBB
... of the endogenous RDR6 gene in N. benthamiana by RNAi. In this manner, suppression of GFP-transgene by silencing spread was reminiscent of the endogene silencing phenotype, with silencing in systemic tissues not spreading further out of the veins than the usual short-range spread of 15 cells (Schwac ...
... of the endogenous RDR6 gene in N. benthamiana by RNAi. In this manner, suppression of GFP-transgene by silencing spread was reminiscent of the endogene silencing phenotype, with silencing in systemic tissues not spreading further out of the veins than the usual short-range spread of 15 cells (Schwac ...
RECENT ADVANCES IN COTTON FIBER DEVELOPMENT
... as well as the activity of transcription factors. Small RNAs occur in size classes that regulate gene expression differently. siRNAs are predominantly 24 nucleotides long and direct DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. The typically 18-21 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) are derived from an endoge ...
... as well as the activity of transcription factors. Small RNAs occur in size classes that regulate gene expression differently. siRNAs are predominantly 24 nucleotides long and direct DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. The typically 18-21 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) are derived from an endoge ...
The Copper Efflux Regulator CueR Is Subject to ATP
... transformations in the DNA conformation (Changela et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2003; Stoyanov and Brown, 2003; Philips et al., 2015). By kinks and undertwisting, the DNA switches from a B-form into an A-form-like conformation that allows access of the RNA polymerase. The metal-free CueR dimer (apo-Cue ...
... transformations in the DNA conformation (Changela et al., 2003; Chen et al., 2003; Stoyanov and Brown, 2003; Philips et al., 2015). By kinks and undertwisting, the DNA switches from a B-form into an A-form-like conformation that allows access of the RNA polymerase. The metal-free CueR dimer (apo-Cue ...
PRH/Hex - Biochemical Journal
... and formation of the primitive vasculature and blood system [9]. After gastrulation, PRH is expressed within the embryo itself: in mesodermal tissues that give rise to haematopoietic and vascular progenitors and the endocardium of the heart, and in endodermal tissues that are involved in the formati ...
... and formation of the primitive vasculature and blood system [9]. After gastrulation, PRH is expressed within the embryo itself: in mesodermal tissues that give rise to haematopoietic and vascular progenitors and the endocardium of the heart, and in endodermal tissues that are involved in the formati ...
ExamView - SUPERVOCAB PRETESTLISTS1THRU17.tst
... Responsible for receiving, packaging, and shipping materials through out the cell ...
... Responsible for receiving, packaging, and shipping materials through out the cell ...
Regulation of mitochondrial calcium in plants versus animals
... Abstract Ca2+ acts as an important cellular second messenger in eukaryotes. In both plants and animals, a wide variety of environmental and developmental stimuli trigger Ca2+ transients of a specific signature that can modulate gene expression and metabolism. In animals, mitochondrial energy metabol ...
... Abstract Ca2+ acts as an important cellular second messenger in eukaryotes. In both plants and animals, a wide variety of environmental and developmental stimuli trigger Ca2+ transients of a specific signature that can modulate gene expression and metabolism. In animals, mitochondrial energy metabol ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY H1 histones
... introns commonly observed in other protein-coding genes (85,86). Alternatively, somatic H1 genes contain a 30 stem-loop sequence allowing for rapid translation during DNA replication, while permitting tight regulation of gene expression after the conclusion of S phase (83,86,87). The expression patt ...
... introns commonly observed in other protein-coding genes (85,86). Alternatively, somatic H1 genes contain a 30 stem-loop sequence allowing for rapid translation during DNA replication, while permitting tight regulation of gene expression after the conclusion of S phase (83,86,87). The expression patt ...
Endocytosis, Recycling, and Regulated Exocytosis of Glucose
... internalizes via a route that is independent of clathrin and caveolae but that requires cholesterol.15 Dynamin, a large GTPase involved in the fission of vesicles from membranes, is necessary for CME and has also been implicated in caveolin-1-, IL-2Rβ-, and flotillindependent endocytotic processes.1 ...
... internalizes via a route that is independent of clathrin and caveolae but that requires cholesterol.15 Dynamin, a large GTPase involved in the fission of vesicles from membranes, is necessary for CME and has also been implicated in caveolin-1-, IL-2Rβ-, and flotillindependent endocytotic processes.1 ...
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... terminal end (Vorburger et al., 1989; Weber et al., 1989a; Hennekes and Nigg, 1994; Sinensky et al., 1994). This occurs after incorporation of lamin A into the lamina (Lehner et al., 1986). In addition, the permanent membrane binding of B-type lamins may also involve the action of specific lamin B r ...
... terminal end (Vorburger et al., 1989; Weber et al., 1989a; Hennekes and Nigg, 1994; Sinensky et al., 1994). This occurs after incorporation of lamin A into the lamina (Lehner et al., 1986). In addition, the permanent membrane binding of B-type lamins may also involve the action of specific lamin B r ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... idea that Netrin, secreted by midline cells, signals through DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)/UNC40/Frazzled receptors to attract commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well ...
... idea that Netrin, secreted by midline cells, signals through DCC (Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma)/UNC40/Frazzled receptors to attract commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well ...
Signal transduction
Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a specific receptor located on the cell surface or inside the cell. In turn, this receptor triggers a biochemical chain of events inside the cell, creating a response. Depending on the cell, the response alters the cell's metabolism, shape, gene expression, or ability to divide. The signal can be amplified at any step. Thus, one signaling molecule can cause many responses.