Growth factors and tooth development
... ABSTRACT The effects of various growth factors on tooth development were studied in organ cultures of mouse embryonic tooth germs. Transferrin was shown to be a necessary growth factor for early tooth morphogenesis. Transferrin was required for the development of bud- and early cap-staged teeth, and ...
... ABSTRACT The effects of various growth factors on tooth development were studied in organ cultures of mouse embryonic tooth germs. Transferrin was shown to be a necessary growth factor for early tooth morphogenesis. Transferrin was required for the development of bud- and early cap-staged teeth, and ...
Dynamic contrast-enhanced quantitative perfusion measurement of
... when treating various conditions such as vascular, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases and also when studying normal brain physiology. Using MRI, accurate determination of brain perfusion is difficult to obtain. The most commonly used approach is T2* susceptibility-weighted, contrast-enhanced MRI, ...
... when treating various conditions such as vascular, degenerative, and neoplastic diseases and also when studying normal brain physiology. Using MRI, accurate determination of brain perfusion is difficult to obtain. The most commonly used approach is T2* susceptibility-weighted, contrast-enhanced MRI, ...
Guanine Nucleotide Pool Imbalance Impairs Multiple Steps of
... tRNAiMet release and the eIF2GDP complex dissociation from the ribosome prior to 60S ribosomal subunit joining, which requires the hydrolysis of another GTP molecule bound to eIF5B (Lee et al. 2002). Next, eIF2B mediates the recycling of eIF2GDP to eIF2GTP, increasing by 10-fold the affinity of ...
... tRNAiMet release and the eIF2GDP complex dissociation from the ribosome prior to 60S ribosomal subunit joining, which requires the hydrolysis of another GTP molecule bound to eIF5B (Lee et al. 2002). Next, eIF2B mediates the recycling of eIF2GDP to eIF2GTP, increasing by 10-fold the affinity of ...
Inhibition of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Activity Triggers Neuronal
... grossly abnormal. In regions where only postmitotic cells are found in wild-type (wt) 1 animals, many cells attempt to divide and subsequently die in Rb -/- mice (Lee et al., 1992, 1994), suggesting that these cells require retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) for cell cycle arrest and survival. In add ...
... grossly abnormal. In regions where only postmitotic cells are found in wild-type (wt) 1 animals, many cells attempt to divide and subsequently die in Rb -/- mice (Lee et al., 1992, 1994), suggesting that these cells require retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) for cell cycle arrest and survival. In add ...
Regulation of translesion synthesis DNA polymerase by η
... We next attempted to identify the lysine residue(s) in polη that can be ubiquitinated. HEK293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin and Flag-tagged polη. After immunoprecipitation of polη with anti-Flag antibodies, the presumptive monoubiquitinated species of polη was visualized by Coomas ...
... We next attempted to identify the lysine residue(s) in polη that can be ubiquitinated. HEK293T cells were transfected with HA-tagged ubiquitin and Flag-tagged polη. After immunoprecipitation of polη with anti-Flag antibodies, the presumptive monoubiquitinated species of polη was visualized by Coomas ...
Detoxification of Arsenic by Phytochelatins in Plants
... a widespread tolerance mechanism for arsenate, AsVO43⫺, is based on an efflux system that exports arsenic specifically and ATP-dependently as AsIIIO2⫺ from the cell generated by cytosolic reduction (Silver, 1996). At least in terrestrial higher plants, these processes seem to form no major routes of ...
... a widespread tolerance mechanism for arsenate, AsVO43⫺, is based on an efflux system that exports arsenic specifically and ATP-dependently as AsIIIO2⫺ from the cell generated by cytosolic reduction (Silver, 1996). At least in terrestrial higher plants, these processes seem to form no major routes of ...
CD1 Proteins, but No Functional CD1d The Bovine CD1 Family
... been elucidated. Because SBU-T6 was shown to immunoprecipitate sheep CD1e, and at least one other protein (18, 22), it is regarded as a pan-CD1-specific Ab. CC20 and BCD1b3 are known to recognize human CD1b. Our data, summarized in Table II, show that SBU-T6 recognizes thymocytes, peripheral B cells ...
... been elucidated. Because SBU-T6 was shown to immunoprecipitate sheep CD1e, and at least one other protein (18, 22), it is regarded as a pan-CD1-specific Ab. CC20 and BCD1b3 are known to recognize human CD1b. Our data, summarized in Table II, show that SBU-T6 recognizes thymocytes, peripheral B cells ...
Multiscale View of Cytoskeletal Mechanoregulation of Cell and
... allows it to maintain homeostasis and function as a coherent and, largely, independent unit (Roignot et al. 2013; Tellkamp et al. 2014). Moreover, upon injury, polarity cues allow cells to repair the tissue effectively and resume normal function. With so many vital processes that take place througho ...
... allows it to maintain homeostasis and function as a coherent and, largely, independent unit (Roignot et al. 2013; Tellkamp et al. 2014). Moreover, upon injury, polarity cues allow cells to repair the tissue effectively and resume normal function. With so many vital processes that take place througho ...
PD-1 promotes immune exhaustion by inducing antiviral T cell
... quently, lymphocytes exposed to these environ ments are stricken with a state of dysfunction commonly referred to as immune exhaustion (Wherry, 2011). The term exhaustion refers to a state of functional decline that occurs when lymphocytes are chronically exposed to an anti gen. During a persiste ...
... quently, lymphocytes exposed to these environ ments are stricken with a state of dysfunction commonly referred to as immune exhaustion (Wherry, 2011). The term exhaustion refers to a state of functional decline that occurs when lymphocytes are chronically exposed to an anti gen. During a persiste ...
Kimberly-Clark Health Care Glossary To Augment
... Designed to reduce the risk of airborne infectious agents. Airborne droplets (nuclei) are less than 5 microns in size and contain microorganisms that are infectious through the respiratory route. These tiny droplets are small enough to easily float in air currents allowing the organisms to spread ea ...
... Designed to reduce the risk of airborne infectious agents. Airborne droplets (nuclei) are less than 5 microns in size and contain microorganisms that are infectious through the respiratory route. These tiny droplets are small enough to easily float in air currents allowing the organisms to spread ea ...
Aquaporin-Mediated Fluid Regulation in the Inner Ear
... Ser256, which is stored in cytosolic vesicles. The phosphorylation event triggers by an as yet unknown mechanism the directional translocation of these vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. There, AQP2 is integrated into the plasmalemma and increases the water permeability. The entering water leav ...
... Ser256, which is stored in cytosolic vesicles. The phosphorylation event triggers by an as yet unknown mechanism the directional translocation of these vesicles to the apical plasma membrane. There, AQP2 is integrated into the plasmalemma and increases the water permeability. The entering water leav ...
Translational control of meiotic cell cycle progression
... Translational control plays a key role in temporal regulation of developmental events that must be executed largely in the absence of transcription. For example, in metazoan organisms with large yolk-rich eggs, in which early stages of embryonic development commonly take place before onset of zygoti ...
... Translational control plays a key role in temporal regulation of developmental events that must be executed largely in the absence of transcription. For example, in metazoan organisms with large yolk-rich eggs, in which early stages of embryonic development commonly take place before onset of zygoti ...
N-Linked glycans on dengue viruses grown in mammalian and
... et al., 2000). Infection of DCs is mediated by the binding of DENV to DC-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DCSIGN), a C-type lectin that preferentially binds to terminal mannose sugars on glycans (Cambi & Figdor, 2003; Cambi et al., 2003; Engering et al., 2002; Navarro-Sanchez et al., 2003; Tass ...
... et al., 2000). Infection of DCs is mediated by the binding of DENV to DC-specific ICAM3-grabbing non-integrin (DCSIGN), a C-type lectin that preferentially binds to terminal mannose sugars on glycans (Cambi & Figdor, 2003; Cambi et al., 2003; Engering et al., 2002; Navarro-Sanchez et al., 2003; Tass ...
Article - Research | www.stowers.org
... to the MF. This suggests that the MF response is distributed over the entire anterior compartment of the developing eye. In addition, optical sagittal sections (Figure 1D) revealed that, in the anterior compartment, cells become increasingly taller along the anterior-posterior axis; cells in the ant ...
... to the MF. This suggests that the MF response is distributed over the entire anterior compartment of the developing eye. In addition, optical sagittal sections (Figure 1D) revealed that, in the anterior compartment, cells become increasingly taller along the anterior-posterior axis; cells in the ant ...
Cells in Physcomitrella patens
... contrast to those of animals, hold multiple developmental potentialities during development and retain a plasticity that enables dedifferentiation [6]. However, the genetic and molecular bases of this difference between plant and animal cells are mostly unknown. Recently, artificial expression of tw ...
... contrast to those of animals, hold multiple developmental potentialities during development and retain a plasticity that enables dedifferentiation [6]. However, the genetic and molecular bases of this difference between plant and animal cells are mostly unknown. Recently, artificial expression of tw ...
Title Determination of Cathepsins D and E in Various Tissues and
... hemoglobin were examined (Fig.1). Rat and monkey cathepsins D was maximally active at around pH 3. Rat cathepsin D retained nearly half of the maximal activity at pH 2 while monkey cathepsin D was almost inactive at pH 2. Rat and monkey cathepsins E was maximally active at around pH 3, with similar ...
... hemoglobin were examined (Fig.1). Rat and monkey cathepsins D was maximally active at around pH 3. Rat cathepsin D retained nearly half of the maximal activity at pH 2 while monkey cathepsin D was almost inactive at pH 2. Rat and monkey cathepsins E was maximally active at around pH 3, with similar ...
An Introduction to the Reference Module in Life Sciences
... first are traditionally mainly treated by microbiologists whereas plant cells are purview of botanists, so here we mainly focus on the eukaryotic world, in particular on human cells, and limit the articles on other organisms to those that either are model organisms or are paradigmatic for various re ...
... first are traditionally mainly treated by microbiologists whereas plant cells are purview of botanists, so here we mainly focus on the eukaryotic world, in particular on human cells, and limit the articles on other organisms to those that either are model organisms or are paradigmatic for various re ...
Beyond ergosterol
... Another critical consequence of disabling V-ATPase is inhibition of filamentous growth, as was observed for the vma7-/- strain of C. albicans in the presence of serum or liquid Spider medium (with mannitol).26 Fluconazole treatment and ERG3 deletion have both been shown to inhibit filamentation,28, ...
... Another critical consequence of disabling V-ATPase is inhibition of filamentous growth, as was observed for the vma7-/- strain of C. albicans in the presence of serum or liquid Spider medium (with mannitol).26 Fluconazole treatment and ERG3 deletion have both been shown to inhibit filamentation,28, ...
a Gene Encoding a Putative Signal Transduction Receptor in
... cells exchange pronuclei and fertilization occurs when the migratory nucleus from the mating partner fuses with the stationary pronucleus. The zygotic nuclei undergo two postzygotic mitoses to produce four nuclei in each cell, two of which develop into new macronuclei (macronuclear anlagen) and two ...
... cells exchange pronuclei and fertilization occurs when the migratory nucleus from the mating partner fuses with the stationary pronucleus. The zygotic nuclei undergo two postzygotic mitoses to produce four nuclei in each cell, two of which develop into new macronuclei (macronuclear anlagen) and two ...
Mechanisms of cellular communication through intercellular protein
... of immune system It was demonstrated that T cells can acquire not only MHC class I and class II proteins [38, 39], but also co-stimulatory proteins [40–42] and membrane proteins from APC [43, 44], endothelial cells [45]. Until very recent, protein transfer by trogocytosis is believed to be unidirect ...
... of immune system It was demonstrated that T cells can acquire not only MHC class I and class II proteins [38, 39], but also co-stimulatory proteins [40–42] and membrane proteins from APC [43, 44], endothelial cells [45]. Until very recent, protein transfer by trogocytosis is believed to be unidirect ...
J. Plant Res.
... roots (Djordjevic and Weinman 1991; Franssen et al. 1992; Estabrook and Yoder 1998). During the formation of rootnodule symbioses between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and their legume hosts, the early stages of recognition and infection are critical to the success of the interaction. When compatible mol ...
... roots (Djordjevic and Weinman 1991; Franssen et al. 1992; Estabrook and Yoder 1998). During the formation of rootnodule symbioses between nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and their legume hosts, the early stages of recognition and infection are critical to the success of the interaction. When compatible mol ...
Required Early Complement Activation in Contact
... CS is a classical example of a T cell–mediated cutaneous inflammatory response (13). CS and related DTH are mediated generally by Ag/MHC class II–restricted Th-1 cells, which are recruited in mice to the local tissue site via serotonin (5-HT)–mediated processes which occur early after Ag challenge ( ...
... CS is a classical example of a T cell–mediated cutaneous inflammatory response (13). CS and related DTH are mediated generally by Ag/MHC class II–restricted Th-1 cells, which are recruited in mice to the local tissue site via serotonin (5-HT)–mediated processes which occur early after Ag challenge ( ...
Surviving apoptosis: life–death signaling in single cells
... Despite being strongly pro-apoptotic, TRAIL and FasL have been shown to exhibit nonapoptotic activities in many settings [13,43]. FasL promotes branching of cultured neurons, as well as liver regeneration following hepatic injury [44,45]. TRAIL is involved in nonapoptotic forms of cellular different ...
... Despite being strongly pro-apoptotic, TRAIL and FasL have been shown to exhibit nonapoptotic activities in many settings [13,43]. FasL promotes branching of cultured neurons, as well as liver regeneration following hepatic injury [44,45]. TRAIL is involved in nonapoptotic forms of cellular different ...
Lesson Overview
... - Some of the proteins form channels and pumps that help to move material across the cell membrane - Many of the carbohydrate molecules act like chemical identification cards, allowing individual cells to identify one another ...
... - Some of the proteins form channels and pumps that help to move material across the cell membrane - Many of the carbohydrate molecules act like chemical identification cards, allowing individual cells to identify one another ...
The innate immune function of airway epithelial cells in inflammatory
... from the development and continued refinement of primary cultures from surface epithelia of the trachea, bronchi and alveoli. An air–liquid interface (ALI) culture method of cells grown on a permeable filter with air above and cell culture media below has been widely employed [15]. The validity of t ...
... from the development and continued refinement of primary cultures from surface epithelia of the trachea, bronchi and alveoli. An air–liquid interface (ALI) culture method of cells grown on a permeable filter with air above and cell culture media below has been widely employed [15]. The validity of t ...
Tissue engineering
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering and materials methods, and suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. While it was once categorized as a sub-field of biomaterials, having grown in scope and importance it can be considered as a field in its own right.While most definitions of tissue engineering cover a broad range of applications, in practice the term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin, muscle etc.). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g. an artificial pancreas, or a bio artificial liver). The term regenerative medicine is often used synonymously with tissue engineering, although those involved in regenerative medicine place more emphasis on the use of stem cells or progenitor cells to produce tissues.